Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar qué cuestiones tiene en cuenta el productor de textos del ámbito de la reproducción asistida en la fase de elaboración del discurso especializado para guiar la comprensión de un receptor no especialista. Para ello, partimos de un corpus de folletos y guías y observamos diferentes estrategias para facilitar la comprensión: las asunciones y saberes basados en el conocimiento común del mundo de la reproducción asistida, que fortalece con el uso de imágenes conectadas a través de diversas relaciones discursivas con el texto; y la manera en la que gestiona y equilibra la información nueva de los términos especializados con la información conocida o activada durante el proceso de redacción mediante el uso de variantes denominativas, paráfrasis explicativas o estructuras definitorias. Comprobaremos que la elección y la estructuración lingüística de un texto influyen en la creación y configuración del discurso especializado divulgativo.
Aim. The article continues the study “The Formation of Genre Approach to Scientific Text in Russian Linguistics in the 1960s–1970s” and aims to trace the further development of genre studies in Russian linguistics of the 1980s–1990s, specifically the search for methods of genre analysis based on scientific text material.Methodology. The research focuses on the analysis of the works on text stylistics, functional stylistics and poetics considering the problem of genre in general and the genres of academic text in particular. The study is conducted through observation, generalization, interpretation of the results and comparative analysis.Results. It was found out that national academic text studies of the period under consideration shifted their focus from the natural science perspective, which does not take into account either the specificity of text activity or its agent, to the anthropocentric one. The latter used ‘speech genre’ as one of the key concepts explaining the mechanisms of producing and interpreting speech, and multiplicity of text types.Research implications. The obtained results may broaden the horizons of scientific text studies from genre perspective.
Michel Montandon de Oliveira, Pollyanna de Mattos Moura Vecchio
A partir de pesquisas realizadas por Croker (2019) e Herr (2020), neste artigo apresentamos uma proposta de análise de abordagem discursiva do surgimento e uso do termo “computação em nuvem” e seu derivado “salvar na nuvem”. O estudo está amparado em três conceitos abarcados pelo campo epistemológico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa: 1) a vontade de verdade (Foucault, 1999); 2) o interdiscurso (Maingueneau, 2008); e 3) os imaginários sociodiscursivos (Charaudeau, 2017). Procedemos à análise discursiva de uma peça publicitária, uma reportagem de um telejornal brasileiro sobre o surgimento da computação em nuvem e uma charge focada no mesmo tema. Os resultados demonstram que a metáfora da nuvem como um lugar de leveza e superioridade, remetendo à ideia de céu e paraíso, camufla a realidade da computação em nuvem como um repositório privado alocado em robustas infraestruturas de informática que, cada vez mais, causam dependência e obtêm informações dos usuários para utilização em variadas ações lucrativas para as grandes empresas de tecnologias em seus ambientes virtuais.
The article clarifies the concept of dialect, emphasizing the decline in the interest of modern linguistics in dialects. The relevance of the study: language is an indicator of the condition of society and any transformations of social relations primarily manifest themselves in the language environment of the country. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that we studied the dialect of village residents, the village of Skhodnevo, the Klyavlinsky district, the Samara region; for the first time, the linguistic connections of the northeastern dialect of the Russian language in the Samara region and the Tatar language have been established, based on dialect morphology; the study was conducted using new language material (the language material was collected in the homeland of one of the authors of the article). We clarified the reasons for the emergence and interpenetration of some dialectal linguistic phenomena using the following research methods: the method of observation of the villagers’ dialect, descriptive and comparative methods. The lexical features, noted by us, expand the understanding of the typology of the Samara dialects and represent a unique material. At the level of phonetics and morphology, typological differences include the shift of stress, akanye and the southern Russian pronunciation of the sound [g]. Thus, the lexical features of Russian dialects can easily be borrowed from one dialect by the other. This material will be useful for teachers of the Russian language and students of philology.
Статтю присвячено аналізові семантико-синтаксичного потенціалу синкретичних сполучників підрядності-сурядності в ідостилі Валерія Шевчука.
Простудійовано специфіку синкретизму сполучних засобів на матеріалі творів «Дім на горі», «На полі смиренному», «Око прірви», «Початок жаху», «Привид мертвого дому», «Три листки за вікном». Вагомою для нашого дослідження стала класифікація синкретичних сполучних засобів Л. В. Шитик, розроблена на основі типології сполучників К. Г. Городенської.
Досліджено функційний потенціал виокремлених сполучників підрядності-сурядності як маркерів семантико-синтаксичних відношень у синкретичних складних реченнях. Схарактеризовано прикметні ознаки таких семантичних розрядів аналізованих сполучників: пояснювально-виокремлювальних, акцентовано-виокремлювальних, пояснювально-з’ясувальних, часово-зіставних, умовно-зіставних, допустово-протиставних.
Різновиди сполучників співвіднесені з двома типами синкретичних складних речень: підрядними за формою і сурядними за значенням (пояснювальний і зіставлювальний підтипи) та підрядно-сурядними за формою і значенням (допустово-протиставний підтип). З’ясовано аналогійні семантико-синтаксичні відношення для парцельованих конструкцій. У синтаксичному варіанті простого ускладненого речення аналізовані сполучники витлумачені як маркери відокремленості другорядних членів речення та однорідності зв’язку між членами речення. Визначено граматичні й семантико-синтаксичні особливості авторського стилю в межах досліджуваної теми.
Приклади з творів письменника підтвердили активність функціювання кожної з підгруп сполучників підрядності-сурядності та особливості їх семантико-синтаксичного вияву. Серед пояснювально-виокремлювальних сполучників найактивніше вживаним є зокрема, з-поміж акцентовано-виокремлювальних – особливо, у межах пояснювально-з’ясувальних – а саме, часово-зіставних, умовно-зіставних – тоді як, коли …то, допустово-протиставних – хай …але, хоч …але. Визначено кількісні показники частотності вживання кожного сполучного засобу. Найменш представлена у творах В. Шевчука підгрупа акцентовано-виокремлювальних сполучників, найчисельнішою є група допустово-протиставних.
A Ukrainian translation of the first work of the Greek-speaking historian’s of the era of Roman rule Herodian (III century AD) "The History of the Empire after Marcus Aurelius" (Τῆς μετὰ Μάρκον βασιλείας ἱστορίας βιβλια ὀκτώ), which describes the events in the political the life of the Roman Empire from 180 to 238 AD, that is, from the death of Marcus Aurelius to the coming to power of Gordian III, is offered to the attention of scientists and the general public. Book I covers the reign of emperor Commodus (180–192 AD). The Ukrainian translation of the work is published for the first time in bilingual form. The scientific editor of the translation is Lesia Zvonska, Dlitt., professor of the department of general linguistics, classical philology and neo-hellenistic studies of the Educational and scientific institute of philology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Original text source: Lucarini, C.M. ed. (2005). Herodiani Regnum post Marcum. Munich: Saur.
The purpose of the systematic review is to identify the main areas in the study of expressive syntax in Russian linguistics. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it reviews and systematises the works of Soviet and Russian linguists up to 2021, which are devoted to the syntactic aspect of expressiveness research using the material of Russian and foreign languages. The result of the conducted analysis amounts to defining the main areas and identifying the key tasks of this actively developing branch of syntactic research, determining the most discussed expressive syntactic forms, as well as describing the methodology of their research.
The aim of the study is to reveal the features of gender-aspect relations in the terminology of computer linguistics on the basis of their comprehensive analysis. The article researches the structural organization of computer linguistics terms based on the processes of hyper-hyponymy, shows the relationship between the terms within the framework of privative and equivalent oppositions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that a classification of gender-aspect relations in the terminology of computer linguistics formed according to various characteristics has been compiled for the first time. As a result of the study, the types of hierarchical structures have been identified representing the patterns of hyper-hyponymic relationships between the elements of the terminological system of computer linguistics.
The final years of the 2010s marked an upturn in coverage on climate change. In Sweden, legacy media wrote more on the issue than ever before, especially in connection to the drought and wildfires in the summer of 2018 and the Fridays for Future movement started by Greta Thunberg. Reporting on climate change also reached unprecedented levels in the growingly influential far-right media ecosystem; from being a topic discussed hardly at all, it became a prominent issue. In this study, we use a toolkit from critical discourse analysis (CDA) to research how three Swedish far-right digital media sites reported on climate during the years 2018–2019. We show how the use of conspiracy theories, anti-establishment rhetoric, and nationalistic arguments created an antagonistic reaction to increased demands for action on climate change. By putting climate in ironic quotation marks, a discourse was created where it was taken for granted that climate change was a hoax.
Este artículo, que deriva de una investigación doctoral, tiene como propósito comprender las representaciones subjetivas que sobre la escritura en redes sociales virtuales tienen algunos jóvenes universitarios. Se parte de la comprensión de la subjetividad como un entramado singular que implica marcas culturales, elecciones conscientes y un saber inconsciente. En términos metodológicos, la investigación se orientó por el estudio de caso como método que pone en relación las coordenadas culturales con los rasgos singulares. Los hallazgos permiten examinar las representaciones subjetivas a partir de dos usos de la escritura en las redes sociales virtuales: el primero, unas ‘escrituras del yo’ que desde géneros confesionales exponen la propia intimidad a la mirada de todos; y el segundo, unas ‘escrituras del nosotros’ sensibles a las realidades sociales del país y comprometidas políticamente.
