Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

Fengke Lin, Yuedi Xu, Siyu Lin et al.

Pukeng tea (PKT), a traditional Chinese dark tea, has been consumed for centuries, yet its volatile and microbial dynamics remain unclear. This study integrated metabolomics, chemometrics, and microbiome analysis to explore PKTs with 3–20 years of storage. HS-SPME-GC–MS identified 189 volatiles, mainly alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. PCA and PLS-DA revealed distinct metabolite patterns, with 46 differential volatiles, such as 1-butanol and 1-penten-3-ol, characterized as potential discriminants among PKT samples. Microbiota analysis showed 11 dominant bacterial genera, shifting from Firmicutes in early storage to Actinobacteriota in later stages, while Aspergillus dominated fungal communities. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between dominant microbes such as Staphylococcus and Saccharopolyspora and aroma-active volatiles, suggesting microbial contributions to PKT's evolving flavor. This study provides the first integrated characterization of volatile and microbial diversity in PKT, offering insights into quality control, product authentication, and functional microbe discovery for the sustainable development of traditional dark teas.

Sintha Fransiske Simanungkalit, Chandrayani Simanjorang, Dora Samaria et al.

Latar Belakang: Prestasi puncak seorang atlet tidak hanya ditentukan oleh intensitas latihan rutin, tetapi juga dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh integrasi faktor pendukung yang kompleks seperti asupan gizi, tingkat pengetahuan, dan kondisi fisik secara menyeluruh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebugaran fisik, konsumsi protein, pengetahuan gizi, dan status gizi dengan tingkat prestasi atlet. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian mencakup atlet sepak bola, catur tuna netra, dan taekwondo yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling dengan total 143 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan bleep test. Uji normalitas menunjukkan data tidak berdistribusi normal (p-value<0,05), sehingga analisis hubungan antar variabel dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Mayoritas responden adalah laki-laki (85,3%) dan atlet tingkat regional (67,8%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 61,0% atlet memiliki kebugaran fisik yang baik, meskipun 60,8% di antaranya memiliki konsumsi protein di bawah rata-rata kebutuhan harian. Sebanyak 53,1% responden memiliki pengetahuan gizi yang baik dan 77,2% memiliki status gizi normal. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara prestasi dengan kebugaran fisik (p-value=0,013), konsumsi protein (p-value<0,001), dan pengetahuan gizi (p-value=0,008). Namun, status gizi ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan prestasi (p-value=0,055). Kesimpulan: Kebugaran fisik, konsumsi protein, dan pengetahuan gizi merupakan faktor krusial yang berhubungan langsung dengan prestasi atlet. Keberhasilan atlet sangat bergantung pada dukungan asupan dan pengetahuan gizi serta kondisi fisik yang prima.

Qi Qi, Danmeng Liu, Liang Wang et al.

IntroductionIron is an essential nutrient during pregnancy and may influence the early development of the neonatal gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal dietary iron intake during pregnancy and the gut microbiota (GM) characteristics of both the mother and neonate in a well-characterized cohort.MethodsNinety-five mother-neonate dyads were included in this study. Mothers completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) providing estimates of dietary iron intake during pregnancy, and participants were categorized into higher (≥ median) or lower (&lt; median) groups of maternal dietary iron intake. Fecal samples were collected from mothers (third trimester) and from neonates, and assessed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Differences in diversity and abundance of GM were compared between groups.ResultsThere was no difference in profile or diversity in maternal samples however, neonatal samples indicated greater diversity of GM in infants of mothers with higher intakes of iron (Shannon p = 0.04; Simpson p = 0.01). After stratification by delivery mode, in the stratum of normal vaginal delivery (NVD), Simpson diversity remained higher in the infants’ GM of mothers with higher intakes of iron (p = 0.04). The relative abundance of the core genus Bifidobacterium in NVD and cesarean section (CS) neonates showed higher in the higher group than that in the lower group, as the difference was not statistically significant. Maternal dietary iron intake was significantly associated with the neonate GM composition with variation explained 10.24% (p = 0.007).ConclusionAdequate dietary iron intake during pregnancy may promote beneficial bacterial colonization and increase the biodiversity of the neonate GM.

Ying Cheng, Yilin Zhang, Xuechun Pang et al.

