This study is important because it provides a different understanding of Henri Lefebvre’s concept of the production of space, particularly in Kampung Bekelir, Tangerang City, where negotiation rather than domination becomes more apparent. The development process of Kampung Bekelir involved various actors, including NGOs, the city government, residents, and the private sector. A qualitative approach was employed in this research, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, literature reviews, and official government documents. The findings reveal that Lefebvre’s concepts of abstract and social space occur simultaneously during the kampung development process. Abstract space is represented by external actors, such as the Public Policy NGO and the city government, who bring ideas and resources. However, instead of the usual contestation or domination associated with abstract space, the development process was marked by negotiation emphasizing the alignment of abstract space actors with social space. This collaboration illustrates a more participatory and bottom-up approach to development. In addition to supporting the local government’s RPJMD program and city branding efforts, the development of Kampung Bekelir also improved the kampung’s image and boosted residents’ economic conditions. This study demonstrates that abstract space does not always oppress social space, rather, it can synergize under certain contexts through equitable collaboration. The research contributes to the understanding of urban space production based on multi-actor collaboration in urban areas.
Building sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with urban walkability emerging as a basic urban planning strategy to create more livable cities. This study aimed to identify and summarize the drivers of urban walkability, ultimately contributing to the livable city’s agenda by influencing the perception of both the community and policymakers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria, along with the eye-balling method, were employed to identify and evaluate key research papers on urban walkability. A total of 45 drivers were identified and grouped into four categories: socio-demographic, eco-infrastructural, biophysical, and policy and planning- based on thematic similarities, suitable in serving as a framework to strengthen sector-based actions and collaborations vital especially to developing regions. The findings also indicated that leveraging the drivers can improve societal and policymakers perception, attitude, and technical capacity, fostering sustainable actions toward urban walkability. For effective and sustainable actions, the framework should be tailored and used in developing countries based on their context. Moreover, the classification framework on urban walkability drivers provides a strong foundation for future research in developing nations aiming to create livable cities.
Environmental sciences, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
PurposeInformal migrant workers and street vendors have long been recognized as vulnerable groups in urban areas of Global South countries. However, limited studies exist on the economic challenges faced by migrant street vendors during crises. We aim to address this gap by shedding light on their livelihood and welfare losses during a public health crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses descriptive and qualitative analyzes to triangulate the results. Data are derived from surveys and in-depth interviews with migrant street vendors in the two biggest cities in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe street vendors experienced significant business loss and consumption reduction during social distancing as well as encountered difficulties in recovering their businesses in the “new normal.” These adverse consequences were also found to disproportionately affect women vendors. Additionally, despite adopting various strategies and mitigation mechanisms to sustain their businesses and consumption, these efforts proved insufficient.Social implicationsThis research underscores the importance of short-term and long-term urban policies aimed at supporting and promoting the social inclusion of street vendors, particularly migrant and women vendors.Originality/valueThis research represents one of the early attempts to explore the adverse effects of a public health crisis on migrant street vendors and to examine whether the crisis disproportionately affected vendors from different genders and educational backgrounds. It also examines their business recovery in the “new normal.”
