Hasil untuk "Settlements"

Andrii Palash

Стаття простежує історію виникнення та розвитку DCCC (Центру сучасної культури у Дніпрі) як інституції, що поєднує репрезентацію актуальних мистецьких практик із роботою з локальним контекстом і міськими спільнотами. Показано, як ініціатива, що сформувалася після Революції Гідності навколо фестивалю аудіовізуального мистецтва та нових медіа «Конструкція» (2015–), еволюціонувала від «віртуальної» присутності до спроб створення фізичного простору й реалізації прототипу — тимчасового публічного майданчика «Сцена:Stage» (2017), відзначеного на European Prize for Urban Public Space 2018 та номінованого на премію Mies van der Rohe Award. Описано запуск DCCC у будівлі колишнього губернського земства на Крутогірному узвозі, процес реставрації та модель резидентності (ГО «Культура Медіальна», галерея «Артсвіт», «Альянс Франсез»). Окрема увага приділена трансформації інституції під час повномасштабної війни: від тимчасового призупинення діяльності до створення соціального хабу (2022), а далі — відновлення програмної роботи (2023–2024), посилення міжнародних зв’язків, запуску кінотеатру, «Експериментальної студії» та крамнички як культурно-дизайнерського проєкту. Матеріал також окреслює ключові напрями діяльності DCCC: виставкові, освітні, резиденційні та кінопрограмні практики.

Imane Hamdi, Mariam Chabou Othmani, Larbi Bengana

This paper examines how urban renewal strategies can effectively transform a self-built informal settlement, such as Boubsila (commune of Bourouba), into a sustainable and inclusive urban space. To achieve this objective, the study advocates the use of spatial techniques such as geographic information systems (GIS) and cartography, as well as conducting field surveys to understand the spatial configuration of the neighbourhood and the needs of its residents. The integration of geo-referenced data will provide a better understanding of the physical situation of the district and explore both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of urban renewal. This multi-dimensional approach aims to address the specific challenges of informal settlements and propose practical solutions for sustainable and inclusive urban development.

Chao Ma, Xiaolei Li, Guosheng Wang et al.

Abstract The seismic failure mechanism of underground structures showing structural collapse is attributed to the deformation incompatibility between the central columns and the sidewalls, especially the insufficient deformation capacity of the central columns. Therefore, the approaches to improve the seismic performance of underground structures mainly aim at avoiding the damage of central columns. This paper presents a comparative study on the seismic performance of underground structures with the central columns retrofitted with different numbers of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) layers. Seismic capacity of the CFRP retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) columns was explored in detail through experimental and numerical approaches. Then numerical models were built and verified to simulate the behaviors of the CFRP retrofitting RC columns, and the seismic performance of the CFRP retrofitting underground structures was numerically simulated. Based on the numerical results, the damage of the CFRP retrofitting underground structures was calculated, and damage classification illustrated that the seismic performance of underground structures was enhanced remarkably. Finally, parametric studies were conducted to discuss about how the number of CFRP layers and the earthquake intensity affect the earthquake-induced damage of underground structures. Conclusions from this study could be referenced for seismic retrofitting of existing underground structures.

Bruno Ibáñez, Juan Carlos Vielma Pérez

El Método híbrido fuerza-desplazamiento (HFD por sus siglas en inglés), combina las ventajas de ambos diseños sísmicos, aplicando el enfoque de diseño basado en desempeño, comenzando con un diseño por deformación, utilizando dichas variables de entrada en el mismo, en el cual se controlan los valores de derivas máximas de entrepiso y desplazamientos máximos de techo que sobrepasan el límite elástico de las secciones, empleando para esto tres niveles de desempeño. Cada uno de estos niveles se encuentran representados mediante un espectro elástico de aceleraciones y otro espectro elástico de desplazamientos, con los cuales llevar a cabo el diseño sísmico por fuerzas, donde el procedimiento implica modificar el espectro, escalando sus ordenadas y obteniendo así una representación de los tres niveles de desempeño. Se obtienen así las máximas respuestas de techo para cada nivel de desempeño y con estos se calculan los respectivos factores de reducción o de comportamiento. Para ilustrar la aplicación del Método, se estudió un edificio de 7 pisos, estructurado en marcos de acero resistentes a momento, ubicado en una zona de alta demanda sísmica, como lo es Valparaíso, Chile. El procedimiento se valida aplicando análisis dinámico no lineal de historia tiempo empleando registros de terremotos fuertes ocurridos en la zona de subducción

Christopher Hodgson, Karim Sadr

In this article, we set out to publish the results of extensive excavations conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s by staff and students of the Archaeology Department, University of the Witwatersrand, at two Late Iron Age stone-walled compounds in the western foothills of the Suikerbosrand massif, near Johannesburg. While these two compounds, Sun Shadow and Boschoek, have been extensively cited in the literature, their data have never been published. Here, we analyse the distribution of their collected artefacts, in conjunction with their field maps, to better understand the spatial organisation of these two Molokwane-style stone-walled compounds. We were also interested to assess the merits of revisiting under-analysed archaeological materials housed in the University of the Witwatersrand’s collections. The results revealed frustrating gaps and shortcomings in the collections, but also shed new light on the social organisation of these settlements. Overall, we feel that the exercise was worthwhile and we encourage similar such studies in the future, allowing researchers to explore the scientific potential of the masses of buried treasure within the university’s collections.

