Antonina Drzewiecka, Artur Drzewiecki, Oliwia Maciaszek
et al.
Introduction and Purpose: Vascular access devices (VADs) are essential for modern inpatient care, yet optimal device selection remains complex due to heterogeneous data on dwell time, indications, and complications. Peripheral options such as midline catheters (MCs) and long peripheral catheters (LPCs) are increasingly proposed as alternatives to peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and central venous catheters (CVCs), particularly for intermediate-duration therapy and in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA). The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence on peripheral and central vascular access, focusing on peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), MCs, LPCs, PICCs, and CVCs, with respect to dwell time, therapeutic indications, and complication rates, including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and thrombosis.
State of Knowledge: PIVCs, although most commonly used, have short dwell times and high failure rates, often complicated by phlebitis, infiltration, and occlusion. Midline catheters provide longer dwell times and reduce repeated cannulation but are associated with minor mechanical complications such as superficial thrombophlebitis and occlusion. PICCs and CVCs enable prolonged delivery of vesicant and hyperosmolar therapies but carry higher risks of bloodstream infection and venous thromboembolism. Comparative studies suggest midlines may reduce CRBSI and CLABSI-reportable events relative to PICCs, at the cost of more frequent minor complications.
Conclusion: No single VAD is universally optimal. Device choice should integrate therapy duration, infusate characteristics, vascular anatomy, and the balance of infectious, thrombotic, and mechanical risks. MCs and LPCs appear promising for intermediate-duration, peripherally compatible therapies; however, high-quality randomized studies are needed to refine vascular access algorithms and confirm safety signals.
Abstract
This article investigates the epistemological convergence between French historiography and French Discourse Analysis (FDA), emphasizing their shared focus on language as a vehicle for historical meaning and ideological formation. Tracing the evolution from the Annales School to post-structuralist thinkers such as Foucault and LaCapra, the study highlights how history has increasingly embraced discourse as both a methodological tool and an object of analysis. Through a case study of Santiago Abascal, leader of Spain’s far-right party Vox, the article illustrates how FDA concepts – such as lexical worlds, interdiscursivity, and discursive ethos – can be applied to political rhetoric in the digital age. Using lexicometric methods (IraMuTeQ, SketchEngine) and qualitative interpretation, the study analyzes a corpus of Abascal’s tweets (2019-2022), focusing particularly on the term golpista as a strategic signifier of ideological antagonism. The findings show how far-right discourse reactivates historically loaded terms to construct binary oppositions and mobilize collective memory. Ultimately, the article argues that FDA offers historians a powerful framework to interrogate the linguistic production of identity, power, and historical continuity in contemporary political narratives.
Anthropology, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
The genus Talbotia Bernardi, 1958 is a member of the subfamily Pierinae within the family Pieridae. It consists of a single species, Talbotia naganum (Moore, 1884), commonly known as Naga White, which is a highly uncommon species in India. In order to examine its morphological characteristics, including its genital attributes, a male specimen of Talbotia naganum (Moore) was analyzed from the collections held at the National Museum of Lepidoptera, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The various male genital attributes of this species have been thoroughly studied, illustrated, and compared in detail for the first time with the commonly found pierid butterfly P. brassicae (Linnaeus).
Norma González Ruda, Ibette Alfonso Pérez, Raquel Bermúdez Morris
La orientación educativa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación superior puede coadyuvar al cumplimiento de las exigencias en la formación de profesionales en el siglo XXI. No obstante, este espacio no constituye aún, un ámbito privilegiado para programar acciones de orientación educativa, los profesores no cuentan con una guía para realizar esta labor. El objetivo del trabajo se centra en reflexionar sobre los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para realizar la orientación educativa en el PEA de la educación superior. Para estudiar este particular se desarrolló una investigación que permitió la revisión, interpretación y contrastación de diversas fuentes bibliográficas mediante los métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo. Estos métodos permitieron el análisis de la información obtenida y la elaboración de síntesis conclusivas en el plano teórico. Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los modelos estudiados evidencian que la orientación educativa debe ser realizada por un personal especializado o que ha sido preparado para cumplir con esta labor. Aunque se reconoce en los modelos más actuales al profesor como agente orientador, no quedan esclarecidos los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para la orientación que debe realizar este agente educativo en el PEA de la educación superior. Se hace necesario entonces, integrar los fundamentos que aportan los modelos de orientación educativa con los fundamentos de la Didáctica, de manera que se ofrezca una base conceptual y metodológica para la orientación educativa en el PEA de la educación superior.
