Hasil untuk "Political science"

Krzysztof Freliszka

DOMINIK LASOK, POLISH-BRITISH LAWYER AND PHILOSOPHER: LIFE, WORKS AND IDEAS This article presents the life and ideas of Dominik Lasok, a Polish-British lawyer and philosopher. Born in Silesia to a Polish family, he took part in the Second World War. After studying law in Switzerland, he made his home in the UK and became widely known as an authority in European law. He was known for his remarkable enthusiasm for teaching and his unwavering belief in the value of international legal cooperation. His output as an author was exceptionally rich. He wrote more than a dozen books and at least 160 scholarly articles on a variety of subjects - most notably on European law and family law. Dominik Lasok also had invaluable achievements in promoting Polish law abroad. The article emphasizes his accomplishments, such as founding England’s first European Law Centre. Furthermore, his views on the EU as a distinct entity and his emphasis on the ethical dimension of law, especially Christian ethics, are highlighted.

Zsolt Pádár, Mónika Nogel, Gábor Kovács et al.

The causal relationship between human interference in both climate change and decrease in biodiversity is unquestionable. This fact supports the need to act effectively against those illegal activities affecting wildlife. Hungary is also involved in wildlife crimes, but there is a noticeable deficit in the processes of uncovering these actions, gathering proof and punishing those responsible. In this study the Authors examine what role forensics may play in the fight against wildlife crime. Aim: Present the characteristics of wildlife crimes and outline the main features of wildlife forensics. Methodology: The current national and international legal background and norms and guidelines for professional conduct are surveyed. The Authors also reviewed the most important relevant Hungarian and international scientific literature. Findings: One of the most important and vital tasks of modern civilization is the preservation and protection of the environment – with an emphasis on life on Earth. As part of this process there is a place for law enforcement to detect, punish and prevent further criminal activity connected with illegal activities involving wildlife. In Hungary the major barriers to effective punishment of those responsible for wildlife crimes are primarily: the lack of forensic technicians with sufficient specialized knowledge and practice; missing specialized standard operational protocols; insufficient knowledge of biology within law enforcement; insufficient funding of non-human genetic laboratories and the lack of adequate non-human (genetic) databases. Value: For the first time in Hungary, the Authors outline the basic characteristics of wildlife forensics.

Suripto, Arif Sugiono, Havid Dasuki

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the resilience of Islamic and conventional banking in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparison of banking resilience was proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) factors, Return on Assets (ROA) and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) with the Multiple Discriminant Analysis test. In this case, the emphasis is placed on the patterns by which Islamic and conventional banking in ASEAN weathered the recent financial crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The explanatory and quantitative analysis also used a purposive sample strategy and SPSS to obtain and analyze data from 120-unit analyses of Islamic and conventional banks, respectively. From 2020 to 2021, traditional banks in the ASEAN region, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam, were emphasized. Moreover, some data were prioritized regarding the Comparison of Resilience of Sharia and Conventional Banking in ASEAN after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that conventional and Islamic banks had different resilience due to the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) factors, but there was no significant difference in the Return on Assets (ROA) and Non-Performing Loans (NPL). Based on the accuracy of the average prediction of 80%, conventional and Islamic bank groups had classification values of 48% and 88%, respectively. This indicated that Islamic financial institutions were more successful than conventional groups in implementing banking resilience.

