Hasil untuk "American literature"

B. Marino, P. Lipkin, Jane W. Newburger et al.

Background— The goal of this statement was to review the available literature on surveillance, screening, evaluation, and management strategies and put forward a scientific statement that would comprehensively review the literature and create recommendations to optimize neurodevelopmental outcome in the pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) population. Methods and Results— A writing group appointed by the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the available literature addressing developmental disorder and disability and developmental delay in the CHD population, with specific attention given to surveillance, screening, evaluation, and management strategies. MEDLINE and Google Scholar database searches from 1966 to 2011 were performed for English-language articles cross-referencing CHD with pertinent search terms. The reference lists of identified articles were also searched. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification of recommendations and levels of evidence for practice guidelines were used. A management algorithm was devised that stratified children with CHD on the basis of established risk factors. For those deemed to be at high risk for developmental disorder or disabilities or for developmental delay, formal, periodic developmental and medical evaluations are recommended. A CHD algorithm for surveillance, screening, evaluation, reevaluation, and management of developmental disorder or disability has been constructed to serve as a supplement to the 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics statement on developmental surveillance and screening. The proposed algorithm is designed to be carried out within the context of the medical home. This scientific statement is meant for medical providers within the medical home who care for patients with CHD. Conclusions— Children with CHD are at increased risk of developmental disorder or disabilities or developmental delay. Periodic developmental surveillance, screening, evaluation, and reevaluation throughout childhood may enhance identification of significant deficits, allowing for appropriate therapies and education to enhance later academic, behavioral, psychosocial, and adaptive functioning.

M. Parshall, R. Schwartzstein, L. Adams et al.

P. Gorelick, A. Scuteri, S. Black et al.

C. Bushnell, L. McCullough, I. Awad et al.

Richard T. Kloos (Chair), C. Eng, Douglas B. Evans et al.

M. Nelson, W. Rejeski, Steven N. Blair et al.

J. George, S. Woolf, G. Raskob et al.

L. Petersen, A. Brault, R. Nasci

Y. Handelsman, Z. Bloomgarden, G. Grunberger et al.

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice are systematically developed statements to assist healthcare professionals in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on literature reviews. In areas of uncertainty, professional judgment was applied. These guidelines are a working document that reflects the state of the field at the time of publication. Because rapid changes in this area are expected, periodic revisions are inevitable. We encourage medical professionals to use this information in conjunction with their best clinical judgment. The presented recommendations may not be appropriate in all situations. Any decision by practitioners to apply these guidelines must be made in light of local resources and individual patient circumstances. Abbreviations: A1C = hemoglobin A1c AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ACCORD = Action to Control Cardiovascu...

Daniel Chee, Noufel Frikha, Libo Li

Recent advances in continuous-time optimal stopping have been driven by entropy-regularized formulations of randomized stopping problems, with most existing approaches relying on partial differential equation methods. In this paper, we propose a fully probabilistic framework based on the Doob-Meyer-Mertens decomposition of the Snell envelope and its representation through reflected backward stochastic differential equations. We introduce an entropy-regularized penalization scheme yielding a monotone approximation of the value function and establish explicit convergence rates under suitable regularity assumptions. In addition, we develop a policy improvement algorithm based on linear backward stochastic differential equations and illustrate its performance through a simple numerical experiment for an American-style max call option

Jaimey M. Pauli, J. Repke

B. Pettit

A. Qaseem, V. Snow, J. Cross et al.

DESCRIPTION The American College of Physicians and American Academy of Family Physicians developed this guideline to present the available evidence on current pharmacologic treatment of dementia. METHODS The targeted literature search included evidence related to the effectiveness of 5 U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacologic therapies for dementia for outcomes in the domains of cognition, global function, behavior/mood, and quality of life/activities of daily living. RECOMMENDATION 1: Clinicians should base the decision to initiate a trial of therapy with a cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine on individualized assessment. (Grade: weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence.) RECOMMENDATION 2: Clinicians should base the choice of pharmacologic agents on tolerability, adverse effect profile, ease of use, and cost of medication. The evidence is insufficient to compare the effectiveness of different pharmacologic agents for the treatment of dementia. (Grade: weak recommendation, low-quality evidence.) RECOMMENDATION 3: There is an urgent need for further research on the clinical effectiveness of pharmacologic management of dementia.