Sviatoslav Chyruk

У статті розглянуто мережу контактів шведських мігрантів до України у 1782–1783 рр. і вплив на неї географічного чинника. Дані реконструйовано на основі пов’язаних відомостей про смертні випадки під час епідемії чуми серед переселенців і місця проживання на острові Даго (острів Гіюмаа, Естонія). Використано як методи ієрархічний кластерний аналіз, факторний аналіз (метод головних компонент) із varimax-обертанням, графічний метод просторового подання хронології подій і статистичний критерій Спірмена. Природні кластери встановлено на основі інформації про 335 смертних випадків. Використано перший рівень кластеризації, отримано шість кластерів. Пов’язати вдалося інформацію лише про 235 осіб із 335, тобто 70 %. Факторний аналіз проведено на основі інформації про таймінг смертних випадків на основі пов’язаних даних (235 випадків). У побудові гіпотез автор виходив із припущення, що порядок вимирання під час епідемії має бути не гомогенним, а дискретним, оскільки для поширення інфекції потрібно встановити «ефективний» контакт. Останнє ж можливо за більш тісних соціальних зв’язків. Результати дослідження демонструють, що порядок вимирання піддослідної групи не мав випадкового характеру й залежав від географічного розташування населених пунктів, із яких походили померлі. Соціальні зв’язки у групі мігрантів під час та одразу після переселення дублювали географічну структуру розташування рідних селищ у попередній період життя в Естонії. Хвороба поширювалась від тих, хто раніше мешкав на заході острова, до тих, хто жив на сході, незважаючи на те, що вони їхали на поселення у складі однієї групи, де відстань між переселенцями була порівняно незначною. Результати підтверджено статистично (rs = 0,737; n = 12; р > 0,01). На думку автора, затримку в передаванні інфекції зумовлено так званим соціальним карантином, в основі якого, у цьому випадку, лежить відстань між населеними пунктами, з яких походили переселенці, та наближеність цих місць до певних доріг. Автор припускає, що «консервація» географічної мережі у групі була пов’язана зі шлюбно-сімейними стосунками, які склалися ще в період життя на острові, оскільки на шлюбному ринку люди, зазвичай, шукають шлюбних партнерів із населених пунктів, розташованих неподалік.

Margarita ILIEVA

The aim of this research is to study regional differences and regional cohesion in Bulgaria in accordance with “Europe 2020” Strategy. On the basis of analyses and comparisons of selected individual indicators, the existing significant differences in the regional development of the 6 NUTS 2 regions in the country are shown. The paper presents also the goals of regional cohesion according to the National Regional Development Strategy 2012-2022, prepared in order to integrate the goals of “Europe 2020” Strategy and the National Development Programme Bulgaria 2020.

Anna Zoodsma, Mary Jo Dudley, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern

This article looks at the United States’ federal H-2A Temporary Agricultural Visa Program and reforms proposed by the Farm Workforce Mod­ernization Act. In this policy analysis, we draw on media content analysis and qualitative inter­views to compare the viewpoints of farmers, workers, grower and worker advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politicians. We find that perspectives on the program are dependent upon actors’ level of direct interaction with workers. Moderate-sized farmers and regionally based worker advocacy groups tend to be the most concerned with day-to-day program operations and fair working condi­tions. In contrast, national-level advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politi­cians are less critical of the program and seek to broadly expand farmer access to guestworkers, justifying proposed pro­gram reforms with dis­courses of national food security and immigration reform. Ultimately, we suggest that engaging a food systems lens to under­stand these policies provides a more nuanced per­spective, addressing national food security and immigration as related issues.

Kamen Petrov

This paper presents trends in the development of sustainable urbanism, in which innovations and technologies are brought to the fore. It is assumed that at this stage the necessary measures are being introduced to improve the efficiency of services and the use of resources in smaller machines (eg energy efficiency or efficiency in your enterprises) with information technology. This creates the conditions within the regional development offer to develop a concept of a smart city (“smart city”). In practice, the smart city is growing beyond this initial goal to one that applies to entire cities and urban blocks, not just the transport system or buildings, and covers a large area. This raises the need to study the development of settlements in order to better illustrate the processes of development of geo-spaces through the prism of the introduction of new communication technologies.

S. S. Onischenko, P. V. German, A. S. Savelieva

The archaeological studies developed two concepts concerning the character of Tagar economy: semi-nomadic and sedentary. They are based on different approaches to burial assemblage materials, accidental findings, and general opinion on stock-raising economy in Eurasian forest-steppes and steppes. The zooarchaeological profile of Tagar settlements can resolve this argument. A high share of horse bones may mean a semi-nomadic or nomadic lifestyle, while low share of equine remains can be a sign of a sedentary economy. The research featured Tagar settlements in the forest-steppe areas of the interfluve area between the Kiya and the Chulym. The paper describes the zooarchaeological collection of the archeological site of Kоsоgol I, the largest Early Iron Age settlement in the area. The collection includes 6,634 samples, of which 687 belong to horses. The authors believe that cattle breeding was the main branch of the Tagar economy. Horses were the third most important group. However, horses were not meat animals, as bones of young horses were quite rare among the kitchen waste. The Tagars killed mature or old work horses (older than 12–13), which could not work anymore. Hunting was a secondary branch of their economy: they hunted does, as well as water and moor fowl near the settlement. The results of Kosogol I zooarchaeological assemblage study proved the theory about the sedentary cattle breeding of the early Tagar people.

Rizki M. Ishaq, Kurniatun Hairiah, Ibnu Alfian et al.

Volcanic eruptions disturb vegetation at a time it is needed for preventing mudflows. A resilient indigenous non-legume nitrogen-fixing tree that is adapted to the ash and spreads rapidly protects areas downstream in a volcanic landscape in Indonesia. Within the volcanic ring of fire both the long-term benefits (including densely populated, fertile agricultural soils) and short-term ecological disturbance of volcanic ash deposition are clear. Mount Kelud in East Java has erupted on a 15–37-years cycle for the past centuries, most recently in 2014, causing damage to settlements, agricultural land, agroforestry, and watershed protection forests, as the ash deposits caused tree mortality, restricted infiltration, and led to ash flows. Rapid “restoration” or recovery of tree-based vegetation with planted Legume trees (such as Calliandra spp.) has been attempted but is not very effective. However, the non-legume nitrogen-fixing Parasponia rigida, symbiotic with rhizobium bacteria, contrasted to its non-symbiotic sibling (Trema orientalis) has been studied in laboratory conditions, but not in its native environment. We mapped and sampled P. rigida in various locations (upper, middle, and lower elevation positions in ridge-slope-valley toposequences) on the Kelud complex starting 1 year after the latest eruption, estimated biomass development, and quantified P. rigida root nodules in relation to N availability in the ash/soil mixtures in these locations. P. rigida was found as a pioneer tree at elevations between 600 and 1,700 m a.s.l. (above sea level) along ridges, in slope, and valley positions. At lower elevations T. orientalis dominated. Within 3 years of the eruption, stem diameters were 3–10 cm. Up to 93% of P. rigida root nodules were found to be effective, based on the hemoglobin color on cross-sections. Rhizobium bacteria were found in root nodule tissue at densities of two to a hundred times higher than in rhizosphere soil. Between a total soil N content from 0.01 to 0.04% the density of effective nodules decreased from 1,200 to 200 m−2. P. rigida stands in the area, especially at ridges close to the crater deserve to be managed proactively as future seed sources, given the high frequency of eruption episodes, while recovery after eruptions on similar volcanoes can likely be facilitated by tactical assisted seed dispersal if effective seed collection and storage methods can be established.

Roberti Daniel González Martínez

Parte del proceso de la globalización es apostar en ciencia y tecnología, por lo cual, es menester que las naciones mantengan un elevado nivel de competitividad, señala Pedro Duque, quien afirma que “Sin ciencia no hay progreso”. En este sentido, la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), líder en desarrollo de investigaciones científicas financiadas por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), orienta todos los esfuerzos al desarrollo de las capacidades instaladas orientadas al desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología. La Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la UNA avanza en esta materia con la presentación de resultados de dos proyectos de investigación financiados por el CONACyT, los cuales son: Impacto económico de la aprobación de la soja transgénica en Paraguay. Periodo 1994-2014 y Sistema de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos para la UNA. Ambos proyectos reflejan un interés de la academia por resolver los conflictos e inquietudes de la sociedad paraguaya, por un lado, un análisis de uno de los principales rubros de exportación del país, y por otro, la gestión de residuos sólidos como atenuante al cambio climático.

Lei Zhang, Jingyuan Zhao, Jiaping Liu

This study aimed to analyse the winter indoor thermal environment of double-story commercial and residential building in herdsmen settlements of China Northwest mountain grassland area. The method of research is ?eld testing and data calculation analysis; include indoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor wind speed, thermal comfort index. The result shows the relationship between indoor thermal environment, envelope materials, heating methods, location of rooms and building type. In addition, the in?uence was quanti?ed in 0~6.9 °C in winter. Finally, put forward three strategies to enhance the winter double-story commercial and residential building indoor environment.

Lawrence Faith, Rogerson Christian M.

Local economic development agencies (LEDAs) are increasingly important actors in place-based local economic development particularly in the global South. In South Africa there has been an expanded role for LEDAs in terms of the policy significance of local economic development. Although considerable research has been undertaken concerning the merits, challenges and contributions of LED in South Africa only limited material is available concerning the institutional and organisational arrangements to support the implementation of LED. Using policy documents, close engagement with the key national policy-making government departments and a national survey of the activities, operational challenges, and institutional constraints facing LEDAs, the findings from this investigation provide new insight into their role in place-based development. From the unfolding South African experience the strategic establishment of LEDAs potentially can contribute to maximizing the efficiency of place-based strategies. Arguably, key findings confirm the important contribution that LEDAs can make to locality development in the global South albeit that contribution is influenced by context realities.

Nilton Ribeiro Almeida, Allisianne Krystina S. de Figueiredo, Rita de Cássia O. Lima Alves

As micro e pequenas empresas correspondem à maioria dos estabelecimentos no Brasil, assim como em Vitória da Conquista, assumindo grande importância econômica e social. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar as dificuldades dos empresários das micro e pequenas indústrias, quanto aos processos de abertura de empresas fundadas nos anos de 2015 e 2016. O estudo teve caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando-se o estudo de caso múltiplo. Observou-se alto grau de insatisfação em relação às etapas de abertura das empresas, sobretudo em relação ao excesso de burocracia, o que implicou em maior morosidade das ações. Evidenciou-se, portanto, a necessidade de melhorias, a exemplo da evolução de normatizações e estruturas burocráticas, no sentido de promover a celeridade dos processos de abertura de empresas.

Markéta Jozová

One of the most interesting issues of the phenomenon of tramping is its relationship to landscape, nature and their reconceptualization into his own image. The basic substance of this activity is primarily spending time in nature, in the woods, outside the city. This spending free time in nature currently takes place in tramping in two main discourses. The first discourse is the free camping, sometimes called tenting, the second discourse is settlements (being on the tramp settlement). These two discourses of tramping are still current and very popular between the tramps. Each of these imaginary ways has passed its cultural-historical development and in the current time has already own original style. As well as the tramps, who are inclined either to the discourse of wild camping, or are permanent residents of tramps settlements. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the situation in the current tramp camps and settlements.

Raquel Gryszczenko Alves Gomes

Este artigo é um mapeamento inicial dos impactos do fotojornalismo do grupo que ficou conhecido como "O Clube do Bang Bang", na África do Sul, no período de transição entre o final da política de apartheid e as primeiras eleições democráticas no país, em 1994. Qual o papel assumido pelo registro fotográfico, com o senso de realidade que impõe àquilo que apresenta, na construção da memória política sul-africana?

Janusz Śmigielski, Joanna Ruszkowska, Walerian Piotrowski et al.

Objectives: The role of leisure-time physical activity in reducing all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is well explored. The knowledge on occupational and commuting physical activity continues to be ambiguous and misleading. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of different kinds of physical activity on cardiovascular mortality risk in men. Material and Methods: Data analysis on physical activity level and other selected cardiovascular risk factors acquired from 3577 men in the age between 50–80 years who participated in the National Multicenter Health Survey WOBASZ (Wieloośrodkowe Ogólnopolskie Badanie Stanu Zdrowia), Poland (2003–2005) was linked with male mortality in 2004–2009. Data about causes of deaths were obtained from the Central Statistical Office and the Population Electronic Register. Results: Among males aged 50–59 years, the strongest risk factor was living in large settlements and provincial capitals as a place of residence and the most protective factor was occupational physical activity. In the age group 60–69 years and 70–80 years, the strongest protective effect was observed for leisure-time physical activity. In men aged between 70–80 years (unlike in the 50–59 years age group), the protective effect of large settlements and provincial capitals as a place of residence was noted. Conclusions: Occupational physical activity significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality in men aged 50–69 years, while for leisure-time activity the positive effect was observed in age group 60–69 years and 70–80 years. On the other hand, for the inhabitants of large settlements and provincial capitals, significantly higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in the age group 50–69 years and lower risk in the age group ≥ 70 years was noted, both in comparison with smaller places of residence.

Editoria arq.urb

Após dois anos dedicados aos preparativos, o “2o Seminário Internacional Representar – Brasil 2013: As representações em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design” realizou-se em São Paulo, em agosto de 2013.

Brígida García