Edgardo Cristiam Iván López De La Cruz, Sheyla Nicida Arévalo Vidal

Este trabajo trata sobre el uso de un nuevo termino denominado “educación artifcial”, donde aún no se hace mención en escritos u obras, donde solo aparece tal vez como la aplicación de la inteligencia artifcial al campo educativo. Su objetivo es dar un entendimiento de lo que, con probabilidad, se usará próximamente: la educación artifcial, la cual no es más que la aplicación y la obtención de muchos benefcios de la inteligencia artifcial en la educación; la idea de que una maquina pueda crear curriculas actualizadas en base a las demandas sociales, laborales y sociedades del conocimiento, también de considerar tutores inteligentes para guiar el aprendizaje del alumno, creando rutas de aprendizaje que le permitan aprender de sus errores y dirigiéndolo al éxito de cada actividad. Asimismo, se habla sobre algunos casos prácticos en el mundo de esta tecnologia y cómo se viene desempeñando la labor del docente. A su vez, se realiza una proyección de cómo sería el escenario educativo si consideráramos una inteligencia artifcial avanzada, que reemplace defnitivamente la labor docente y a la persona humana. También hablamos de centros educativos, locales en el hogar, asistidos por una inteligencia artifcial interconectada con otras y empleando herramientas digitales, así como escenarios virtuales asistidos por la realidad virtual y de hardware altamente sofsticado para el procesamiento real de imágenes y de datos actualizados y purgados. Estos sistemas serían alimentados por comunidades de inteligencias artifciales en relación a una disciplina o materia, y así sucesivamente la continuidad y la proyección de lo que se podría lograr es inimaginable; más si cabe ahora con la creación del meta verso, la evolución de la realidad virtual, y el incremento de los dispositivos inmersivos.

Boris P. Guseletov

The article analyzes the cooperation of one of the leading pan–European political organizations – the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) – with its partners in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership program (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova). Since 2014, European conservatives and reformists have sought to establish partnerships with the conservative parties of these countries and even accepted them into their ranks as full members. The profiles of these organizations and their leaders, the results of participation in national parliamentary, presidential and local elections, interaction with other political forces of their countries on the formation of electoral and ruling coalitions were studied. The main provisions of their program documents, which reflect the pro-European choice, as well as press releases and statements by the leaders of the AECR concerning the situation in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership, are given. It is shown that the AECR actively supported this program and its partners, regardless of their electoral results. It was noted that in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Moldova, local AECR member parties initially achieved good results in elections, including in national parliaments, but in recent years some of them have found themselves on the political periphery. The reasons for this phenomenon vary from country to country. Nevertheless, European conservatives and reformists are confident that as the situation stabilizes, the issues of strengthening sovereignty and preserving traditional values will return to the political agenda and become in demand again.

Grzegorz Adam Kawalec

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie zarządu „kadłubowego” w spółce z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością. Omawiana instytucja prawa handlowego nie została unormowana przez Kodeks spółek handlowych, lecz została wypracowana przez doktrynę. Autor w niniejszym artykule przedstawia typowe aspekty funkcjonowania zarządu – reprezentacja spółki oraz prowadzenie spraw spółki przez zarząd „kadłubowy”. Analizując różne stanowiska wypracowane zarówno przez doktrynę, jak i orzecznictwo sądowe, Autor stara się pokazać, że ważniejszą kwestią od istnienia samego organu dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania spółki niezbędna jest odpowiednia liczebność organu w celu dokonania ważnych czynności prawnych w sferze zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej stosunków w spółce z o.o. Autor wskazuje również propozycje de lege ferenda, dzięki którym zarząd „kadłubowy” nie stanowiłby problemu dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania spółki w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych. W końcowej części pracy Autor analizuje rolę kuratora w spółce pod względem jego uprawnień związanych z prowadzeniem spraw spółki oraz jej reprezentacją.

