Hasil untuk "Special aspects of education"

Owen W Tomlinson

Abstract Background Academic publishing is a cornerstone of scholarly communications, yet is unfortunately open to abuse, having given rise to ‘predatory publishers’– groups that employ aggressive marketing tactics, are deficient in methods and ethics, and bypass peer review. Preventing these predatory publishers from infiltrating scholarly activity is of high importance, and students must be trained in this area to increase awareness and reduce use. The scope of this issue in the context of medical students remains unknown, and therefore this sought to examine the breadth of the current literature base. Methods A rapid scoping review was undertaken, adhering to adapted PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (ASSIA, EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched for content related to predatory publishing and medical students. Results were single-screened, facilitated by online reviewing software. Resultant data were narratively described, with common themes identified. Results After searching and screening, five studies were included, representing a total of 1338 students. Two predominant themes– understanding, and utilisation– of predatory publishers was identified. These themes revealed that medical students were broadly unaware of the issue of predatory publishing, and that a small number have already, or would consider, using their services. Conclusion There remains a lack of understanding of the threat that predatory publishers pose amongst medical students. Future research and education in this domain will be required to focus on informing medical students on the issue, and the implication of engaging with predatory publishers.

Tiago Fávero de Oliveira, Breno Apolinário da Silva

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como a mudança tecnológica altera processos produtivos e educativos. O texto aponta que, apesar do apelo de modernização e inovação, a difusão de tecnologias de inteligência artificial altera a relação entre linguagem e pensamento, produzindo uma educação tecnobancária cujos efeitos geram submissão, dominação, exploração e universalização de um pensamento único. O artigo parte das análises de Marx sobre a maquinaria e se desenvolve apontando alterações, contradições e desafios sobre o tema. Ao final, são apresentados caminhos para o enfrentamento da questão no sentido de gerar uma educação comprometida com os interesses de emancipação da classe dominada. Palavras-chave: Educação tecnobancária; Inteligência Artificial; Educação.

Lia Tiriba, Jacqueline Botelho, Adriana Barbosa

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Z. Karami

Background and Objectives: In order to solve the problem of education in complex and unstructured domains, Spiro and his colleagues proposed the theory of cognitive flexibility, in which they advocated multiple forms of pedagogical models, analogies, multiple representations, and multiple information displays. Cognitive flexibility is the ability of humans to adapt to cognitive process strategies in order to cope with new and unexpected conditions in the environment, and can help learners gain a deep understanding of complex concepts. In cognitive flexibility, the transfer of information from one situation to another allows the learners to apply the constructed knowledge to solve current problems. Electronic and virtual learning environments have capabilities that can better enhance learners' cognitive flexibility. Multiplicity in content, activities, interaction, and active participation are among the criteria for cognitive flexibility that can be accessed through electronic and virtual learning environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a framework for designing electronic and virtual learning environments based on the principles and criteria of cognitive flexibility.Methods: This study was qualitative research that was conducted in a Meta-Synthesis method. To collect data, keywords such as cognitive flexibility theory, electronic and virtual learning environments, cognitive flexibility, principles and criteria of cognitive flexibility, etc. were selected and articles, theses, and related texts were searched in reliable databases, from 1992 to 2020. Finally, 30 related sources were found. Among these sources, 25 of the most relevant texts related to the research questions were selected. After the detailed study of the texts, according to the research questions, the necessary information was extracted. Findings: The results of the findings in response to the first question of the research were to present the principles and criteria of the theory of cognitive flexibility, and in response to the second question of the research, based on the principles and criteria of the theory of cognitive flexibility, the necessary framework for the design of electronic and virtual learning environments was presented. In this framework, two parts of different forms of learning and different views about learning were proposed and in each part, content dimensions, pedagogical tools, human interactions, and evaluation and criteria related to each dimension were introduced. According to the criteria raised in the dimension of different forms of learning, it can be said that to increase the cognitive flexibility of learners in electronic learning environments, variety of content, variety of methods and activities, variety of interactions and variety of assessment tools were of particular importance. Also, according to the criteria raised in the dimension of different perspectives of learning, we can also conclude that to increase cognitive flexibility in electronic learning environments, the variety of examples, exercises, and examples, the variety of mutual relationships between the concepts, diversity in people's points of view, review, analysis and combination of diverse points of view, diversifying the points of view on the discussed topic were important. The diversity of methods and solutions in the process of problem-solving were highly important. These environments should be prepared in such a way that they could provide the context for the learner's involvement and activity so that the learner could have an active involvement in the learning process and build knowledge that would meet the needs of different situations and could be used to solve real problems.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the principles and criteria of cognitive flexibility were extracted and based on those principles and criteria, the necessary framework for designing electronic and virtual learning environments was presented, which can be a guide for planners, designers of electronic and virtual learning environments, teachers, and other educators to strengthen the cognitive flexibility of learners through the design of suitable electronic and virtual learning environments.

