Hasil untuk "Surgery"

M. Scheier, K. Matthews, J. Owens et al.

J. Bosset, M. Gignoux, J. Triboulet et al.

D. Brewster, Md., J. Cronenwett et al.

H. Buchwald, Danette M. Oien

J. Marescaux, B. Dallemagne, S. Perretta et al.

M. D. de Jong, C. Pulitanò, D. Ribero et al.

A. Ghaferi, J. Birkmeyer, J. Dimick

E. Chaikof, D. Brewster, R. Dalman et al.

D. Etzioni, Jerome H. Liu, M. Maggard et al.

G. Fried, L. Feldman, M. Vassiliou et al.

P. Barry, D. Seal, G. Gettinby et al.

K. Clough, G. Kaufman, C. Nos et al.

M. Livhits, C. Mercado, I. Yermilov et al.

Sean M. O'Brien, D. Clarke, J. Jacobs et al.

D. Kang, Yong-Jin Kim, Sung-Han Kim et al.

Gheehyun Nahm

We construct a new family of surgery exact triangles in Heegaard Floer theory over the field with two elements. This family generalizes both Ozsváth and Szabó's $n$- and $1/n$-surgery exact triangles for positive integers $n$ and the author's recent 2-surgery exact triangle to all positive rational slopes. The construction reduces to a combinatorial problem that involves triangle and quadrilateral counting maps in a genus 1 Heegaard diagram. The main contribution of this paper is solving this combinatorial problem, which is particularly tricky for slopes $r\neq n,1/n$; one key idea is to use an involution that is closely related to the ${\rm Spin}^{c}$ conjugation symmetry.

Kathleen Chang, Zhiyang He, Theodore J. Yoder et al.

Generalized code surgery is a versatile and low-overhead technique for performing fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. In many settings, surgery exhibits practical space overheads, while its time overhead remains a bottleneck at $O(d)$ syndrome rounds per operation. In this work, we construct surgery gadgets that perform parallel logical measurements on 2D hypergraph product codes in constant time overhead ($O(1)$) and near-constant space overhead ($\tilde{O}(1)$). The reduced time overhead is a result of amortization, as we show, following the formulation by Cowtan et al. (arXiv:2510.14895), that performing $d$ surgery operations in $O(d)$ time is fault tolerant. Our gadgets combine the strengths of different approaches to fault-tolerant logical operations: they partially retain the flexibility of surgery while achieving overheads comparable to transversal gates. Consequently, they are well-suited for near-term experimental realization and demonstrate new possibilities in the design of gadgets for fast logical computation.

Yu Li, Yu Chen, Gansheng Xie et al.

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) Hounsfield units (HUs) of pathologically confirmed metastatic inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) were proved to be higher than negative ones. We designed this study to explore the clinical value of CT HU for diagnosing palpable ILN metastasis in patients with penile cancer.MethodsA total of 32 patients with penile cancer, including 84 palpable ILNs, were recruited in this study. They all performed 5-mm layer pelvic contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) before treatment. The palpable ILNs were matched with CT image. By using radiologic software PACS, the layer with a maximum cross-sectional area of target lymph node was selected, and the short axis was defined as diameter. We outlined the edge of target lymph nodes, and the software automatically calculated its area, maximum CT HU, and average CT HU. All target ILNs were biopsied by surgery to confirm the presence of metastasis.ResultsCompared with non-metastatic ILNs, metastatic ILNs had larger diameter, area, maximum non-contrast CT (NC-CT) HU, maximum arterial-phase CE-CT (ACE-CT) HU, average NC-CT HU, and average ACE-CT HU, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the all six parameters (maximum NC-CT HU, maximum ACE-CT HU, average NC-CT HU, average ACE-CT HU, diameter, and area) had significant diagnostic value for ILN metastasis, with an area under the curve of 0.847, 0.853, 0.900, 0.919, 0.809, and 0.789, respectively. The average ACE-CT HU (cutoff: 40.5) had the highest accuracy as 0.857, and maximum NC-CT HU (cutoff: 51.5) had the highest sensitivity of 0.897.ConclusionILN CT HU was clinically valuable for the diagnosis of palpable ILN metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed penile cancer.

Yu-Xiang Kong, Zhi-Shuai Li, Yuan-Bo Liu et al.

Abstract Keloids are pathological scars exhibiting tumour-like aggressiveness and high recurrence rate. Here we find increased proportion of pro-inflammatory and mesenchymal fibroblast subpopulations and senescent fibroblasts, and enhanced expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, as well as elevated p16 protein and more β-galactosidase-positive cells in keloids. The up-regulated p53-serine15 phosphorylation (p53-pS15) in keloids is identified by phosphospecific protein microarray and western blotting. We further demonstrate that a senolytic FOXO4-D-retro-inverso-isoform peptide (FOXO4-DRI) promotes apoptosis and decreases G0/G1 phase cells in pro-senescence models of keloid organ cultures and fibroblasts, accompanied with p53-pS15 nuclear exclusion. Our study indicates that upregulation of p53-pS15 and p16 maintains a persistent senescent microenvironment to promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis resistance in keloid fibroblasts. FOXO4-DRI shows potential as a treatment targeting the senescence and apoptosis resistance, and holds promise as an approach to prevent the aggressiveness and relapse of keloids.

Yun Wu, Yile Zhu, Bin Zheng

The cognitive load plays a key role in surgical education, influencing task performance and skill acquisition. This review explores three primary approaches to assessing cognitive load in the surgical context—paper-based measures, physiological measures, and performance-based measures—and highlights their relevance and applications in surgical education. Paper-based tools, such as the NASA Task Load Index and its surgical adaptation, the Surgery Task Load Index, offer simplicity but lack real-time insight. Physiological measures, including heart rate, eye tracking, and electrodermal activity, provide objective and timely data. Neuroimaging techniques, such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, provide direct evidence of brain activity but face challenges such as cost and complexity. Performance-based metrics, such as secondary tasks, infer cognitive load from working memory capacity. Accurate assessment of cognitive load can improve training outcomes by adapting demands to cognitive capacity. Future directions include the development of more accurate, multimodal, and user-friendly tools for dynamic, timely assessment, ultimately advancing personalized surgical training and improving patient care.