Marije L. Hester, Natascha M. van der Velden, Joost G. Vogtländer
The purpose of this research is to reduce the environmental burden of textiles, specifically focusing on the production of Merino woollen jumpers. The study addresses two techniques to lessen the environmental burden: (1) recycling of wool garments by shredding or unravelling and (2) preventing the overstocking of products through on-demand knitting. The environmental burden is measured via LCA using Idemat. The results are reported in terms of eco-costs (EUR) and carbon footprint (kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e). A cradle-to-gate analysis of recycling by either shredding or unravelling is compared with the use of virgin wool. The results are: EUR 3.53 in eco-costs and 21.93 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e as the carbon footprint for a virgin wool jumper to EUR 0.31 eco-costs and 1.56 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e for a recycled wool jumper and EUR 0.19 eco-costs and 0.89 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e for an unravelled wool jumper. Additionally, a cradle-to-grave calculation per wear was made, resulting in: EUR 0.045 and 0.278 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e, EUR 0.004 and 0.020 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e, and EUR 0.002 and 0.011 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-e, respectively. A revenue-normalized comparison between on-demand knitting and mass production based on the eco-costs/value ratio (EVR) shows a 44% higher environmental impact for a mass production system.
Natural fiber-reinforced biogenic polymer composites have been promising materials for packaging, furniture, and other applications due to their environmentally friendly and cost-effective characteristics. However, certain properties, including mechanical properties, still need to be improved. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) was modified with a range of epoxy soybean oil (ESO) concentrations, and straw fibers were added to the plasticized PLA. The functional groups of various compositions were investigated via FTIR and the effects of SF and ESO on the impact, flexural, and tensile intensities were evaluated. The composites’ thermal stability performance was examined via TG and DSC analysis. The results showed that chemical bonds were formed between PLA and ESO, with the possibility of H-bonding between the -OH group on the molecular chains of SF and PLA and the ethylene oxide group of ESO. The mechanical intensity of material can be enhanced after adding a small amount of ESO (< 4%), while the SF addition has the opposite result. The addition of both ESO and straw fibers decreased the thermal transition temperature (Tg, Tc, and Tm) and the degree of PLA crystallinity. Meanwhile, SF was beneficial for improving the thermal decomposition temperature.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Yazid Chetbani, Messaouda Boumaaza, Rebih Zaitri
et al.
This study aims to optimize the mechanical and rheological properties of cementitious mortar by incorporating hemp fibers (HF) and brick waste powder (BWP), with the goal of developing a more sustainable and eco-friendly construction material. Using response surface methodology (RSM), different proportions of HF (0, 0.25, 0.5%) and BWP (0, 10, 20%) were tested to optimize flowability, compressive and flexural strength. The experimental results indicate that the optimal composition, 0.25% HF and 10% BWP, significantly enhances mechanical performance while maintaining workability. Furthermore, the outcomes show that adding 10% BWP and around 0.5% HF considerably reduced the rheological characteristics, as seen by a longer flow time in comparison to other combinations. The ideal cement substitution rates, as determined by RSM, were 11.46% of BWP and 0.31% of HF. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using natural fibers and recycled materials in eco-friendly mortars, offering a sustainable alternative for construction. The predictive accuracy of the RSM model was validated through experimental verification, with results deviating by less than 5%. These findings contribute to the advancement of green building materials and sustainable construction practices.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Sakorn Chonsakorn, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai
et al.
The goal of the study is to investigate the ideal mix ratio for yarn spinning in the production of industrial textiles, taking into account the physical properties of water-hyacinth-based fabric and yarn. Cotton, polyester, and water hyacinth had a weft yarn mix ratio of 20:25:55. The completed piece demonstrates the unique dark colour and fibre properties of the Water Hyacinth yarn. There are two distinct construction types in the cloth. In plain weaving, ply yarn is used to create the woven structure by reinforcing the weft strand structure. The unique twill fabric was developed to take the place of several natural fabric types that are now available on the market. The warp-to-weft thread ratio is tightly displayed.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Large hollow seamless plastic products can be easily molded by rotational molding process. A determined thermal stability along with a broad processing window is some requisite variant requirement of resin needed to be incorporated for this technique. Though Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) satisfies such requirements, but it deliberately depicts deficiency in application where structural strength is an essential specification. Numerous additives and reinforcements have been evinced to satiate this void. The present study investigates the effect of Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) and Jute as an additive with LLDPE in order to ensure requisite processibility and improvised mechanical properties and even assessing the underlying mechanism to observe the fiber dispersion for rotational molding process. Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FTIR) and Melt Flow Index (MFI) tests were considered to verify the roto moldability for the prepared bio composites in distinguished concentrations. The results obtained were then characterized mechanically based on tensile and impact strength. Thermal Stability viz. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was also investigated to divulge the crystallinity impact of SCB and Jute with LLDPE when compared with pure matrix. Experiments revealed 5% of fiber addition manifested an improvised effect considering roto moldability and mechanical properties of end product.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
Abstract This study investigates how livestream fashion shopping is associated with brick-and-mortar shopping, focusing on product uncertainty, and examines livestreaming’s role in reducing product uncertainty and promoting consumers’ purchase intention by adopting the Uncertainty reduction theory (URT). The study identifies the three product information sources (i.e., product demonstration, interaction with the seller, and other viewers’ reviews) that consumers use in livestream shopping via uncertainty-reducing strategies. PLS results (n = 292) indicate that consumers who rely on salespeople’s assistance as a product information source in brick-and-mortar shopping showed a positive perception of the two product information sources—interaction with the seller and other viewers’ reviews—in livestream shopping. The seller’s product demonstration played a significant role in reducing product uncertainty and subsequently affected purchase intention, while the other two information sources (i.e., interaction with the seller and other viewers’ reviews) affected the purchase intention directly. The findings extend the URT to improve our understanding of consumer information attainment in the livestream shopping context and exemplify a promising future for livestream fashion shopping by investigating its features that can potentially substitute for the brick-and-mortar shopping experience. Future studies can include motivational factors (i.e., service and/or technical barriers) in the model.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Social Sciences
Textile fibers have become a major issue in the debate on sustainable fashion and clothing consumption. While consumers are encouraged to choose more sustainable and circular textile materials, studies have indicated that a reduction in production and consumption has the greatest potential to reduce the total environmental impact. This can be considered an ecocentric perspective with a focus on degrowth as opposed to a technocentric view where new technologies are expected to solve environmental problems while economic growth continues. Based on a survey in Norway (N = 1284), we investigate how the techno- and ecocentric perspectives impact Norwegian consumers’ fiber preferences and perceptions and the corresponding effects on their clothing consumption. We found that the majority of consumers preferred natural fibers compared to synthetic materials. This contradicts current market practices and the recommendations by material sustainability comparison tools such as the Higg Material Sustainability Index (MSI), where many synthetics receive better ratings than natural fibers. We also found that perceptions of high sustainability regarding fibers were negatively correlated with reduced consumption. Our study suggests that a continued focus on material substitution and other technological measures for reducing climate change will impede the move toward sustainability in the textile sector.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
As constant yarn feeding tension is essential in the formation of uniform stitches, the lack of a monitoring system in a circular weft knitting machine capable of measuring the uniformity of the yarn feeding speed in different driven belts and comparing the feeding rate during the knitting process has led to the use of experimental methods which are dependent on skilled operators. Additionally, in the case of any defects, the equalisation is done by the operator using the trial-and-error method, which consequently increases the risk of human error. Considering the importance of a uniform adjustment of yarn feeding speed on the quality of final fabrics, a monitoring system for measuring and reporting yarn feeding speed was designed. Following its installation on a circular weft knitting machine, the performance of the system in an industrial environment was evaluated. A comparison with the traditional system proved the functionality of the designed automation process. The current study highlights the characteristics of an appropriate sensor, the applicable installation place and direct data reception without intermediaries.
Ganesan Karuppiah, Kailasanathan Chidambara Kuttalam, Nadir Ayrilmis
et al.