E. Dearing, B. Casey, P. Davis‐Kean et al.

Using data from 12 studies, we meta-analyze correlations between parent number talk during interactions with their young children (mean sample age ranging from 22 to 79 months) and two aspects of family socioeconomics, parent education, and family income. Potential variations in correlation sizes as a function of study characteristics were explored. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the amount of number talk in parent-child interactions and both parent education and family income (i.e., r = 0.12 for education and 0.14 for income). Exploratory moderator analyses provided some preliminary evidence that child age, as well as the average level of and variability in socioeconomic status, may moderate effect sizes. The implications of these findings are discussed with special attention to interpreting the practical importance of the effect sizes in light of family strengths and debate surrounding “word gaps”.

Camilla Björklund, Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, Angelika Kullberg

This paper reports an overview of contemporary research on early childhood mathematics teaching and learning presented at recent mathematics education research conferences and papers included in the special issue (2020–4) of ZDM Mathematics Education . The research covers the broad spectrum of educational research focusing on different content and methods in teaching and learning mathematics among the youngest children in the educational systems. Particular focus in this paper is directed to what lessons can be drawn from teaching interventions in early childhood, what facilitates children’s mathematical learning and development, and what mathematical key concepts can be observed in children. Together, these themes offer a coherent view of the complexity of researching mathematical teaching and learning in early childhood, but the research also brings this field forward by adding new knowledge that extends our understanding of aspects of mathematics education and research in this area, in the dynamic context of early childhood. This knowledge is important for future research and for the development of educational practices.

Irene Lacruz-Pérez, Pilar Sanz‐Cervera, R. Tárraga‐Mínguez

Inclusive education is currently one of the main aspirations of the Spanish educational system and one of the key aspects for its achievement is teachers’ attitudes toward educational inclusion. In recent years, many studies worldwide have analyzed this aspect, but so far, any systematic review has specifically focused on the Spanish educational framework. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to review the studies published from 2010 to 2019 whose aim was to analyze teachers’ attitudes towards educational inclusion in Spain. After a literature search in four different databases (PsycInfo, ERIC, Dialnet Plus, and Google Scholar), 34 studies were selected and reviewed. The results suggest that Spanish teachers’ attitudes toward educational inclusion are generally positive, although in some cases they are ambiguous. Teachers’ attitudes are mainly influenced by the amount of training and their contact or not with students with special educational needs. The discussion highlights that more studies with a greater methodological diversity are required in order to provide a complete analysis of teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion and that teacher training is one of the best tools to generate positive attitudes.

Muslim Shojaei, Aboutaleb Awadzadeh

The purpose of the present study is to explore the challenges and harms of religious education with an approach to irreligion among students in the second grade of high school. The method of study is descriptive and factor analysis. Statistical sample of the study includes 320 students in the second grade of high school in Kohgilouye va Boyer Ahmad Province who were chosen by cluster method through several procedures. The results of factor analysis, after rotation of the extracted factors by Varimax method, showed that six factors relating to personal and emotional features, cultural features, lack of programming, family and friends, negligence to the phenomenon of irreligion, and economic features totally explain 91.05% of the variables variation. Accordingly, it is proposed that educational managers and officials put more effort into the phenomenon of irreligion and lead students to accept religion eagerly.

Candi Running Bear, W. A. Terrill, Adriana Frates et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly changed almost all aspects of people’s everyday lives. This included new challenges in the education of Native American students with disabilities who live in rural and remote areas of the United States. Native American students with disabilities living on reservations are served by local schools, tribally controlled schools, and Bureau of Indian Education schools under the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In rural reservation communities during COVID-19, special education services for students with disabilities were significantly disrupted. Contributing factors were high rates of poverty, lack of adequate funding and staffing for health care, populations with higher rates of chronic illness, high percentages of homes with no running water or electricity, shortages of certified special educators, and barriers to alternative forms of education due to lack of access to high-speed internet and technology.

