Hasil untuk "Ancient history"

N. Frye

Striking out at the conception of criticism as restricted to mere opinion or ritual gesture, Northrop Frye wrote this magisterial work proceeding on the assumption that criticism is a structure of thought and knowledge in its own right. In four brilliant essays on historical, ethical, archetypical, and rhetorical criticism, employing examples of world literature from ancient times to the present, Frye reconceived literary criticism as a total history rather than a linear progression through time. Literature, Frye wrote, is "the place where our imaginations find the ideal that they try to pass on to belief and action, where they find the vision which is the source of both the dignity and the joy of life." And the critical study of literature provides a basic way "to produce, out of the society we have to live in, a vision of the society we want to live in." Harold Bloom contributes a fascinating and highly personal preface that examines Frye's mode of criticism and thought (as opposed to Frye's criticism itself) as being indispensable in the modern literary world.

D. Graeber

M. E. Valverde, T. Hernández-Pérez, O. Paredes-López

Mushrooms have been consumed since earliest history; ancient Greeks believed that mushrooms provided strength for warriors in battle, and the Romans perceived them as the “Food of the Gods.” For centuries, the Chinese culture has treasured mushrooms as a health food, an “elixir of life.” They have been part of the human culture for thousands of years and have considerable interest in the most important civilizations in history because of their sensory characteristics; they have been recognized for their attractive culinary attributes. Nowadays, mushrooms are popular valuable foods because they are low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium: also, they are cholesterol-free. Besides, mushrooms provide important nutrients, including selenium, potassium, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, proteins, and fiber. All together with a long history as food source, mushrooms are important for their healing capacities and properties in traditional medicine. It has reported beneficial effects for health and treatment of some diseases. Many nutraceutical properties are described in mushrooms, such as prevention or treatment of Parkinson, Alzheimer, hypertension, and high risk of stroke. They are also utilized to reduce the likelihood of cancer invasion and metastasis due to antitumoral attributes. Mushrooms act as antibacterial, immune system enhancer and cholesterol lowering agents; additionally, they are important sources of bioactive compounds. As a result of these properties, some mushroom extracts are used to promote human health and are found as dietary supplements.

R. Green, J. Krause, Adrian W. Briggs et al.

J. Bokina

B. B. D. Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson et al.

M. Sogin, H. Morrison, J. Huber et al.

J. McConnell, J. Robson

O. Jaillon, J. Aury, F. Brunet et al.

R. Goldstein, T. J. Reynolds

K. Hashimoto, H. Irie, A. Fujishima

B. Lange, T. Rujan, W. Martin et al.

Angélique Guigner

This article aims to improve our understanding of the boundaries of places of worship during the Second Iron Age in Iberia, particularly along the Mediterranean coast. The latter is one of the key elements in comprehending these sacred spaces as a whole. Throughout the Mediterranean, various separation systems can clearly be observed: moated enclosures, palisade fences and more or less monumental masonry walls. The absence of such systems during archaeological excavations does not necessarily mean that they were completely absent. Indeed, these boundaries are not always materialized by an architectural structure whether monumental or not. These considerations, which form part of the study of sanctuaries, are rarely discussed in relation to understanding Iberian sacred spaces. Thus, even if some examples suggest the existence of built structures, it seems that isolation is the most common means of delimiting sacred space, whether in urban areas or sites in the countryside.

Jinchi Zhu, Zhou Zhao, Hailong Lei et al.

Bamboo slips are a crucial medium for recording ancient civilizations in East Asia, and offers invaluable archaeological insights for reconstructing the Silk Road, studying material culture exchanges, and global history. However, many excavated bamboo slips have been fragmented into thousands of irregular pieces, making their rejoining a vital yet challenging step for understanding their content. Here we introduce WisePanda, a physics-driven deep learning framework designed to rejoin fragmented bamboo slips. Based on the physics of fracture and material deterioration, WisePanda automatically generates synthetic training data that captures the physical properties of bamboo fragmentations. This approach enables the training of a matching network without requiring manually paired samples, providing ranked suggestions to facilitate the rejoining process. Compared to the leading curve matching method, WisePanda increases Top-50 matching accuracy from 36% to 52% among more than one thousand candidate fragments. Archaeologists using WisePanda have experienced substantial efficiency improvements (approximately 20 times faster) when rejoining fragmented bamboo slips. This research demonstrates that incorporating physical principles into deep learning models can significantly enhance their performance, transforming how archaeologists restore and study fragmented artifacts. WisePanda provides a new paradigm for addressing data scarcity in ancient artifact restoration through physics-driven machine learning.

V. Bergougnoux

Jerzy S Respondek

The author was encouraged to write this review by numerous enquiries from researchers all over the world, who needed a ready-to-use algorithm for the inversion of confluent Vandermonde matrices which works in quadratic time for any values of the parameters allowed by the definition, including the case of large root multiplicities of the characteristic polynomial. Article gives the history of the title special matrix since 1891 and surveys algorithms for solving linear systems with the title class matrix and inverting it. In particular, it presents, also by example, a numerical algorithm which does not use symbolic computations and is ready to be implemented in a general-purpose programming language or in a specific mathematical package.

S. Luca, T. Mihăescu

Miha Mlinar, Sneža Tecco Hvala

Prostor posoške skupnosti iz starejše železne dobe (8.–4. st. pr. n. št.), znane kot svetolucijska halštatska kulturna skupina, zaznamujejo različne geomorfološke značilnosti in naravne danosti. Najstarejše jedro stalne poselitve se je izoblikovalo ob naravnih poteh, ki vodijo ob Nadiži in Soči iz Furlanske nižine oz. iz zaledja severnega Jadrana v alpski visokogorski svet. O stalni poselitvi na začetku železne dobe pričajo predvsem grobišča, medtem ko je v naseljih zaradi skromne raziskanosti starejše obdobje (8.–6. st. pr. n. št.) slabše prepoznavno. Grobovi iz starejših faz kažejo na manjše lokalne skupnosti, grobni pridatki pa ne izražajo večjih družbenih razlik. Družbeno razslojevanje je zaznavno v mlajših fazah (6. do 4. st. pr. n. št.), ko se ob prevladujočem pokopu sežganih ostankov v preprosto grobno jamo, pokrito s kamnito ploščo, poja- vijo tudi maloštevilni žarni grobovi v obliki kamnite skrinje in z bogatejšimi pridatki. V mlajšem obdobju je naselje na Mostu na Soči doseglo največji obseg in se razvilo v glavno regionalno središče z zgodnjeurbanimi značilnostmi. V 6. in 5. st. pr. n. št. je opazna tudi ekspanzija te skupnosti, zrasla so nova manjša naselja. Večinoma so bila deloma utrjena, v neutrjenih bi lahko videli naselja drugega ranga. V 4. st. pr. n. št. so sledili pretresi in spremembe, ki so privedli do dezintegracije skupnosti. Prebivalstvo se je iz starih aglomeracij umaknilo v stranske doline in bolj hribovite predele, v grobnih in daritvenih obredjih pa je v znatnejši meri prisotno orožje.

Javier Norberto Núñez

El artículo repasa las relaciones entre macedonios e ilirios entre principios del siglo IV y la victoria de Filipo II sobre Bardileo en el 358 a.C. Se describen sus disímiles modalidades de construcción de la autoridad política y organización territorial, concibiéndolas como claves para comprender el modo en que se expandieron los ilirios durante ese período, las características que tuvieron esas relaciones y las formas de la recuperación macedonia posterior

Josef Unger