This study evaluated the safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) KF7, a probiotic strain originating from kefir, for potential use in infant and children's food products in China. The safety evaluation was conducted through a comprehensive approach involving whole-genome sequencing, in vitro and in vivo studies using alternative models: Caenorhabditis elegans (nematodes). Genomic analysis confirmed the absence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in KF7. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated that KF7 exhibits no antibiotic resistance, does not produce indole, is non-hemolytic, and lacks amino acid decarboxylase activity. Furthermore, KF7 was found to not produce histamine and generate only a minimal amount of tyramine when cultured in MRS medium supplemented with amino acids. The strain was also shown to produce both L- and D-lactic acid, with the concentration of D-lactic acid falling within a safe range. To further evaluate the safety of KF7 in vivo, nematode model was employed, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa serving as a pathogenic control and L. rhamnosus GG, known to be safe for infants and children, as a positive control. The results demonstrated that KF7 does not adversely affect nematode egg-laying, egg development, growth, locomotion, or lifespan. Instead, it appeared to have beneficial effects on gut microbiota and extending the nematodes' lifespan. In summary, this study established the method of using nematode as an in vivo evaluation to the safety of probiotics, and the safety data of the KF7 strain was supplemented by in vitro research, which proved that KF7 has a certain degree of safety.

RJ Krista Raye Y. Leocadio, Beth A. Polidoro, Thomas M. Cahill et al.

The growing population in the Philippines pressures its agriculture sector, leading farmers to use pesticides to boost crop productivity. However, this results in pesticide residues on produce, posing potential health risks. This study assessed pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables from selected farms in Bukidnon using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. All 67 samples tested positive, with 10 out of 14 target pesticides detected. Eggplant, broccoli, and bittergourd had the highest residue levels (60%), while chayote and string beans had the least (10%). Most samples were within maximum residue limits (MRLs), except broccoli and cabbage, which exceeded the MRL for indoxacarb. Dietary risk assessment of 410 consumers showed exposure levels below the U.S. EPA’s reference dose, suggesting no immediate noncancer health effects. However, lifetime exposure to multiple pesticides remains a concern. Consumers should be educated on proper handling, storage, and consumption practices to minimize pesticide-related health risks.

Sung-eun Park, On Lee

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the traditional stationary stand type (T-wall) test and the newly developed mobile seated type (Touch pods) test for visual-motor coordination assessment, and to propose a new method for the evaluation of coordination in the National Fitness 100 for adolescents. METHODS A total of 99 adolescents, with an average age of 12.8 years, participated in this study. They were assessed for visual-motor coordination using two types of test tools (T-wall, Touch pods). The correlations between the two tools were examined to verify their reliability. An estimation formula, which applied test equivalency, was derived to apply the results of the Touch pods test to the evaluation standards of the National Fitness 100. RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between the two test tools (r=0.527). When the estimation formula that applies test equivalency was used to apply the results of the two tests to the evaluation standards of the National Fitness 100, the age-grade classification and annual grade ratio appeared to be similar. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the newly developed mobile seated test can be considered a reliable tool for measuring visual-motor coordination compared to the traditional stationary stand-type test, as well as a valid tool that can be applied to National Fitness 100 evaluation. However, further research is required to determine their general application.

Hind Moukham, Alessia Lambiase, Giovanni Davide Barone et al.

Natural products from mushrooms, plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been intensively explored and studied for their preventive or therapeutic potential. Among age-related pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases) represent a worldwide health and social problem. Since several pathological mechanisms are associated with neurodegeneration, promising strategies against neurodegenerative diseases are aimed to target multiple processes. These approaches usually avoid premature cell death and the loss of function of damaged neurons. This review focuses attention on the preventive and therapeutic potential of several compounds derived from natural sources, which could be exploited for their neuroprotective effect. Curcumin, resveratrol, ergothioneine, and phycocyanin are presented as examples of successful approaches, with a special focus on possible strategies to improve their delivery to the brain.

Abstract RETRACTION: Muhammad Sajid Arshad, Urooj Khan, Anam Sadiq, Waseem Khalid, Muhammad Hussain, Ammara Yasmeen, Zubia Asghar, and Hafiza Rehana, “Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and immunity booster green foods: A mini review,” Food Science & Nutrition 8 (2020): 3971–3976, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1719 . The above article, published online on 31 May 2020 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Y. Martin Lo, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. The retraction has been agreed to following concerns about the peer review process. The editorial office found unambiguous evidence that the manuscript was accepted solely based on compromised and insufficient reviewer reports. This evidence was further investigated and verified by the publisher and the Editor‐in‐Chief. As a result, the conclusions of this article are not considered reliable. The authors were notified of the retraction and disagreed with this decision.

María Gricelda Vázquez-Carrillo, Arturo Hernández-Montes, Natalia Palacios-Rojas et al.