G. Cavaletti, P. Alberti, A. Argyriou et al.

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a potentially dose‐limiting side effect of several commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. The main pharmacological classes that may cause CIPN include classical anticancer drugs, as well as the recently introduced immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates. The absence of a complete knowledge of CIPN pathophysiology is only one of the several unsolved issues related to CIPN. Among some of the most relevant aspects of CIPN deserving further attention include the real number of patients exposed to the risk of CIPN, the long‐term impact on cancer survivors' quality of life due to incomplete recovery from CIPN, the economic burden related to acute and chronic CIPN, and the different perspective and education of the healthcare specialists in charge of managing patients with CIPN. Overall, CIPN remains a very challenging area of research as there are still several unresolved issues to be addressed in the future. In this special issue, the multifaceted profile of CIPN will be presented, with particular emphasis on bolstering the need to develop more optimized outcome measures than the existing ones to accurately evaluate the extent of CIPN, but also to ascertain the differences in the incidence, risk factors, clinical phenotype, and management of CIPN, according to the most commonly used neurotoxic chemotherapy classes. Perspectives for future research to pursue in order to cover the gaps in knowledge in the CIPN field will also be discussed.

Paula Mulet, Mari Deyá, Maria Hernández et al.

Introducción: El embarazo y la maternidad en la adolescencia son problemas de salud pública. Estos eventos están ligados a comportamientos afectivo-sexuales de riesgo por adolescentes que aún no han cumplido los 19 años. En los últimos años, se observa un aumento en relación con la precocidad del inicio de la actividad sexual, causando un aumento en la incidencia de embarazos en la adolescencia. Su prevalencia varía a nivel nacional y mundial. El embarazo en la adolescencia trae consecuencias negativas a varios niveles, sociales, económicos, biológicos y psicológicos. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de riesgo y las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia, con el fin de abordar estrategias para prevenir estas situaciones o mejorar la calidad de vida de estas jóvenes. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, en el motor de búsqueda EBSCOhost, en las bases de datos CINAHL (Plus with Full Text), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), Cochrane (Plus Collection). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos publicados entre 2003 y 2019, con texto completo. No se definieron restricciones en cuanto al tipo de estudio. De los 42 artículos encontrados, fueron elegidos 9. Resultados: Son varios los factores de riesgo y las repercusiones del embarazo en la adolescencia. Situaciones de estrés, alteraciones de la identidad de la joven embarazada, con comportamientos emocionalmente inadecuados que afectan su desarrollo y la relación con su futuro bebé, son algunas de las situaciones que requieren el apoyo de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusion: Se espera ampliar el conocimiento sobre el embarazo en madres adolescentes, de forma que contribuya a futuros estudios y se aplique en la práctica clínica y académica. Es necesario crear diferentes tipos de programas de educación sexual, con un objetivo común: Ayudar a enfrentar y lidiar con el problema de estas jóvenes.

Martha Iris Rivera López, Crisólogo Dolores Flores

En este artículo se reportan los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar las preconcepciones de pendiente en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria. Se empleó una entrevista basada en tareas para la recolección de datos de 30 estudiantes de 10.º grado y el método de análisis temático para su respectivo análisis. Los resultados muestran que las preconcepciones de pendiente que manifiestan los estudiantes son la pendiente como la longitud de un segmento de recta, un objeto, una propiedad física, el valor del ángulo, la intersección de la recta con los ejes asociada a una expresión algebraica y el cociente de los valores de las intersecciones en el eje x e y. Aunque algunos estudiantes declararon una primera experiencia con el concepto, este conocimiento tuvo una mínima influencia en sus procedimientos y justificaciones.

Amanda Aparecida Marcatti

No final da década de 1950 foram introduzidas, nos países de clima subtropical da América Latina, tecnologias de modernização da agricultura...

О. Б. Бавыкин, O. Bavykin, О.Ф. Вячеславова et al.

The basic provisions of theoretical, applied and legislative Metrology are stated. Examines the theoretical foundations and applied problems of Metrology at the present stage, the historical aspects and provisions of the Metrology of nanotechnology and quantum processes as a special kind of measurement of physical quantities. The main provisions of the Federal law of June 26, 2008 № 102-FZ "on ensuring the unity of measurements"are presented. It corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher technical educational institutions studying on technical specialties, as a textbook on General professional and special disciplines, as well as for persons interested in measurement and metrological support.