Jakub Waszczyński, Wojciech Kulej, Wiktor Biesiada et al.

Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a critical global health issue due to its rising prevalence and severe complications, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and neuropathies, which reduce quality of life and increase mortality risk. While metformin remains a cornerstone of treatment, incretin-based therapies like GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors provide additional benefits, including glycemic control, weight management, and organ protection, making them essential in personalized care. Aim of the Study This study evaluates the mechanisms, efficacy, and benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risk, managing weight, and protecting renal function. Materials and Methods Data was sourced from recent clinical trials and literature (post-2020) from PubMed, Google Scholar, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Nature, American Diabetes Association, Research Gate. Results GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrated significant benefits, including a 27% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a 32% decrease in kidney disease progression, and notable weight loss (e.g., 15.2% with semaglutide). These drugs also improved glycemic and metabolic parameters, though initial gastrointestinal side effects were common but temporary. DPP-4 inhibitors showed nephroprotective effects, reducing albuminuria and slowing eGFR decline, and were associated with a lower hypoglycemia risk compared to sulfonylureas, particularly in advanced CKD. While less effective in weight management, they offered a weight-neutral option for patients with mild hyperglycemia or advanced CKD. GLP-1 receptor agonists are ideal for high-risk or obese patients due to their strong glycemic and weight benefits, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors are safer for those with advanced CKD.

Maria Alexandra Rosca, Olivier La Charité-Harbec, Jeanne-Marie Allard et al.

Violence in psychiatric settings presents a significant risk to patients, staff, and society at large. With over 400 risk assessment tools available globally, their applications and the risks they assess vary, allowing for diverse use in different situations. This scoping review investigated the risk management tools utilized in North America’s forensic psychiatry and acute psychiatric units, aiming to identify which ones are mainly used. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases, following PRISMA Guidelines, covering the literature from their inception date until 2023. Criteria for study inclusion required a focus on risk management tool use in forensic or acute psychiatric settings, originality (original studies, case reports, or systematic reviews), and a North American context. Out of 3059 identified studies, 40 were thoroughly analyzed. Commonly used risk assessment scales include HARM-FV, eHARM-FV, HCR-20, PCL-R, START, BVC, and DASA, with their reliability varying by the clinical context and the assessed population. The review highlights the heterogeneous application of static and dynamic scales across clinical settings, underscoring a need for more precise tools to improve risk assessments in forensic psychiatry, signaling a call for the development and validation of more sophisticated assessment instruments.

Teodor STAN

This implemented pilot study articulates a comprehensive framework for “research, action, and training” designed to enhance migrants’ resilience through interventions assisted by diaspora community organizations. Drawing from both social psychology and political science, this research synthesizes the existing literature on assisted resilience, placing particular emphasis on the creation of autobiographical narratives as tools for bolstering cultural identity and self-actualization during the migrant integration process. By employing autobiographic qualitative interviews framed within a family intergenerational dialogue this investigation interrogates cultural identity transformation and resilience mechanisms, delineating protective factors that facilitate migrant integration, with a specific focus on the Romanian American diaspora in Minnesota. The discussions elucidate themes of cultural shock, the interplay between assimilation and integration, language acquisition as a vehicle for cultural retention, and the multifaceted nature of belonging within host societies. Participants' reflections on the complexities of acculturation underscore how familial dialogues can shape perceptions of belonging and construct identity narratives that serve immediate contextual needs. The findings advocate for community-based historiography projects that leverage narrative methodologies to foster resilience, combat social marginalization, and enhance civic engagement. This article emphasizes the critical importance of culturally sensitive mechanisms in promoting narrative construction to strengthen familial bonds and establish supportive diaspora networks in increasingly polarized host societies.