By improving its total factor productivity, China may attain higher quality and more sustainable economic growth. As a key market-based incentive for environmental regulation, does environmental protection tax increase total factor productivity and provide a win-win situation for both economic and environmental performance? It is a debate-worthy topic. Based on data of Chinese listed companies, this paper uses the triple difference method to analyze China’s environmental protection tax reform as a natural experiment. The results show that the environmental protection tax can significantly boost the firm’s total factor productivity by encouraging technological innovation and enhancing resource allocation. Based on analysis of heterogeneity, it appears that state-owned enterprises, larger corporations, and regions with more strict environmental enforcement are more responsive to environmental protection tax policies. This report provides critical empirical evidence for upgrading China’s tax framework to protect the environment.
Victor Koryahin, Zinoviy Mykytyuk, Yaryna Turchyn
et al.
The study objective. Substantiation and implementation of the heart rate monitoring tool, developed on the basis of information systems for the rapid registration of cardiac rhythm during exercise.
Material and Methods. The study was implemented at the theoretical and empirical level. The basis of the study is the use of a set of theoretical methods: scientific analysis and synthesis, comparison, systematization, induction and deduction, generalization. The following methods of empirical research were used: description, empirical comparison, technical modeling, sphygmographic method of registration of pulsograms.
Results. According to the results of the search activity, a device designed to monitor heart rate in real time was presented. To implement the new electronic method and heart rate monitor of the functional state of the cardiovascular system, an optical block that eliminates the subjective determination of control results associated with the probability of errors was created. The use of an optical unit provides a fast dynamic picture of heart rate measurement, since the unit uses an optical sensor. Spectral characteristics of blood, which change under the influence of physical activity, were used for heart rate registration. Positive characteristics that ensure the quality of real-time HR monitoring procedures using the developed device in addition to high technical parameters are: high level of sensitivity, wide dynamic range, harmonized frequency response, linearity of conversion, note also non-invasiveness, security in application, low energy consumption signal, and transformations that do not affect or distort the control results.
Conclusions. The use of information systems in heart rate control ensures the accuracy of the measurement information and the correspondence between the degree of scientific reliability and practical value of the obtained results.
Katarzyna Słomska-Przech, Tomasz Panecki, Wojciech Pokojski
Recently, due to Web 2.0 and neocartography, heat maps have become a popular map type for quick reading. Heat maps are graphical representations of geographic data density in the form of raster maps, elaborated by applying kernel density estimation with a given radius on point- or linear-input data. The aim of this study was to compare the usability of heat maps with different levels of generalization (defined by radii of 10, 20, 30, and 40 pixels) for basic map user tasks. A user study with 412 participants (16–20 years old, high school students) was carried out in order to compare heat maps that showed the same input data. The study was conducted in schools during geography or IT lessons. Objective (the correctness of the answer, response times) and subjective (response time self-assessment, task difficulty, preferences) metrics were measured. The results show that the smaller radius resulted in the higher correctness of the answers. A larger radius did not result in faster response times. The participants perceived the more generalized maps as easier to use, although this result did not match the performance metrics. Overall, we believe that heat maps, in given circumstances and appropriate design settings, can be considered an efficient method for spatial data presentation.
W. H. Lipscomb, G. R. Leguy, N. C. Jourdain
et al.
<p>The future retreat rate for marine-based regions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest uncertainties in sea-level projections. The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) aims to improve projections and quantify uncertainties by running an ensemble of ice sheet models with
atmosphere and ocean forcing derived from global climate models.
Here, the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) is used to run ISMIP6-based projections of ocean-forced Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution. Using multiple combinations of sub-ice-shelf melt parameterizations and calibrations, CISM is spun up to steady state over many millennia. During the spin-up, basal friction parameters and basin-scale thermal forcing corrections are adjusted to optimize agreement with the observed ice thickness.
The model is then run forward for 550 years, from 1950–2500, applying ocean thermal forcing anomalies from six climate models. In all simulations, the ocean forcing triggers long-term retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, especially in the Filchner–Ronne and Ross sectors. Mass loss accelerates late in the 21st century and then rises steadily for several centuries without leveling off.
The resulting ocean-forced sea-level rise at year 2500 varies from about 150 to 1300 mm, depending on the melt scheme and ocean forcing.
Further experiments show relatively high sensitivity to the basal friction law, moderate sensitivity to grid resolution and the prescribed collapse of small ice shelves, and low sensitivity to the stress-balance approximation.
The Amundsen sector exhibits threshold behavior, with modest retreat under many parameter settings but complete collapse under some combinations of low basal friction and high thermal forcing anomalies.