This article investigates how socio-cultural factors impact the quality of public open spaces (POS) in Almaty. The study's relevance lies in the significant role public spaces play in local and citywide contexts, as well as in architectural and urban planning policies. Jan Gehl highlighted how urban environments and planning decisions shape city behaviour, emphasizing the global importance of urban space development. Jacobs developed methods to model social interactions with a focus on environmental safety, while Campbell explored social boundaries, and Lynch and Jacobs examined the socio-cultural aspects influencing POS formation. The research employs an interdisciplinary methodology, analysing Almaty's socio-cultural context, POS design, and functioning. Surveys among residents were conducted to gauge their perceptions of these spaces. The study spans urban planning, sociology, cultural studies, and landscape architecture, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, including photo documentation, sociological research, and mathematical modelling of selected POS sites. The findings reveal that the quality of POS in Almaty is influenced by their appeal to social groups, the availability of cultural events, and the levels of safety and comfort. These factors are crucial for creating inviting and functional public spaces. The study's results aim to guide future improvements in open public spaces, not only in Kazakhstan but also in other developing countries. В статье исследуется влияние социокультурных аспектов на качество открытых общественных пространств (ООП) Алматы, описываются социальные и культурные факторы, формирующие их. Актуальность исследования обусловлена ролью общественных пространств как на локальном и общегородском уровнях, так и в архитектурно-градостроительной политике, а также ее выходом на ведущие позиции. Ян Гейл подчеркивал, что городская среда и планировочные решения влияют на поведение и функционирование города, что подчеркивает глобальное значение развития городских пространств. Методики моделирования социальных взаимодействий с учетом безопасности среды разработаны Джейкобсом. Кемпбелл изучал социальные границы и дистанцию, а Линч и Джейкобс исследовали социокультурные аспекты формирования ООП. Методология исследования включала проведение анализа социокультурной ситуации в городе Алматы, изучение проектирования и функционирования открытых общественных пространств, а также опросы среди жителей города для выявления их мнения о качестве данных пространств и их использовании. Область исследования междисциплинарна и охватывает вопросы градостроительства, социологии, культурологии, ландшафтоведения, статистических данных и др. Цель исследования — выявить взаимосвязь между социокультурными аспектами и качеством ООП. Для достижения этой цели был проведен анализ текущей ситуации открытых озелененных пространств города Алматы, включающий фото-фиксацию, социологическое исследование, индикационные и количественные методы, методы математического моделирования. Анализ показал, что качество ООП в Алматы зависит от привлекательности для социальных групп, наличия культурных мероприятий, а также уровня безопасности и комфортности. Учет этих аспектов при проектировании и управлении ООП важен для создания комфортных и привлекательных мест. Результаты исследования будут способствовать будущему улучшению открытых общественных пространств в Казахстане и других развивающихся странах.
The presented article considers the problem of new digital threats. The study focuses on the main trends in the development of cybercrime in Russia and its specific country features. The authors' analysis of statistical data from various departments (the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Prosecutor General's Office, Roskomnadzor) on the state and structure of crime showed that cybercrime in Russia has increased significantly in recent years, especially in the field of telecommunications and computer information. The most common types of cybercrime in Russian society are identified and analysed - various types of fraud and theft committed using information and communication technologies. For the empirical basis of the study the data of an online survey of the urban working-age population (18-60 years old), conducted by employees of the Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behaviour of the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS using a multi-stage quota sample (March-May 2024) is used. The attitude of city residents to various types of digital crime was assessed. It was found that many respondents consider the probability of becoming a victim of cyber fraud to be high, especially with regard to the illegal use of personal data and hacking of email. It was found that the number of respondents who fear becoming a victim of cyber-crime increases with age. At the same time, these fears decrease in the oldest age groups. The level of education is also an important differentiating factor in relation to encountering cyber threats - the higher its level, the more often respondents have experience of encountering cyber crime. A survey of experts was conducted to identify the key features of cyber-crime in Russia. Specialists from various fields were involved in the examination - from deviant researchers to practitioners involved in information security and with experience in working with cyber-crime. Their forecast for the coming years is disappointing - a further increase in cyber-crime is expected, the complexity of the techniques used, including the use of artificial intelligence, and therefore the development of specialised security solutions is necessary. It is shown that the main factors in the growth of cybercrime in Russia are its dual nature, manifested in simultaneous organisational complexity and structure, on the one hand, and flexibility and adaptability, on the other. In addition, cybercrime exacerbates an important social problem - growing digital inequality. Thus, cyber-crime in Russia poses a serious threat that requires a comprehensive approach and coordinated efforts at all levels of society to effectively suppress it.
Razaz Waheeb Attar, Mohammad Habes, Ahlam Almusharraf
et al.