Abstract One of the most typical dishes of traditional Mexican cuisine is pozole, made with nixtamalized maize. This dish has a special place as part of the identity of Mexican culture. However, it is time-consuming to prepare. With an increasing demand for precooked maize for pozole and the limited information on its preparation process, this study aims to assess the impact of both traditional (TN) and commercial nixtamalization (CN) on the quality of processed maize and its reception by consumers, focusing on the three most popular maize landraces used in pozole recipes. This study was carried out with the Cacahuacintle (‘CAC’), Elotes Occidentales (‘EO’) and Ancho (‘AN’) landraces, which were nixtamalized using the traditional method (only lime) and the commercial method (lime + additives) and the grain was flowered. The quality of the flowered grain was determined, and a sensory analysis consisting of magnitude of difference tests, a descriptive analysis, affective test and evaluation of consumer preferences was carried out. The ‘CAC’ landrace, when processed traditionally, yielded the highest sensory and commercial quality. The ‘EO’ landrace demanded a longer flowering time, resulting in less volume but retaining the aleurone layer. This characteristic helped preserved a portion of the anthocyanins. Consistently, maize landraces subjected to traditional nixtamalization displayed higher ratings for attributes related to masa and nejayote aroma. The ‘CAC’ landrace subjected to CN faced challenges in acceptability due to odors of acetic acid and sulfuric acid. These findings underscore the importance and advantages the TN techniques. They also emphasize the need to preserve grain quality and meeting consumer preferences when exploring alternative maize processing methods for emerging markets.

Beatrice Mofoluwaso Oladimeji, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo

AbstractDiet is a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of obesity, and various foods have the potential to aid in obesity management by modulating different pathways involved in the disease's pathology. We performed a systematic review of literature, using CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar, focusing on the antiobesity potential of foods crops and functional food products, and their mechanisms of action and clinical evidence. Sixty‐four articles were identified, of which 41 investigated food crops, while 23 investigated functional products. Food crops, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, legumes, herbs, spices, and cocoa seeds, have antiobesity effects through mechanisms such as altering the metabolism of glucolipids by inhibiting enzymes like α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, stimulating the bioenergetics of thermogenic fat, modulating gut microbiota, and inhibiting lipogenesis and storage. In addition, developed functional teas, beverages, and yoghurt have antiobesity effects through similar or different mechanisms, such as enhancing energy expenditure and satiety, suppressing adipogenesis and lipolysis, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and altering hormonal secretion. This review reemphasized the significance of food in the control of obesity, and highlights the distinct methods these explored foods exert their antiobesity effects. In conclusion, foods are safe and effective means of combating obesity without the side effects of conventional drugs, which can help inform dietary choices, assist professionals in providing more accurate advice, and also lead to better understanding of food and its effect on overall health of the public. This approach will eradicate global diseases, especially if more underutilized and indigenous food crops are extensively researched.

Terrence Thomas, Cihat Gunden, Befikadu Legesse

This study draws attention to the potential benefits of leveraging food values to amplify the impact of nutrition education programs. The study has collected data via a telephone survey from 417 randomly selected residents in Guilford County in the state of North Carolina. In our analysis, we have identified and used three underlying dimensions (ethical, social environmental and sensory) that summarize and capture the meaning of food-related values instead of a list of food values commonly used in the literature. Researchers have then used these dimensions as clustering variables to produce three segments from the data: value-positive, value-negative, and hedonic. Results show that residents in the value positive segment had positive perceptions of all values, those in value negative segment had negative perception of all values, and those in the hedonic segment had only positive perception of sensory values. A key finding is that value-positive residents have healthier food-related lifestyles and food-related behaviors than residents in the other segments. Interventions should focus on value-negative and hedonic residents and emphasize value-based education tailored to strengthening social/environmental and ethical food values. To ensure success, interventions should graft healthier lifestyle habits and behaviors on familiar behaviors and lifestyle.

Amélie Lê, Amandine Selle, Philippe Aubert et al.