Large uncertainties remain, as a result of parameterized sub-shelf melt rates,
simplified treatments of calving and basal friction, and the lack of ice–ocean coupling.</p>
Rizescu Dana, Rizescu Ciprian Ion, Alionte Cristian Gabriel
The paper aims to create a unit using Fresnel lenses. This module consist of an arrangement of planar-convex Fresnel lenses, made of methyl polymethacrylate, mounted in a hexagonal raster and bent to form a dome for collecting and amplifying solar radiation at several focal points and with the possibility of adjusting the focal distance. The module has three aluminum alloy legs that are vertically adjustable. This construction using Fresnel lenses mounted in a hexagonal raster will increase the energy collected by a photovoltaic panel, thus significantly reducing energy losses and long-term costs. Compared to normal lenses, these lenses are considerably lighter because the material in the center of the lens is reduced, and for manufacturing can be used methyl polymethacrylate or polycarbonate, thus greatly reducing manufacturing costs. To show the functioning of the unit the authors presents in the paper a MATLAB simulation of the Fresnel lens model and a ray propagation.
Hidayat Ullah, Wanggen Wan, Saqib Ali Haidery
et al.
<b> </b>Green parks are vital public spaces and play a major role in urban living and well-being. Research on the attractiveness of green parks often relies on traditional techniques, such as questionnaires and in-situ surveys, but these methods are typically insignificant in scale, time-consuming, and expensive, with less transferable results and only site-specific outcomes. This article presents an investigative study that uses location-based social network (LBSN) data to collect spatial and temporal patterns of park visits in Shanghai metropolitan city. During the period from July 2016 to June 2017 in Shanghai, China, we analyzed the spatiotemporal behavior of park visitors for 157 green parks and conducted empirical research on the impacts of green spaces on the public’s behavior in Shanghai. Our main findings show (i) the check-in distribution of users in different green spaces; (ii) the seasonal effects on the public’s behavior toward green spaces; (iii) changes in the number of users based on the hour of the day, the intervals of the day (morning, afternoon, evening), and the day of the week; (iv) interesting user behavior variations that depend on temperature effects; and (v) gender-based differences in the number of green park visitors. These results can be used for the purpose of urban city planning for green spaces by accounting for the preferences of visitors.
The purpose of this article is to present the Libertarian Municipalism Theory developed by Murray Bookchin. The text is divided into two sections. The first section presents the main precepts of Libertarian Municipalism. The second section shows how Bookchin’s ideas reached Rojava in Syria and is influencing the political organization of the region by the Kurds. The article used the descriptive methodology and was based on the works of Murray Bookchin and field research conducted by the author over the years.
Ghaizani Mohamad Aufar, Abdurrosyid Imam, Paryanto Imam
et al.
Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy forms that is on demand in Indonesia. In the biodiesel production process, impurities such as Saturated Monoglycerides (SMG) in the form of monostearin that precipitate at low temperature are commonly formed. This is caused by high Final Melting Temperature (FMT) of SMG. Formation of solid deposits when it reaches a temperature above Cloud Point (CP) is then unavoidable under these conditions. The use of palm oil biodiesel and petroleum diesel blends (BXX) with biodiesel blend ratio of 10% (B10), 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) accelerates precipation process which renders clogging on fuel filters. These works examined the effect monostearin content and temperature on the precipitation rate. Investigation is carried out at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and room temperature (30-33°C) with varying content of monostearin (0.4%, 0.7%, and 0.9%). Early results show that for 0.4% monostearin content in 100 ml B20, the amount of precipitate formed at temperature 15 oC was 31.3 mg. This value was higher than that at room temperature (6.3 mg) after 2 weeks storage time. This value was higher compared to B20 (21.5 mg). This indicates that as the biodiesel ratio in BXX become higher, the amount of FAME will increase which effect monostearin solubility in BXX at low temperature.
In this paper, we propose an SIVS epidemic model with continuous age structures in both infected and vaccinated classes and with a general nonlinear incidence. Firstly, we provide some basic properties of the system including the existence, uniqueness and positivity of solutions. Furthermore, we show that the solution semiflow is asymptotic smooth. Secondly, we calculate the basic reproduction number $ \mathcal {R}_0 $ by employing the classical renewal process, which determines whether the disease persists or not. In the main part, we investigate the global stability of the equilibria by the approach of Lyanpunov functionals. Some numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the theoretical results and to show the effect of the transmission rate and immunity waning rate on the disease prevalence.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan senam lantai roll belakang setelah diberikan penerapan latihan menggunakan metode bermain pada siswa kelas VIII.6 SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pre-eksperimental designs dengan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posttest designs, yang dimana dalam melakukan penelitian menggunakan tes awal (pretest), memberikan perlakuan, dan melakukan tes akhir (posttest) pada sampel kelas VIII.6 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dari keseluruhan populasinya kelas VIII. Hasil penelitian dari tes akhir diperoleh Rata-rata hasil belajar pada pretest 40.19 dan posttes 57.76 dengan persentase peningkatan 43.71%. Berdasarkan data uji t yang dilakukan maka didapatkan nilai sebesar 6.66. dengan demikian nilai = 6.66 lebih besar dari nilai = 1.69, artinya terdapat pengaruh metode bermain terhadap hasil belajar senam lantai roll belakang pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu.