Benjamin Monmege, Julie Parreaux, Pierre-Alain Reynier
Weighted Timed Games (WTG for short) are the most widely used model to describe controller synthesis problems involving real-time issues. Unfortunately, they are notoriously difficult, and undecidable in general. As a consequence, one-clock WTGs have attracted a lot of attention, especially because they are known to be decidable when only non-negative weights are allowed. However, when arbitrary weights are considered, despite several recent works, their decidability status was still unknown. In this paper, we solve this problem positively and show that the value function can be computed in exponential time (if weights are encoded in unary).
Christianity courses at Christian colleges and universities are often aimed at converting students. However, religious education as a ‘liberal arts education’ should prioritize ‘religious studies education.’ This differs from other types of religious education, such as ‘faith education’ or ‘spirituality/character education.’ When this ideal approach isn't feasible due to practical constraints, an alternative could be ‘spirituality/character education’ within an ‘experiential education’ context. Ultimately, religious education should strive for liberal arts principles, which is the main stream of liberal and general education. Liberal arts based religious education involves fostering religious literacy, which includes: 1) understanding the nature and significance of religion itself, as well as diverse religious traditions; 2) identifying religious elements that underlie secular events. This form of education, which requires open dialogue with other academic disciplines like the humanities and natural sciences, can serve as a type of convergence education. To achieve this goal, institutions dedicated to liberal and general education need to be established, with full administrative independence. They must operate without interference from denominational authorities, university boards, or chaplains' offices. Guarantees for the independence of administration, the status of faculty, and academic freedom are essential. Religious education that embraces an interdisciplinary approach is suitable for senior students with a broader academic background. Thus, the curriculum should be adjusted to allow senior students to take religious studies courses. Additionally, there should be a broader range of courses that explore religions other than Christianity. Furthermore, ongoing research into ‘Christianity and liberal arts studies’ as an emerging discipline is essential.
Risza Subiantoro, Margarita M Maramis, Nining Febriana
et al.
Introduction: Postoperative depression is a condition of depressive effects in patients without symptoms of depressive mood that occurs a few weeks after surgery and persists for at least 2 weeks. It generally possesses the same symptoms as major depressive disorder. Review: Their difference is that surgery is the trigger of depression in postoperative depression cases. Postoperative depression is associated with increased patients’ morbidity and mortality, increased the risk of disease complications, reduced postoperative healing process, prolonged the duration of treatment, and reduced patients’ quality of life. Therefore, mental health conditions should always be assessed on patients after undergoing surgery. Postoperative depression therapy needs to consider the benefits of antidepressants and adequate pain management. Antidepressant considerations also need to consider interactions with other drugs. Psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are also useful in postoperative depression management. Conclusion: This review is aimed to give insight about postoperative depression, its importance, and how to treat it.
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The emergent spiritualities have a special and new look at man and his relationship with the Almighty God, leading to humanism in some cases. Deepak Chopra believes man has a lot of ability due to his mind and he can know God without the need for divine religions. He can also behave like God and participate in the creation of the Universe with the Almighty God and control the material world and the universe. On the other hand, Mulla Sadra considers all human abilities to be related to his Nafs (soul), which can possess abilities and dominate existence if connected to God Almighty.METHOD & FINDING: This article is a critical research answering the question of what the position of humans in the universe is. The findings of the research show that Chopra imagined that divine religions were created to nurture and develop human abilities, especially the physical type; While the purpose of divine religions is the spiritual evolution of man.CONCLUSION: Using the qualitative method in the analysis of Chopra's writings based on Mulla Sadra's views, we can draw the following conclusion: Although man is composed of two domains, Nafs (soul) and the body, his most important domain is his soul, for which, although man has abilities, his abilities are due to his connection to the Almighty God.
Noting that the doctrine of the general resurrection attracted renewed attention after the Reformation, and after the atomist revival led to the displacement of traditional hylomorphism by alternative matter theories, this article surveys the ways in which the resurrection was discussed by leading natural philosophers in seventeenth‐century England. These include discussion of how bodily resurrection might be possible, what resurrected bodies will be like; as well as the nature of living conditions after the resurrection. It is indicated that the resurrection seems to have played a much less prominent place in the writings of natural philosophers than the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, and other issues of natural theology. Reasons for this lack of prominence are tentatively offered, chiefly focusing on its unsuitability for combatting the perceived atheism of the time. It is hoped that this preliminary survey might inspire others to extend the survey, especially to cover Continental philosophers.
In this paper I raise a worry about the most extended resolutions of the problem of time of canonical quantizations of general relativity. The reason for this is that these resolutions are based on analogies with deparametrizable models for which the problem can be solved, while I argue in this paper that there are good reasons for doubting about these resolutions when the theory is not deparametrizable, which is the case of general relativity. I introduce an example of a non-deparametrizable model, a double harmonic oscillator system expressed by its Jacobi action, and argue that the problem of time for this model is not solvable, in the sense that its canonical quantization doesn't lead to the quantum theory of two harmonic oscillators and the standard resolutions of the problem of time don't work for this case. I argue that as general relativity is strongly analogous to this model, one should take seriously the view that the canonical quantization of general relativity doesn't lead to a meaningful quantum theory. Finally, I comment that this has an impact on the foundations of different approaches to quantum gravity.
We are interested in the so-called "combined effect" of two different kinds of nonlinear terms for semilinear wave equations in one space dimension. Recently, the first result with the same formulation as in the higher dimensional case has been obtained if and only if the total integral of the initial speed is zero, namely Huygens' principle holds. In this paper, we extend the nonlinear term to the general form including the product type. Such model equations are extremely meaningful only in one space dimension because the most cases in higher dimensions possess the global-in-time existence of a classical solution in the general theory for nonlinear wave equations. It is also remarkable that our results on the lifespan estimates are partially better than those of the general theory. This fact tells us that there is a possibility to improve the general theory which was expected complete more than 30 years ago.
We prove the density property for generalized Calogero--Moser spaces with inner degrees of freedom. This allows us to describe the holomorphic automorphism group of these complex affine manifolds. These generalized Calogero--Moser spaces can also be understood as quiver varieties corresponding to moduli spaces of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ instantons on a non-commutative $\mathbb{R}^4$.
I introduce a survey of economic expectations formed by querying a large language model (LLM)'s expectations of various financial and macroeconomic variables based on a sample of news articles from the Wall Street Journal between 1984 and 2021. I find the resulting expectations closely match existing surveys including the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF), the American Association of Individual Investors, and the Duke CFO Survey. Importantly, I document that LLM based expectations match many of the deviations from full-information rational expectations exhibited in these existing survey series. The LLM's macroeconomic expectations exhibit under-reaction commonly found in consensus SPF forecasts. Additionally, its return expectations are extrapolative, disconnected from objective measures of expected returns, and negatively correlated with future realized returns. Finally, using a sample of articles outside of the LLM's training period I find that the correlation with existing survey measures persists -- indicating these results do not reflect memorization but generalization on the part of the LLM. My results provide evidence for the potential of LLMs to help us better understand human beliefs and navigate possible models of nonrational expectations.
We investigate unbiased high-dimensional mean estimators in differential privacy. We consider differentially private mechanisms whose expected output equals the mean of the input dataset, for every dataset drawn from a fixed bounded $d$-dimensional domain $K$. A classical approach to private mean estimation is to compute the true mean and add unbiased, but possibly correlated, Gaussian noise to it. In the first part of this paper, we study the optimal error achievable by a Gaussian noise mechanism for a given domain $K$ when the error is measured in the $\ell_p$ norm for some $p \ge 2$. We give algorithms that compute the optimal covariance for the Gaussian noise for a given $K$ under suitable assumptions, and prove a number of nice geometric properties of the optimal error. These results generalize the theory of factorization mechanisms from domains $K$ that are symmetric and finite (or, equivalently, symmetric polytopes) to arbitrary bounded domains. In the second part of the paper we show that Gaussian noise mechanisms achieve nearly optimal error among all private unbiased mean estimation mechanisms in a very strong sense. In particular, for every input dataset, an unbiased mean estimator satisfying concentrated differential privacy introduces approximately at least as much error as the best Gaussian noise mechanism. We extend this result to local differential privacy, and to approximate differential privacy, but for the latter the error lower bound holds either for a dataset or for a neighboring dataset, and this relaxation is necessary.
Este trabajo presenta discusiones sobre la enseñanza de la diversidad cultural en el nivel de la formación docente. El trabajo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio dedicado a indagar las concepciones docentes sobre inclusión y diversidad, asumiendo una triangulación a partir de avances desarrollados en distintas aproximaciones. Se parte de contextualizar la formación docente en la temática en el contexto argentino. El escrito discute enfoques sobre la cultura y la diversidad a partir de una perspectiva analítica que articula el conocimiento etnográfico en ámbitos escolares y dilemas propios de la enseñanza pensados en el nivel de formación.
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Social sciences (General)
Abstract In reply to the claim that syntax is not taken into account in Linguistic Meaning Meets Linguistic Form, I show that local syntactic analysis has been implemented in the treatment of aspectual verbs and verbs of positive and negative recall, where the syntactic function of the -ing form as direct object of the main verb is put into relation with the main verb’s meaning as the basis for the inferences drawn concerning the temporal relation between the main verb’s event and that expressed by the complement. I argue that I have also developed new tools of syntactic analysis for the to-infinitive, demonstrating that it is not the direct object of the main verb, but rather a goal- or result-specifier, and showing how this accounts for the fact that its event is always understood to be somehow subsequent to that of the main verb. Regarding the applicability of formal semantics to natural language, I argue that the absolute priority accorded to the truth-functional dimension of language by this type of semantics leads to the artificial separation of use-conditions from truth-conditions, with the former being treated as an additional interpretational function added on to the truth-functional one. Contra the autonomous syntax claim that our desire to express meaning is to a great extent independent of the means we use to express those meanings, it is argued that how we perceive the world in our experience is influenced by our system of linguistic representation.
Clustering bipartite graphs is a fundamental task in network analysis. In the high-dimensional regime where the number of rows $n_1$ and the number of columns $n_2$ of the associated adjacency matrix are of different order, existing methods derived from the ones used for symmetric graphs can come with sub-optimal guarantees. Due to increasing number of applications for bipartite graphs in the high dimensional regime, it is of fundamental importance to design optimal algorithms for this setting. The recent work of Ndaoud et al. (2022) improves the existing upper-bound for the misclustering rate in the special case where the columns (resp. rows) can be partitioned into $L = 2$ (resp. $K = 2$) communities. Unfortunately, their algorithm cannot be extended to the more general setting where $K \neq L \geq 2$. We overcome this limitation by introducing a new algorithm based on the power method. We derive conditions for exact recovery in the general setting where $K \neq L \geq 2$, and show that it recovers the result in Ndaoud et al. (2022). We also derive a minimax lower bound on the misclustering error when $K = L$ under a symmetric version of our model, which matches the corresponding upper bound up to a factor depending on $K$.
The friction between madhhabs in Aceh, especially between the Ahlisunnah Wal Jamaah (Aswaja) and Wahabi have become increasingly sharp in recent decades. Religious tolerance in Aceh has suffered a setback with the existence of various religious incidents such as the expulsion of preachers, seizure of mosque control, burning of mosque foundations. The Aswaja party is dominated by ulama Dayah (Islamic school scholars) and their followers, while the Wahabi party is aimed at campus Islamic scholars, especially those with Middle Eastern backgrounds. In response to these findings, PTAI (Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam/Islamic Higher Education) in Aceh offered various solutions. UIN Ar-Raniry seeks to bring together Ulama Dayah and campus scholars to carry out dialogue and consensus. IAIN Langsa prefers not to be involved in the Aswaja and Wahabi conflicts because they consider the friction of madhhab in Aceh is not purely a religious issue, but rather a political one. STAIN Dirundeng Meulaboh is more inclined to the Aswaja and so is the Al-Muslim Bireuen Campus considering having leaders from the Muhammadiyah circle.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Islam
Hanneke Kip, Marcia C. Da Silva, Yvonne H.A. Bouman
et al.
Background: Research has shown that self-control training (SCT) is an effective intervention to increase self-control and behaviour driven by self-control, such as reactive aggression. We developed an app that offers SCT by asking users to use their non-dominant hand for daily tasks, and aimed to examine whether participants that received SCT via app or e-mail, and received either one daily task or five tasks at once, improved more in self-control and decreased in aggression compared to each other and a control group. Methods: The design of this study was based on a pilot study in which a first version of the SCT app was developed and tested with students via a pretest-posttest design. Based on the outcomes of the pilot study, a 2 × 2 full factorial design (N = 204) with control group (n = 69) was used, with delivery via e-mail versus app and receiving one daily task versus five at once as factors. During four measuring points, self-control was assessed via the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) and the Go/No-Go task, aggression was assessed using the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ). In the final questionnaire, open-ended questions were asked to gain insight into the app's points of improvement. Quantitative data were analysed using repeated measures linear mixed models, qualitative data were analysed via inductive coding. Results: While no interaction effects were found, analyses showed that only the BSCS-scores of participants that used the app significantly improved over time (F[3, 196.315] = 4.090, p = .008), no improvements were observed in the e-mail and control condition. No meaningful differences in aggression, the Go/No-Go task, and between the one- and five-task conditions and control groups were found. Qualitative data showed that while the opinions on SCT-tasks differed, participants were overall satisfied with the intervention, but wanted more reminders. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that an SCT app has the potential to bolster self-control. No convincing effects on aggression were found in this student sample, which might be explained by the relatively low levels of aggression in this target group. Consequently, the app should also be investigated in populations with aggression regulation problems. Future research might also focus on the use of SCT to improve other types of behaviour driven by self-control, such as physical activity or smoking. Finally, a more personalized version of the app, in which users can select the number and types of SCT-tasks, should be developed and evaluated.
Same sex marriage is currently an international and controversial issue. The issues drive people from around the world, with different culture, religion, and countries into a dividing debate: is same-sex marriage needs to be legalized or banned? The debates brought some countries in different stances, some legalize, some ban and criminalize, and some without clear or specific rules in banning or legalizing it. Due to the differences found between countries, this research aims to provide answer and conclusion to this crucial question: is same-sex marriage is a universal human rights, in which countries should recognize and legalize it? The results of this study show that same-sex marriage is not a phenomenon or a right that can be accepted and recognized in all countries, cultural settings, and religions. Therefore same-sex marriage does not fulfill the requirements to be said as a universal human right which absolutely must be recognized, accepted, and fulfilled by all countries (without exceptional) in the world. Therefore, the policy to legalize or prohibit same-sex marriage is entirely an open legal policy which can be freely chosen by each sovereign state. There is no obligation under international law to legalize or prohibit that matter because it is not a universal human rights and moral standard which can be enforced recognition and fulfillment in every country.
Value always manifests together in actions or actions carried out by humans whenever and wherever humans have needs, although it cannot be denied that sometimes the context of values ??is mostly wrapped in dialogical and dialectical uses of simple language which is difficult to philosophize. The problem is whether we are aware of it or not? actually we are discussing a value ?. Questioning the benchmarks regarding the value, situation and status of the value, investigating the statement of an object and other possibilities related to the nature of value. Research on the axiology of Islamic education management science, the author examined using the library method or literature review, the goal is that the orientation of the values ??expected from the implementation of Islamic education management science can be known for its definition and benefits. The results of this study are the orientation of the values ??expected from the implementation of Islamic education management science itself is to embed leadership, managerial and organizational values ??into a personal soul that is stable, dynamic, independent and creative, so that in action it is always based on tangible Islamic characters. in several values, namely the value of worship, the value of benefit, the value of mercy (affection), the value of goodness, the value of long-term orientation, and submission to God.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>0. We compute the Weyl filtration multiplicities in indecomposable tilting modules and the decomposition numbers for the general linear group over k in terms of cap diagrams under the assumption that p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the partitions involved. Then we introduce and study the rational Schur functor from a category of GL_n-modules to the category of modules for the walled Brauer algebra. As a corollary we obtain the decomposition numbers for the walled Brauer algebra when p is bigger than the greatest hook length in the partitions involved. This is a sequel to an earlier paper on the symplectic group and the Brauer algebra.
Resumo: Neste artigo, recusa-se o frequente pessimismo de Freud, tantas vezes denunciado por seus leitores, em relação à vida dos homens e aos destinos da humanidade, recusa auxiliada pela distinção, em sua obra, entre o domínio da metapsicologia e o da clínica. O primeiro domínio, fortemente associado à sistematização da psicanálise, admite um determinismo naturalista que, em seus termos, não prevê a autodeterminação do homem, da civilização e seus destinos, isto é, não tem a liberdade como uma noção operatória, caso em que as especulações teóricas foram compostas por certo ponto de vista evolucionista, partilhado com a biologia, assim como pelo ponto de vista entrópico, partilhado com a física. Sustenta-se que a metapsicologia foi assim concebida na ordem dos princípios que orientam a evolução de cada homem e da humanidade, segundo uma finalidade que comporta sua própria exaustão, por isso é aqui denominada entrópico-declinista. O segundo domínio, relacionado ao diagnóstico e às técnicas de cura, comporta uma noção de homem e de civilização que, longe de ser resultado de uma providência natural ou sobrenatural, o é de si mesmo, caso em que admite um tipo de autoesclarecimento, de escolhas e mesmo de autorregulação visando, no limite, à autoprodução humana que permite postergar o destino entrópico da humanidade, que neste texto se nomeia de emancipatória. Da distinção metodológica de ambas, espera-se discernir a filosofia da história e da natureza que estaria contida em sua obra.