The wear performance of jute/coir unsaturated polyester composites, filled with eggshell powder (ESP) and nanoclay (NC), were examined, concentrating on two measured parameters, coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate (WR). To assess the possibilities of this material, a Taguchi study, based on grey relational analysis (GRA), was carried out, based on three testing parameters of the wear performance, load (10, 20, and 30 N), speed (100, 150, and 200 rpm), and sliding distance (30, 40, and 50 m). The material showed promising characteristics especially at high load, low speed, and high sliding distance. When comparing the respective influence of the three different parameters, the speed proved to be the most critical, this suggested the possible application of the biocomposite only for very low values of it. On the other hand, it was also elucidated that the presence and interfacial adhesion of the two fillers considerably hindered the formation of ploughing during wear test, despite the fact that degradation might be continuous and critical as far as loading progresses.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
The presented analysis concerns the problem of irregularity in the mass distribution in linear textile products, its impact on the quality of flat products, and the methods of assessment. Based on the model of the ideal fiber stream, the purpose of the spectrogram has been justified, the characteristic form of the spectrogram for the yarn, roving, and sliver has been presented, and the impact of spinning machines on the form of the spectrogram has been described. The paper evaluates also the selected aspects of spectral analysis of the yarn and spinning semi-finished product irregularities.
Robert Nafz, Caroline Schinle, Christian Kaiser
et al.
New digital technologies, the internet age, and ever-increasing customer expectations are changing industries worldwide. Companies in the apparel industry must digitally transform to remain competitive. Traditional approaches will no longer work in the face of change because digital transformation is inevitable, irreversible, enormously fast, and unfortunately marked by challenges in implementation and uncertainties in execution. However, it also brings many benefits for which it is worth striving for the complete digitization of the value chain. This research paper aims to clarify the benefits and challenges companies face in digital transformation. For this purpose, it shows a report on the current state of digitalization in the apparel industry. The article ends with an approach on the implementation of digitization in the apparel companies.
Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., Engineering machinery, tools, and implements
Carlos Eduardo Gouveia Guedes, Dhimitrius Neves Paraguassú Smith de Oliveira, Jefferson Bezerra Bezerra
et al.
Recent investigations proposed alternatives for utilization of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit wastes, seeds, and lignocellulosic fibers. However, Açaí leaves may also be obtained without harvesting the palms and could be used in higher value-added products. Alkali reaction (1% and 5% of NaOH), different temperatures (70°C, 80°C, and 100°C), and bleaching were combined to produce fibres from the Açaí leaves. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry were used to evaluate the effect of treatments on fibers, whereas X-ray diffraction and calorimetry were employed to characterize Portland cement pastes containing fibers. Results indicated that Açaí leaves could be transformed into short-length fibers with improved degrading temperature. Alkali treatment at 5% sodium hydroxide (90°C) and bleaching increased fibers’ crystallinity and showed efficiency in removing non-cellulosic components. Cement paste evaluation also indicated that fibers treated at 5% NaOH solution caused fewer changes in calorimetric profile and therefore present a greater potential for cement-based composites.
Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
FTIR and ATR-FTIR techniques have been used for the determination of different functional groups present in the sludge from common effluent treatment plant (CETP) before and after adsorption. Sludge is activated at 200oC for 1 hour and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Brilliant Green, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet dyes from aqueous solution. FTIR spectra of the sludge (CETP) before and after adsorption have been compared in the wave number range 400-4000 cm-1. FTIR studies show the presence of major functional groups OH, NH, COOH, C=C which may act as a possible active site for adsorption and structural changes which occur after activation and adsorption of dyes. Our studies show that the sludge contains monosaccharides, peptides, proteins and fats. Keyword: FTIR, ATR-FTIR, adsorbent, sludge, Dyes. INTRODUCTION The degradation of the environment due to the discharge of polluting wastewater from industrial sources poses a real problem in several countries. Textile industries discharge large volume of wastewater into the environment. The wastewater contains a variety of chemicals from various stages of process operations, including bleaching and dyeing. Most of the dyes present in wastewater are toxic and cause allergic dermatitis, skin irritation, cancer and mutation in humans [1-3]. Brilliant green, malachite green and crystal violet dyes are soluble in water and mainly used in textile industries for dying cotton, wool, silk, jute, leather, paper, nylon, in manufacture of printing inks and also the biological stain, a dermatological agent in veterinary medicine [4-5]. Therefore, removal of these dyes from water and wastewater is of great importance. So many efficient methods like physical, chemical and biological are employed for decolorization of textile wastewater. Biodegradation of reactive dyes have been reported using biological methods by treatment with algae, fungi and bacteria. Sewage sludge is a slurry or semi solid waste generated as by-product in sewage treatment. Further treatments of sewage sludge are performed before disposal or application to land [6-7]. In this paper, we have activated sewage sludge into suitable adsorbent and used it for the removal of Brilliant Green, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet dyes from aqueous solution. FTIR Transmittance and Attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) techniques have been employed to determine the functional groups present in sewage sludge samples before and after adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution [8-15].