Rasul Noruzi Firuz

The purpose of this study is to investigate how civilization as an emerging phenomenon is influential in the international system. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were collected with library method. The result of this research was an understanding of how a civilized state put to work and its difference with other actors (say, a national state), and how they react in the contemporary international system. The knowledge outcome of the procedural analysis of civilization influence in the world’s order and demonstration of such a process leads us to consider the necessity of the level of civilization analysis or civilization theories. For civilization actors, the continuation of reacting in territorial and national situation is perilous and render part of the capacity of the actors’ silent, leading to the reemergence of the experience of the early twentieth century in Iran, Turkey, etc. Remaining in national state and territorial state both at domestic and foreign policy cause part of the influential resources of the states to be withdrawn from operational cycle. Maintaining specified limit and boundaries on a national and territorial reading basis accounts for a particular type of cessation, as components of identity tend to be externalized as much as possible. Understanding how a civilized state emerges can lead us to an understanding of a civilized state’s reaction in the international relations, contributing to the way peace is secured in a particular region or in the international system and the world’s order, and the buildup of convergence level. <br /><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The purpose of this study is to investigate how civilization as an emerging phenomenon is influential in the international system. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were collected with library method. The result of this research was an understanding of how a civilized state put to work and its difference with other actors (say, a national state), and how they react in the contemporary international system. The knowledge outcome of the procedural analysis of civilization influence in the world’s order and demonstration of such a process lead us to consider the necessity of the level of civilization analysis or civilization theories. For civilization actors, the continuation of reacting in territorial and national situation is perilous and render part of the capacity of the actors’ silent, leading to the reemergence of the experience of the early twentieth century in Iran, Turkey, etc. Remaining in national state and territorial state both at domestic and foreign policy cause part of the influential resources of the states to be withdrawn from operational cycle. Maintaining specified limit and boundaries on a national and territorial reading basis accounts for a particular type of cessation, as components of identity tend to be externalized as much as possible. Understanding how a civilized state emerges can lead us to an understanding of a civilized state’s reaction in the international relations, contributing to the way peace is secured in a particular region or in the international system and the world’s order, and the buildup of convergence level.</span> <br />

Oscar Ugalde Hernandez

Con respecto de sus fundamentos, las iniciativas del comercio justo experimentaron una metamorfosis entre la década de 1940 y finales de la década de 1980.  A través de las escuelas de pensamiento icónicas de la dependencia y del "desarrollo del subdesarrollo", la evolución de la teoría del desarrollo ha formado los principios y supuestos del comercio justo. A pesar de que estas escuelas de pensamiento cuestionan los supuestos de los mercados neoliberales, su intención de cambiar el sistema de comercio mundial y su intercambio desigual fue el resultado de una aplicación limitada de las relaciones sociales de producción en lugar de las relaciones económicas de intercambio.  Estos factores, además del papel declinante del Estado en el desarrollo a finales de la década de 1980, el colapso de la Unión Soviética, y la contrarrevolución neoliberal a inicios de la década de 1990, llevaron al movimiento del comercio justo a redireccionar su enfoque. El resurgimiento de las fuerzas neoliberales a inicios de la década de 1990, llevó a la red del comercio justo (lo que quedó del movimiento originado en la década de 1940) a implementar estrategias amigables con la filosofía de mercado para posicionarse mejor dentro del mercado dominante internacionalmente. A pesar de que la revolución neoliberal llevó al renacimiento de la red de comercio justo, esto no significa que la red haya perdido su sentido original de precios justos e intercambio justo, o su lealtad a los países del Sur Global. Su nueva realidad es prometedora, pero su nueva “dependencia” en enfoques amigables con el mercado puede también moldear su raison d’être.

Anna Kołodziejczak

Artykuł dotyczy wpływu działań Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w latach 2004–2014, ukierunkowanych na rozwój wielofunkcyjności rolnictwa. Jako podstawę analizy przestrzennej przyjęto w skali powiatów udział liczby zrealizowanych wniosków w ogólnej liczbie gospodarstw rolnych oraz wielkość pozyskanych kwot w przeliczeniu na hektar użytków rolnych, co umożliwiło konstrukcję syntetycznego wskaźnika oraz wydzielenie poziomów oddziaływania funduszy UE na rozwój wielofunkcyjności rolnictwa województwa wielkopolskiego.

Natalie Edwards, Christopher Hogarth

In this article, we argue that Maxine Beneba Clarke’s tale ‘The Stilt Fishermen of Kathaluwa,’ in Foreign Soil (2014), is a provocative representation of migration in contemporary Australia. At a time in which the world is facing its largest migration since the Second World War and in which Australian border policy is making headlines around the world, Clarke’s tale is a powerful intervention in discourses of contemporary Australian identity and nationhood. We demonstrate that the tale is a subtle manipulation of what McCullough terms the ‘refugee narrative structure’ since it carefully undercuts the myth of a nation as a coherent narrative across time and space. By juxtaposing the tales of an illegal migrant and a volunteer case worker, and by setting the tale largely in a functioning detention centre, Clarke gives voice to the voiceless and draws parallels between individuals on different sides of the insider/outsider binary. The encounter that finally takes place between them implicates the reader very directly in discourses of contemporary migration and border policy.

