Hasil untuk "Agriculture"

Harriet Friedma, P. McMichael

N. Idaikkadar

P. Hazell, R. Norton

V. Römheld, E. Kirkby

T. Howell

N. Fedoroff, D. Battisti, R. Beachy et al.

Population growth, arable land and fresh water limits, and climate change have profound implications for the ability of agriculture to meet this century’s demands for food, feed, fiber, and fuel while reducing the environmental impact of their production. Success depends on the acceptance and use of contemporary molecular techniques, as well as the increasing development of farming systems that use saline water and integrate nutrient flows.

I. Perfecto, J. Vandermeer

W. Cline

H. Willer, M. Yussefi, A. Sahota et al.

J. Rockström, Louise Karlberg, S. Wani et al.

M. Aizen, L. Garibaldi, S. Cunningham et al.

S. Lovell

Urban agriculture offers an alternative land use for integrating multiple functions in densely populated areas. While urban agriculture has historically been an important element of cities in many developing countries, recent concerns about economic and food security have resulted in a growing movement to produce food in cities of developed countries including the United States. In these regions, urban agriculture offers a new frontier for land use planners and landscape designers to become involved in the development and transformation of cities to support community farms, allotment gardens, rooftop gardening, edible landscaping, urban forests, and other productive features of the urban environment. Despite the growing interest in urban agriculture, urban planners and landscape designers are often ill-equipped to integrate food-systems thinking into future plans for cities. The challenge (and opportunity) is to design urban agriculture spaces to be multifunctional, matching the specific needs and preferences of local residents, while also protecting the environment. This paper provides a review of the literature on urban agriculture as it applies to land use planning in the United States. The background includes a brief historical perspective of urban agriculture around the world, as well as more recent examples in the United States. Land use applications are considered for multiple scales, from efforts that consider an entire city, to those that impact a single building or garden. Barriers and constraints to urban agriculture are discussed, followed by research opportunities and methodological approaches that might be used to address them. This work has implications for urban planners, landscape designers, and extension agents, as opportunities to integrate urban agriculture into the fabric of our cities expand.

M. Rai, A. Ingle

S. Gliessman

M. Zeder

S. Vermeulen, P. Aggarwal, A. Ainslie et al.

A. Salami, A. Kamara, Zuzana Brixiová

Tumaini Nyamhanga, Veronica Masawe

Abstract Barriers to dog vaccination in Tanzania in general, and in Kilosa District in particular, are not well understood. Therefore, this study sought to address the following research question: What are the multilevel barriers to the vaccination of dogs against rabies in Kilosa District? Guided by a socioecological model, the study explored the barriers to dog vaccination at multiple levels within the Kilosa District context. A case study design employing a qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews to investigate contextual barriers to dog vaccination. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results are organized according to the levels of the socioecological model. At the individual level, barriers include limited literacy about rabies and dog rabies vaccination; low perceived risk of rabies transmission; low prioritization of dog vaccination in household financial decisions; and uncertainty regarding the cost of dog vaccination. At the organizational/health system level, barriers include fragmented provision of rabies-related health education, reactive rather than proactive sensitization efforts, and limited communication channels, primarily relying on loudspeaker announcements. At the community level, barriers include misconceptions about protection against rabies and mistrust in political leadership. In conclusion, Rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District is constrained by multilevel barriers. Individually, limited knowledge, low risk perception, and financial uncertainty reduce prioritization of dog vaccination. Organizational barriers include fragmented health education, weak cross-sector coordination, and reactive communication. At the community level, logistical challenges, absence of By-Laws, persistent misconceptions, and political mistrust further limit vaccination coverage.

Hyeonji Choe, Vimalraj Kantharaj, Hadjer Chohra et al.

Dhara P. Sachdev, S. Cameotra

Agricultural productivity to meet growing demands of human population is a matter of great concern for all countries. Use of green compounds to achieve the sustainable agriculture is the present necessity. This review highlights the enormous use of harsh surfactants in agricultural soil and agrochemical industries. Biosurfactants which are reported to be produced by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can serve as green surfactants. Biosurfactants are considered to be less toxic and eco-friendly and thus several types of biosurfactants have the potential to be commercially produced for extensive applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. The biosurfactants synthesized by environmental isolates also has promising role in the agricultural industry. Many rhizosphere and plant associated microbes produce biosurfactant; these biomolecules play vital role in motility, signaling, and biofilm formation, indicating that biosurfactant governs plant–microbe interaction. In agriculture, biosurfactants can be used for plant pathogen elimination and for increasing the bioavailability of nutrient for beneficial plant associated microbes. Biosurfactants can widely be applied for improving the agricultural soil quality by soil remediation. These biomolecules can replace the harsh surfactant presently being used in million dollar pesticide industries. Thus, exploring biosurfactants from environmental isolates for investigating their potential role in plant growth promotion and other related agricultural applications warrants details research. Conventional methods are followed for screening the microbial population for production of biosurfactant. However, molecular methods are fewer in reaching biosurfactants from diverse microbial population and there is need to explore novel biosurfactant from uncultured microbes in soil biosphere by using advanced methodologies like functional metagenomics.