Richard Acquaye, Deborah Kusi Appiah, Adelaide Oboshie Sai
This project extracted coconut fibres via low technology processes and converted the fibres into useful hand-made functional Adinkra themed wall hangings. Some of the major properties (chemical and physical) and application of the coir fibres are utilised and discussed in the process. The Adinkra wall hangings include symbols such as Anansi Ntontan, Boa Me Na Me Mmoa Wo, Gye Nyame, Mate Masie, Nkyinkyim and Nsaa. This project is one of many that is seeking to address the problem of managing coconut husk and for that matter other natural by-products and waste in Ghana. Coconuts abound from the coast through the forest regions to the middle belt of the country. Coconut juice sellers and coconut oil producers are known for dumping coconut shells and husks at unauthorized places after close of business or production each day. Even though coconut husks are biodegradable, if not properly disposed they contribute to the waste problem in many prime areas in Ghana. This is so because solid waste management in Ghana is a huge challenge affecting the lives of every ordinary person of the country as well as the environment. This project conjectures that there is a huge economic potential of coconut and its waste products which has remained largely untapped in Ghana. The potential of the coconut crop has been grossly under-utilized in Ghana, hence there is the need to research and explore the many potentials of coconut fibres that includes utilitarian products. In this study, coir fibres are mixed with glue as binders to produce elevated wall hangings for decoration.
This article focuses on developing a methodology which can be used to estimate the concentration of dyestuff released from textiles during domestic laundering, so that further studies involving decolorization of the wastewater from domestic washing machine can be conducted in an attempt to develop eco-friendly domestic washing processes. Due to the complexity of the problem, an approach was adopted so that, as an initial step, synthetic red and blue reactive dye solutions were prepared as representative wastewater solutions using Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue 19 dyestuffs for the estimation of dye concentration. This was followed by an experimental work consisting of washing tests involving the calculation of dye concentration in the wastewater obtained from domestic washing machine as well as tergotometer as a machine simulator. For this part of the work, dyed cotton plain jersey fabric samples were used to obtain wastewater solutions. All the dye solutions and the wastewater samples were measured with VIS spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorbance values were obtained at relevant wavelengths. Although the characteristics of absorbance spectra of synthetic and wastewater solutions were very different, the maximum absorbance values of both solutions overlapped at relevant wavelengths. The concentration of the dyestuff was calculated from the absorbance values measured at 540 and 592 nm for the red and blue, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data suggested that tergotometer can be used as a domestic washing machine simulator. Moreover, the regression analysis done for the dyestuff concentration under discussion revealed that the most significant factor was the washing step (main wash or rinsing) (89.5%) followed by color (red or blue) (3.4%) and washing device (washing machine or tergotometer) (1.5%).
The behavior of FRCM (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Mortar) confined clay brick masonry columns is analyzed in this paper. The results of an experimental investigation conducted on small-scale columns made by clay brick masonry confined with steel-FRCM (or Steel Reinforced Grout, SRG), PBO (poly-paraphenylene-benzo-bisoxazole) FRCM and basalt-FRCM, tested under monotonic compressive load, are described and discussed. Tests were conducted on thirteen prismatic columns; eleven columns (two unconfined and nine confined) were tested under concentric load while an eccentric load was applied on two confined columns. For each confinement system, the parameters investigated were the ‘confinement ratio’, the ‘load eccentricity’ and the ‘overlap configuration of the fiber fabrics’. FRCM confinement improved the structural response of masonry columns in terms of ultimate strength, ultimate strain and ductility. Some models from the literature were also examined to evaluate their applicability in predicting the axial capacity of confined columns.
Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.