By using advanced technologies and data analytics, smart cities can establish conditions that are both inclusive and accessible, addressing the distinctive needs of disabled people. This research aims to examine the benefits of smart city technologies and develop strategies for developing environments that serve the requirements of individuals with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Using a sequential mixed method, the study uses the social disability model. The initial phase involves gathering quantitative data from 427 individuals with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Further, qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with a sample of four professionals employed in Saudi smart city initiatives. Quantitative data is analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), while qualitative data is analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative findings revealed the robustness of the measurement model, confirming the significant effects of Smart City Initiatives on Accessibility Enhancement, Inclusive Information, and Health and Wellbeing Improvement. The respondents indicated that they are satisfied with the initiatives and their effectiveness, providing them with equal services and opportunities without discrimination. The qualitative analysis further revealed themes, i.e., Technology Integration for Accessibility, Inclusive Design, Inclusive Planning for Health, and others. Participants indicated special consideration for implementing the designs and approaches to ensure inclusivity and availability of services to disabled people. Besides, implementing infrastructure and policies to ensure the health and wellbeing of disabled people also remained prevalent. Hence, it is concluded that smart city initiatives break obstacles and improve the wellbeing of individuals with disabilities. Improved healthcare services and inclusive urban planning highlight the transformative effect of these initiatives on health and wellbeing, promoting an equitable and sustainable services environment. Finally, research implications and limitations are discussed.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
<p>The article considers the problem of the relevance for the institute of mediation in Russia. Statistical data for the country concerning 2020 are presented and data for the Rostov region to the same period are analyzed. A comparative analysis is made with data for the same period in the Sverdlovsk region. The information and empirical base of the study consists of materials from: the website of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; the Association of Mediators of the Rostov region “Reconciliation”; “Reconciliation Rooms” in the Arbitration Court of the Sverdlovsk region. The methods of content analysis, statistical analysis, in-depth interviews, and a mass survey conducted among the employed population of the Rostov region aged 21 to 30 years were used. The study revealed: low awareness of respondents about the possibilities of using the mediation procedure, its structure and features; low level of modern mediation practice in the country. It is shown that in Russia today the courts are inundated with lawsuits, while mediation could well constructively solve many social problems. The necessity of creating favorable conditions for the development of mediation activity and its popularization is substantiated. The main reasons preventing the institution of mediation from becoming a popular activity among the population are identified: a low culture of conflict resolution, which in some cases leads to the avoidance of disputants from finding a suitable way to resolve it; a factor of insufficient confidence in the possibility of resolving a dispute involving a third party. It is concluded that the lack of trust is primarily due to insufficient awareness of the population about the essence of the mediation procedure, about the legal status of the mediation agreement, which in the case of notarization has the force of an executive document. The wider use of all types of media, the increase in online platforms with the location of mediation webinars conducted by experienced specialists in this field will help spread the practice of mediation and will contribute to its early institutionalization.</p>
Sociology (General), Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
The objective of this research is to find out how the determinants of market conduct monitoring contribute to fostering customer trust and security, supported by the mediating variable customer satisfaction index. The researcher used quantitative research methods from customers of financial service products in DKI Jakarta, then data analysis techniques used SMART PLS 4.0 application and CSI score calculations. The results of this research show that market conduct monitoring has a significant positive determination in increasing customer confidence by 50.2% and customer sense of security by 25.2%, and can be mediated by a customer satisfaction index of 31.4%.