Victoria Yu. Popova

The paper dwells on the contacts of the Cuban poet Nicolás Guillén with the Soviet writer Ilya Ehrenburg. They first became acquainted in 1937 and met again in 1949 in Moscow, the same year their correspondence began, which lasted until Ehrenburg’s death in 1967. Guillén shared his personal and creative plans with his Soviet correspondent, described his work on the collection La Paloma de Vuelo Popular (1951–1954, published 1958), sent new poems to Moscow, and discussed upcoming trips to the Soviet Union. Ilya Ehrenburg was among the first translators of Guillén’s poems into Russian, wrote the preface to the first Soviet edition of Guillén’s poetry (Stikhi, 1952), and helped bring the Cuban author’s works to the USSR. Although, following the Cuban Revolution, the number of Soviet-Cuban contacts increased and Guillén repeatedly invited his Soviet friend to visit the “Island of Freedom,” Ehrenburg never managed to travel there.

Mahshid Mayar

A predominantly twenty-first-century, textual-visual practice in othering and versioning documents, erasure (arts and poetry) is the outcome of a variety of disruptive techniques such as black-out, white-out, or strike-through of segments of the "pre-text," text-that-is-already-there. Erasure thus bridges and separates the "original" (however we may define and understand the term) to and from the subsequent versions of the original that are erased out of it by the same or subsequent authors. A study of two single works of erasure by Niina Pollari and Jenny Holzer in order to showcase some of the ways creative works of erasure "version" documents and "splinter" archives, this essay examines erasure poetry and arts as a creative activist response to the documental crises of US empire in the present century.

Michael Hinds

This essay seeks to stress the importance of the American poet Walt Whitman to Gilles Deleuze, using how love is variously explored to think about their methods in relationality. I firstly consider how many classic responses to Whitman express division regarding his work. This is indicated by how D.H. Lawrence stresses the satisfactions and exhilarations of reading Whitman but also refers to the sense of embarrassment and shame which readers might experience on doing so, not least because of Whitman’s own apparent shamelessness. For Lawrence, this is exemplified by Whitman’s proclamation that he “aches with amorous love”, as if he were a Deleuzian desiring machine existing only to ache and nothing but. Yet there is no such embarrassment detectable in Deleuze’s responses to Whitman’s work, and his responses are characterized by their insistence that Whitman always insists upon a dimension to experience beyond such conventional desires. He is more than a poet of the body with organs, which in turn enables an understanding of his work as an anticipation of Deleuze and Guattari’s body without organs as it was first expounded in <i>Anti-Oedipus</i>. To explore this further, direct and indirect correspondences between Deleuze and Whitman are explored, with particular attention to a range of poems from the 1855 <i>Leaves of Grass</i>. These readings show that if there is a conceptual relationship in their work, their style and syntax are also a way in which they relate thought and action. To triangulate the consideration of the varieties of love that are manifest in Deleuze and Whitman, I use Hannah Stark’s essay on Deleuze and love, showing how different aspects of Deleuze’s writing and thought either consciously or unconsciously relate to the American poet. I reflect upon Deleuze’s claim in his essay on the poet that Whitman’s sustained advocacy of “comradely love” represents a practice of radical relationality, and that this also offers a sense of social and political transformability that is key to both. To provide a final shape to this discussion, I refer to Fredric Jameson’s posthumously published seminars on Deleuze, in which he gives particular attention to the philosopher’s particular interest in American literature. Ultimately, the essay finds that Whitman is given a unique status in Deleuze, one which even threatens to jeopardize his own philosophical system, and that the reason for this may well be love.

Alex Xiaoqin Yan, Honglin Bao, Tom R. Leppard et al.

This study investigates the social dynamics of knowledge production in American sociology. Departing from traditional approaches focused on citations, co-authorship, and faculty hiring, we introduce a method capturing the dynamics of networks inferred from text to explore which ideas gain traction (a.k.a vogue). Drawing on sociology doctoral dissertations and journal abstracts, we trace the movement of word pairs between peripheral and core semantic networks to uncover dominant themes and methodological trajectories. Our findings demonstrate that regional location and institutional prestige play critical roles in shaping the production and adoption of research trends across 114 sociology PhD-granting institutions in the United States. We show that applied research topics, such as crime and health, despite being perceived as less prestigious than theoretically oriented subjects, serve as the primary driving force behind the emergence and diffusion of trends within the discipline. This work sheds light on the institutional mechanisms that govern knowledge production, demonstrating that sociology's intellectual landscape is not dictated by simple top-down diffusion from elite institutions but is instead structured by the contextual and institutional factors that facilitate specialization and segmentation.