: In linguistic pragmatics norms can be seen as traditions that guide verbal interaction. In order to pin down the notion of tradition, we use a model of linguistic pragmatics that goes back to Eugenio Coseriu’s system of linguistic competence and to the concept of tradition elaborated by Ramón Menéndez Pidal, thus bringing together linguistics and philology. The functioning of norms as traditions is illustrated with two examples: with a routine of verbal politeness and with a narration style that is based on the aspect system of Romance languages and functions as a cultural tradition.
The tourism industry has been affected dramatically by the appearance of the Web 2. This research aims to perform a clear and measurable evaluation of a varied sample of ten of these travel blogs and their application of the Web 2.0 attributes in order to present a potential set of guidelines to be applied by future blogs. The study is based on an in depth comparative analysis of various metrics related to the blogs’ profile, content, website performance/usability, social media, and marketing usage, with the help of different tables that were created for each of these sections. The results are later combined with the expert opinion of five different travel, journalism, and/or digital communication professionals. It is anticipated that travel blogs that operate as businesses utilize the Web 2.0 tools and informative attributes not only in their content, but also in their distribution, design, and digital ecosystems.
Este artigo pretende fazer uma autoetnografia cultural negativa de uma ida ao cinema para assistir à ópera Cosi fan tutte (1789), de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, no Shopping Galleria, em Campinas. A produção foi realizada musicalmente por Philippe Jordan e coreograficamente por Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker para a orquestra da Opéra National de Paris, lançada na Europa em 2017 e que chega ao Brasil no primeiro semestre de 2018, graças ao Festival Ópera na Tela. Tendo em vista as contradições da relação entre ópera e cinema e como essas tensões se intensificam quando transferidas do eixo Europa e EUA para países de modernização tardia, este estudo autoetnográfico da ida à ópera pretende fazer uma crítica à ideia de uma noção de tempo como progressão abstrata e homogênea.
As fan fictions estimulam o entendimento crítico do fã, uma vez que as histórias propiciam a leitura crítica e criativa dos universos ficcionais, conforme discute Jenkins (2012). A partir deste contexto, o artigo reflete sobre o diálogo entre a competência midiática e o Twittertainment na social TV brasileira. Esta categoria de fan fiction, que é produzida pelos telespectadores interagentes ávidos de maneira síncrona à exibição da programação, imbrica dois desdobramentos da competência midiática, o Twitter literacy e o remix literacy. Para isso, são analisados os perfis criados no Twitter pelos fãs das telenovelas da Rede Globo, cujos conteúdos remixam distintos contextos e linguagens, propagam o universo ficcional e atualizam discussões sobre questões sociais e políticas.
Philosophy, philology and linguistics, using similar research material but different methods and approaches, constitute the basis of terminological studies. Analyzing the existing literature the authors discover the theoretical foundations of studies aimed to describe and systematize terminologies and terminological systems. The paper focuses on identifying the basis methods of the terminology science as well as tendencies and trends of its development. Multi-paradigmatic nature of modern scientific knowledge determines the tendency of terminology science not to merely describe but to explain facts and phenomena.
This article studies the modern development of the comparative method in the humanities and social sciences within Europe and the United States, and specifically addresses comparative subfields of philology, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, political science, literature, history, and folklore studies. A juxtapositional study of these disciplinary histories demonstrates the historical relation between their methods and relation to other fields, like comparative anatomy. It elucidates several recurrent features of the different applications of comparativism, particularly a consistent tension between genetic (or historical) versus functionalist (or contextual) explanations for common patterns, and suggests that comparatists would benefit from closer study both of the history of the method and its development within other fields. Ultimately this study casts fresh light on the modern history of the humanities, their incomplete differentiation from social-scientific fields like sociology and political science, and the interdisciplinary exchanges that have often shaped entire fields of study.
Com uma vida totalmente dedicada à educação, Selma Garrido Pimenta é aposentada como Professora Titular Sênior da Faculdade de Educação (FE-USP) e Professora Assistente no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Católica de Santos. Coordena o GEPEFE - Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Formação do Educador, junto ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação – FEUSP, e acompanha de perto as recentes mudanças na Educação brasileira. Nesta entrevista, a professora faz uma análise detalhada das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial e Continuada dos Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica, aprovadas em 2015; além disso, faz uma crítica à privatização da escola pública, à formação de professores, e ao processo de mercantilização do ensino superior no Brasil.
Special aspects of education, Communication. Mass media