Economics as a science, Regional economics. Space in economics
<p>Memorial architectural textures do not emerge in isolation; rather, they are shaped by a multitude of factors, both seen and unseen, that interconnect in a complex chain of causality. By meticulously tracing and contextualizing these factors, we can aspire to imbue them with a sense of immortality, embedding them within specific contexts and decoding their significance. This study endeavors to advance the understanding of contemporary Iranian monumental architecture through the lens of shape grammar, exploring how this grammar can inform the creation of new designs within this architectural tradition. By delving into the theoretical frameworks of memorial architecture and grammatical form, this article not only offers a framework for the perpetuation of this architectural heritage but also lays the groundwork for systematic evaluation. The objectives of this study are twofold: To perceive contemporary Iranian monumental architecture through the extraction of fundamental shapes within the grammar of form. To generate new designs that uphold the essence of contemporary Iranian monuments. This research adopts an applied approach, utilizing documentary-analytical methods as its primary research methodology. Both library and field methods have been employed for data collection. The process of data analysis involves identifying the grammar of form, which serves as a production system for generating new designs from basic shapes according to a set of rules. By applying this method to analyze six contemporary Iranian monuments, basic shapes are extracted, and a set of rules is formulated. Subsequently, new designs, infused with the essence of the selected monuments, are created. In conclusion, by employing the grammar technique of shape within the context of six contemporary monuments and devising an algorithm comprising a finite set of basic shapes and instructions, this study demonstrates the potential for generating an infinite array of design solutions.</p>
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Architecture
In September 2015, the State of Kuwait signed the UN’s 2030 Agenda, committing to all 17 of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which include the building of sustainable cities and communities through initiatives such as social housing. In response, the New Kuwait Vision 2035 has witnessed a shift in approach to the social housing paradigm at the state level. This paper examines the status of recent social housing projects in Jaber Al-Ahmed City, Kuwait, through a critical, evidence-based analysis of the decision-making processes and urban-architectural products that shaped its development. The mixed-methods data for this case study were generated via archival research and semi-structured interviews supplemented with field observations to evaluate the local and international sustainability agendas implemented in the city as process and product. Principles of Sustainable Urban Forms are implemented for the evaluation. The article also presents evidence of local urban practices (resident appropriation and participation), legitimized environmental practices, and community wellbeing. It concludes with recommendations for resolving issues in the current processes around the design and implementation of sustainable urban forms to inform future social housing developments. These recommendations for sustainable social housing in Kuwait provide an opportunity to revisit and reconsider the core values of sustainability while adding to the multiplicity of its definitions. Although recent social housing projects in Kuwait may demonstrate an overall effective process-to-product procedure as a means of architectural production that addresses the country’s housing demand, important aspects remain in question with regard to sustainable built environments.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
Climate change poses mounting risks to agricultural development and rural livelihoods in Nigeria. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on agricultural sector employment in Nigeria. Agriculture provides income and sustenance for much of Nigeria’s rural population. However, smallholder rain-fed farming predominates, with minimal resilience to climate shifts. Historical data reveal rising temperatures and declining, erratic rainfall across Nigeria’s agro-ecological zones since the 1970s. Crop modeling predicts further climate changes will reduce yields of key staple crops. This threatens the viability of smallholder agriculture and risks widespread job losses. The study adopts a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) modeling approach to evaluate climate change effects on agricultural sector employment in Nigeria from 1990 to 2020. Findings reveal reduced rainfall initially raises employment, as farming requires more labor in dry conditions. However, protracted droughts significantly reduce agricultural jobs. Increased temperatures consistently lower farm employment through reduced yields and incomes. Based on these findings, the study recommends that adaptive strategies are urgently needed to build resilience, promote climate-smart agriculture, and safeguard rural livelihoods.
Urbanization. City and country, Environmental sciences
Germán Héctor González , Elena V. Elena V. Sapir , Alexander D. Vasilchenko
Экономические изменения вследствие глобального финансового кризиса 2009 г., пандемии COVID-19, сбоев в цепочках поставок и других потрясений привели к радикальной трансформации производственного ландшафта. Возник вопрос относительно сравнительных преимуществ парадигм глобальных производственных сетей (ГПС) и глобальных цепочек создания стоимости (ГЦСС) в анализе международного производства. В связи с этим была проверена гипотеза, предполагающая, что концепция ГПС позволяет лучше идентифицировать сдвиги, возникающие в международных производственных структурах, при этом выявляются региональные модели сотрудничества. В первом разделе рассмотрены основные методологические ограничения концепции ГЦСС, а также изложены причины применения сетевого подхода к анализу международного производства. Для подтверждения теоретических предположений во втором разделе была исследована сфера автомобилестроения в Европейском союзе. При сравнении количественных инструментов ГПС и ГЦСС был достигнут возможный компромисс, заключающийся в расчете сетевых показателей (транзитивность, центральность и т. д.) с использованием межстрановых таблиц «затраты — выпуск». В результате исследования поставленная гипотеза была подтверждена. В частности, показатель центральности продемонстрировал положительный эффект от вступления в ЕС для Чехии и Словакии, тогда как ни один из индикаторов ГЦСС не показал подобных сдвигов. В то же время индикаторы ГЦСС отметили влияние кризиса 2008 г., тогда как сетевые показатели свидетельствуют об отсутствии структурных изменений в производственной системе в исследуемый период. Полученные данные подтверждают теоретическое сопоставление подходов ГПС и ГЦСС. Методологическое единство двух наборов показателей позволило шире взглянуть на европейскую региональную интеграцию ядра и периферии и динамику сетей автомобилестроения. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для переосмысления процессов региональной интеграции как в Европе, так и в Латинской Америке и Евразии.