D Puthira Prathap

Editorial of Journal of Extension Education 31(2)

Nivea Vila Yunita, Kadek Suranata, Ni Ketut Suarni

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of psychoanalysis counseling with free association techniques to minimize self heteroseksual class VIII B in SMP Negeri 3 Singaraja. The research design used is Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampling of this research using intaq group with the number of members as much as 74 students, each divided into 37 students experimental group with 37 students control group. Analysis methods used were (1) Rasch analysis to transform logit scale data, (2) t-brunning to calculate the effectiveness of counseling model of psychoanalysis with free association technique, and (3) t-test to know the effect difference between psychoanalytic counseling model with guidance of classical counseling to heterosexuals in students. The results showed that (a) psychoanalysis counseling with effective free association technique to minimize heterosexual self with thitung > ttable (212,7 > 1,688), (b) There is difference of effectiveness of psychoanalytic counseling model heterosexual effect size 508,35 with guidance of classical counseling to efeect size 0,19   Keywords: Rasch, Analysis, Associations, technique, Psychoanalysis, Counseling, Self Heterosexual

C. Nguyen, M. Lefèvre-Colau, S. Poiraudeau et al.

Claude Müller, Michael Stahl, Mark Alder et al.

With flexible learning, students gain access and flexibility with regard to at least one of the following dimensions: time, place, pace, learning style, content, assessment or learning path. Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) has launched a new flexible learning study format called FLEX, a blended learning design allowing students to be more flexible as to when and where they study. It reduces classroom learning time, replacing some of it with an e-learning environment for self-study that includes instructional videos. In a pilot phase, we conducted a semi-experimental study on the learning effectiveness of FLEX. Students’ perceptions of the new study format FLEX were found to be positive. In addition, the final test results of students in the FLEX programme were similar to those of other students, despite classroom learning time was reduced by about half. Abstrakt Mit flexiblem Lernen wird den Lernenden Flexibilität in Bezug auf mindestens eine der folgenden Dimensionen ermöglicht: Zeit, Ort, Tempo, Lernstil, Lerninhalt, Bewertung oder Lernpfad. Die Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften hat ein neues flexibles Studienformat FLEX eingeführt. Das Blended Learning Design FLEX ermöglicht Studierenden, zeitlich und örtlich flexibel zu studieren, da die physische Präsenzzeit an der Hochschule reduziert und durch eine E-Learning-Umgebung mit Lernvideos ersetzt wird. In einer Pilotphase des FLEX-Programmes konnte eine semi-experimentelle Studie zur Lerneffektivität von FLEX durchführt werden. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die flexible Lernumgebung FLEX von den Studierenden positiv beurteilt wurde. Zudem erzielten die Studierenden äquivalente Klausurergebnisse, obwohl die Präsenzzeit in FLEX im Vergleich mit dem konventionellen Studienformat um die Hälfte reduziert wurde.

Najmeh Baghian, Ali Akbari Sari, Mohsen Shati et al.

INTRODUCTION: Various programs are implemented internationally to promote the mental and social health of the students in schools. This study systematically reviewed and categorized all resources, indicators, and criteria for evaluating mental and social programs of schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was conducted by collecting data from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases using the keywords of “evaluation, mental health program, social health program, behavioral and emotional program.” In the initial review, 4295 studies were found, which reduced to 75 after removing the repetitions and evaluating the studies' quality. The articles were selected using the PRISMA chart. RESULTS: The findings resulted in three main categories of structure, process, and outcome; 16 subcategories; and 166 codes. The category of structure included the subcategories of human resources, physical space, facilities, training, needed committees and teams, financing, and implementing mental and social programs. The subcategories of process category were functional indicators, guidelines and protocols, communication, documentation, planning/coordination, time management, and monitoring. The subcategories of behavioral-therapeutic, satisfaction, and educational outcomes were associated with the outcome category. CONCLUSION: Application of the structure, process, and outcome indicators, derived from the findings of this study, will greatly improve evaluation of the international mental health programs in schools.

Rosalva Sulzbacher

O presente trabalho visa relatar uma aula prática desenvolvida com os alunos do 9° ano de uma escola localizada no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em que foi utilizado o software tabela periódica interativa com uso do computador e lousa digital. O objetivo da aula foi explanar as características químicas e físicas dos elementos apresentados na tabela periódica no decorrer da aula de ciências. A partir disto, verificouse que a utilização de métodos diferenciados de ensino promove um maior interesse por parte dos alunos pelo conteúdo desenvolvido, já que os estudantes se sentem mais confiantes em propor seus entendimentos e dúvidas quando em sala de aula são utilizadas ferramentas desfrutadas por eles próprios em seu no dia-a-dia. Sendo assim, para a abordagem destas metodologias é necessário que o educador esteja em um constante processo de formação continuada, ou seja, o professor precisa sempre adquirir novos conhecimentos e refletir sobre sua própria prática docente.