Aila VELI

In this paper I will give a series of pro and against arguments concerning Amitai Etzioni’s statement made in his famous work "The Monochrome Society" which says that the moral voice is much more compatible with freedom of choice rather than with coercion1. Throughout the debate I will analyze the moral voice envisaged by Etzioni in a larger context and I will try to find an answer to the following question: Is the moral voice different from the constraint as we know it (through sanctions, penalties and so on)? The paper is structured in three parts. First part contains a theoretical approach concerning the communitarian thesis and how can we define the moral voice, the second part introduces the main arguments concerning the hypothesis whilst the third part shall conclude with my understanding of the use of the moral voice in a real world.

MARDIYONO MARDIYONO

Abstract At first, the religion only as a transcendental issue, private, and now, it has moved into the social space. So, the role of religion is not only taking care of the relationship with God, but religion has become a tool for interaction among member of social groups. Even, religion is presented in a social space eventually gives rise to social norms are adhered to and complied with members of social groups. The norms are adhered has raised confidence among the people, and then formed a Social Capital. This is good news, because the people in Bandungharjo no longer felt to be in silence. Silence in activity. Even further, social capital is formed from a religious activity means the prevention of social segregation. In fact, the days the developments of religious groups were able to make the social space as civil society Bandungharjo. In more convincing religious activity that is able to present the encounter state and society in the social space initiated. Not only that, with high trust  religious activities that are capable of forming other values ​​than the norm, so that social capital is not just a phenomenon of social labors. Keyword : Religion, Social Space, Trust, Social Capital, Norm, Social Interaction.

Poowin Bunyavejchewin

Ayder Berrío Puerta

Al tomar distancia con el biopoder y la biopolítica, propuestos a mediados de la década del setenta por Michel Foucault, el filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben llega a una concepción biopolítica propia, de vertiente jurídico-filosófica antes que histórica, apoyada en la exclusión-inclusiva de la vida biológica ( nuda vida ) del ser humano, como sustrato primigenio de la política en Occidente. Lo relevante de la tesis de Agamben radica en la capacidad que tiene la exclusión-inclusiva de la nuda vida, para evidenciar un cierto umbral de indistinción o contigüidad entre la democracia y el totalitarismo, en cuanto a sus prácticas de gestión sobre la vida de individuos y poblaciones, sin que por ello, se desconozcan o afecten sus presupuestos filosóficos antagónicos. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una aproximación crítica a las implicaciones que reviste para la teoría y filosofía política la tesis propuesta por el filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, como base de su modelo biopolítico. Por último, este artículo propende por una lectura crítica, no coyuntural, frente a autores y teorías políticas “novedosas” para nuestro medio académico.

M. A. Volhonsky

16 марта 2010 года в МГИМО (У) прошла научно-практическая конференция, посвященная 200-летию включения Абхазии в состав Российской империи. Конференция была организована Центром кавказских исследований, структурным подразделением Института международных исследований МГИМО (У). Высокий уровень конференции подчеркивало присуствие на ней главы правительства Абхазии Сергея Мироновича Шамба, чрезвычайного и полномочного посла Абхазии в России Игоря Мурадовича Ахба а также директора 4 ДСНГ МИД России Андрея Владимировича Келина. Тематика предложенных вниманию аудитории докладов была довольно широкой. Значительное место среди выступлений заняли темы по истории отношений Абхазии и России. Представительной оказалась группа докладов, касавшихся событий выхода Грузии из состава СССР и эскалации вооруженного конфликта в Абхазии. Острые дискуссии среди участников конференции вызвала, затронутая в ряде докладов тема этнической географии и демографии.

Federico Gualandi

José Esteban Martínez Jiménez

Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot

Juan Pablo Ossa.