Introduction. The study relevance is concerned with the complexity of urban space management issues, including a number of aspects: social, economic, urban planning proper, etc. The subject of analysis in this article is the role of social activity in managing the urban space. The purpose of the study is to identify the place and functions of the social activity within the framework of the efficient management of urban processes. The objectives of the study include: determining the parameters of the urban spatial characteristics, in terms of subject differences of various disciplines; analyzing approaches to managing the urban space; clarifying the role of the social activity in this management. Materials and methods. The study is based on an integrated approach that enables to consider the complex phenomenon of the urban space from different perspectives and, in relation to this complexity, determine the social aspects of urban space management. Results. Exploring the urban cultural space often involves interdisciplinarity. Urban space organization records the history of the city, its needs, and strategic development. A unique image of the city, formed by the relation between its streets, squares, embankments, its architecture. A significant contribution to the study of urban space was made by representatives of the urban sociology, within which the issues of urban development were associated with social transformations. The analysis of these transformations has started the urban sociology. Conclusions. Ways of developing urban spaces are set by the production practice and social relations, the complex social system and influence of social groups, the authority and corporate role. Not only establishing the theoretical and methodological basis for developing the urban space is necessary, but also educing their potential to consider the public opinion when determining the urban development and improvement.
The article summarizes the data of sociological surveys of young people, mainly aged 18– 24 years, held in the European sector of the Arctic zone of Russia (main cities of the Arkhangelsk region) in 2021 and 2022. Survey was aimed to identifi cation of indicators of the behavior and preferences of the target group in the information space, trust in various sources of information, as well as its personal values and political orientations in the context of Special Military Operation in Ukraine. It has been revealed that the main source of information is the Internet, while information of a political nature is not the main object of interest for urban youth. A constant decline in the youth audience of TV as a channel for obtaining information, as well as a consistently low level of trust in the official media, were noted. In terms of personal values, the basic traditional institutions such as labor, family, love, friendship still retain relevance for the urban youth of the Russian Arctic (in the case of Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk). The amount of income is significant, but not the only main motive that determines the choice of a job. In the special political and international conditions after February 2022, young citizens of the Russian Federation in Pomorie, for the most part, remain optimistic about the future development of Russia and trust in state institutions, prospects for relations with Western countries. In general, the data obtained do not create grounds for assessing the urban youth of the European sector of the Russian Arctic (in the case of Pomorye) as a source of negative social potential that threatens political stability in the macroregion.
Although more and more people choose to live in (large) cities, people in the Western world generally report lower levels of subjective well-being in urban areas than in rural areas. This article examines whether these urban–rural differences in subjective well-being are (partly) driven by selective migration patterns. To this end, we utilise residential mobility data from the United Kingdom based on 12 waves of the British Household Panel Survey. We explore urban–rural differences in life satisfaction as well as changes in life satisfaction of people moving from rural areas to urban areas (or vice versa), hereby paying specific attention to selection and composition effects. The results show that selective migration can, at least partly, explain the urban–rural subjective well-being differential through the selection of less satisfied people in cities and more satisfied people in the countryside. While the average life satisfaction of urban–rural migrants is higher compared to the life satisfaction of rural–urban migrants, we do not find – on average – long-lasting life satisfaction effects of migration. At the same time, there are differences between sociodemographic groups in that we find that a move from the countryside to the city is positively associated with the life satisfaction of students while it is negatively associated with the life satisfaction of people with a non-tertiary education.
El objetivo de este texto es un recorrido emocional en tiempos de pandemia a través de la narración de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. Se parte, en primer lugar, de la importancia de la narrativa como expresión social y práctica terapéutica. Así como, en segundo lugar, de la importancia de las emociones en momentos de amenazas, cambios e incertidumbres, y de su expresión que alivia. Con estas dos premisas se solicitaron relatos sobre los sentimientos vividos en el contexto de la pandemia en la primavera del año 2020. Se conjuga investigación con práctica social, se salva el distanciamiento físico y se propicia la introspección, reflexión y expresión emocional. Los resultados de este ejercicio escritural emocional, remarcan los beneficios de la narración, y se comprueba el clima emocional en tiempos de cambio, dominado por el miedo, el enojo y la tristeza, además del estrés, la ansiedad y la tensión, vividos por la situación de la alerta sanitaria y las medidas de confinamiento.
The family. Marriage. Woman, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Zoia S. Podoba, Victor A. Gorshkov, Anastasiya A. Ozerova
By empirically examining the commodity structure of Japan's exports in 2000–2020, the authors have identified product groups with increased, diminished, newly emerged, and lost revealed comparative advantages (RCA). In 2020, Japan had RCA in 24 product groups with relatively high levels of product complexity and thus managed to maintain its highly diversified trade portfolio. However, increasing global competition poses potential risks to Japan's exports. Eight product groups with diminished and two product groups with lost RCA are signs of Japan's unsuccessful adaptation to the structural changes on the world markets. The newly emerged RCA, predominantly in the chemicals and allied industries, still mostly have lower index values in comparison to major trade partners, however, their contribution to Japan's exports is likely to expand. To enhance its comparative advantages, Japan should foster innovation which may positively affect national competitiveness but this depends on how the country will adapt to domestic and global challenges.
Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the topical problem of qualitative accounting of socio-psychological conditions of human life in residential architecture, namely in the policy of forming the urban environment. The task of this study can be realized by analyzing the regulatory framework, namely, strategies for the socio-economic and spatial development of cities in parts related to housing construction, housing and communal policy, general planning and territorial principles of city development. Systematization and comparison of this information made it possible to single out the factors influencing the formation of design solutions and development in the city. Another important link in this study is the systematization of factors influencing the solution of the problems of forming a living environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of socio-psychological requirements for environmental comfort in the context of housing policy in large cities. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formed: to streamline the system of socio-psychological factors and methods of their accounting in substantiating the housing policy of urban space; to analyze the socio-economic and spatial development strategies of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years and sectoral documents of the architectural and construction sector and housing policy; to highlight the factors that underlie the formation of housing policy in Ivano-Frankivsk, to develop recommendations for taking into account the psychological aspects of society in the formation of housing policy in cities. The materials of this study are the aging of the socio-economic and spatial development of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years, as well as industry documents where the prospects for the development of the housing industry and housing policy are formed. The source base of the study to characterize the factors influencing the formation of the city's residential policy are scientific works on psychology, sociology, architectural sociology and public administration. The main research methods of this article are the method of factorial comparison. The methods of group comparison, and the graphical-analytical method of creating a structural model of factors and determining the place, as well as the role of socio-psychological factors in this model, were also used.
Salvatore J. Restifo, Vincent J. Roscigno, Lora A. Phillips
The sociological literature, although rich on the topic of racial/ethnic hierarchy, often overlooks its spatially varying nature relative to group tensions and inequality. In this article, we address this gap by drawing on and analyzing four historically important U.S. urban cases (i.e., Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City) that reflect both compositional diversity and significant variation in racial/ethnic group sizes. Our analyses, which draw on U.S. Census microdata and content–coded newspaper reports (1910–1930), demonstrate considerable consistency in racial/ethnic labor market hierarchies, yet divergences in levels of labor market inequality. Specifically, our aggregate analyses and cross–city comparisons of sectoral representations and occupational returns reveal the importance of place–specific processes—processes consistent with what spatially sensitive queuing perspectives suggest about the bolstering of minority prospects in contexts where subordinated groups come to numerically dominate. As suggested by competition/threat perspectives, however, such gains from queuing are undermined at least to some extent by city–specific racial/ethnic antagonisms, industry–level segregation, and group closure. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for various streams of research on group inequality, labor market hierarchies, and spatial understandings of how they unfold across urban spaces.