Background and aimsMaternal diet plays a key role in preventing or contributing to the development of chronic diseases, such as obesity, allergy, and brain disorders. Supplementation of maternal diet with prebiotics has been shown to reduce the risk of food allergies and affect the intestinal permeability in offspring later in life. However, its role in modulating the development of other intestinal disorders, such as colitis, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prebiotic supplementation in pregnant mice on the occurrence of colitis in their offspring.Materials and methodsOffspring from mothers, who were administered prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides and inulin during gestation or fed a control diet, were subjected to three cycles of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) treatment to induce chronic colitis, and their intestinal function and disease activity were evaluated. Colonic remodelling, gut microbiota composition, and lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles were also assessed.ResultsDSS-treated offspring from prebiotic-fed mothers presented a higher disease score, increased weight loss, and increased faecal humidity than those from standard diet-fed mothers. DSS-treated offspring from prebiotic-fed mothers also showed increased number of colonic mucosal lymphocytes and macrophages than the control group, associated with the increased colonic concentrations of resolvin D5, protectin DX, and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and modulation of colonic gene expression. In addition, maternal prebiotic supplementation induced an overabundance of eight bacterial families and a decrease in the butyrate caecal concentration in DSS-treated offspring.ConclusionMaternal prebiotic exposure modified the microbiota composition and function, lipid content, and transcriptome of the colon of the offspring. These modifications did not protect against colitis, but rather sensitised the mice to colitis development.

Jianqiang Deng, Jianqiang Deng, Zhixin Zhang et al.

Understanding the relationships of productivity performance and water utilization and soil nitrogen dynamics after annual forage planting during the fallow period (F) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; W) mono-cropping is critically important for maintaining sustainable livestock and grain production in semiarid regions. We used 2 years (2017–2019) of data to investigate soil nitrogen dynamics, production, water utilization, and fallow efficiency when forage rape (Brassica campestris L.; R) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.; V) were planted in a 3-month summer fallow of the W-F-W-F cropping system. Three cropping systems were comprised of winter wheat-summer fallow-winter wheat-summer fallow (W-F-W-F), winter wheat-forage rape-winter wheat-forage rape (W-R-W-R), and winter wheat-forage rape-winter wheat-common vetch (W-R-W-V). The results showed that the annual forage planting decreased the average NO3−-N content by 54.8% compared with the W-F-W-F cropping system. Compared with the W-F-W-F cropping system, planting annual forage in summer fallow increased the average system forage production by 4.93 t ha−1. Local total annual precipitation can meet crop-water requirements, and the limiting factor for agricultural production was the drought due to the uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation. In comparison to the W-F-W-F cropping system, annual forage planting decreased the average available soil moisture storage by 50.3 mm above the 80 cm soil layer. Compared with that in the W-R-W-R (23.21 t ha−1) and W-F-W-F (30.25 t ha−1) cropping systems, the crop productivity in the W-R-W-V cropping system (33.23 t ha−1) was relatively stable and high because the reduction in subsequent winter wheat yield (2.96 t ha−1) was adequately offset by the forage yield (5.15 t ha−1). Adding forage rape to the W-F-W-F cropping system decreased system crop-water productivity (CWP) by 40.9%. However, the CWP, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), and soil nitrate in the W-R-W-V cropping system increased by 30.4, 30.1, 110.9, and 82.0%, respectively, compared with those in the W-R-W-R cropping system. Therefore, the W-R-W-V cropping system is recommended for better water and fertility management as well as grain and forage production in semiarid regions. However, further study is required to involve drought years for better evaluation of the effect of long-term precipitation variability on the crop productivity.

Nik Siti Zaimah Safiin, Fui Fui Ching, Rossita Shapawi

Palm oil has been recognized as a high potential alternative dietary lipid source to reduce the reliance on expensive fish oil in aquaculture feeds. Unfortunately, most research studies were focusing on the juvenile or grow-out stage of aquatic species. This study was designed to develop weaning microdiets for Asian seabass larvae with dietary fish oil being replaced with crude palm oil (CPO) at 25, 50, and 75% (CPO25, CPO50, and CPO75) and refined bleached deodorized palm olein, refined palm oil (RPO) at 50 and 75% (RPO50 and RPO75) replacement levels. A fish-oil-based microdiet was used as a control treatment (FO100). The triplicate groups of fish larvae with initial weight and length of 1.71 ± 0.13 mg and 5.54 ± 0.34 mm, respectively, were stocked at 150 larvae/tank and co-fed with the experimental microdiets and live feeds (L-type rotifer and artemia). The final body weight (0.54–0.63 g) and specific growth rate (SGR) (12.8–13.13%/d) of fish-fed palm oil-based diets were significantly better than the control diet (0.42 g; 12.21%/day, respectively). In particular, RPO75 yielded the best SGR followed by RPO50, CPO75, CPO50, and CPO25. The feeding intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not statistically different from other treatments (0.2–0.3 g/fish/d and 1.06–1.63, respectively). The survival rate of larvae-fed palm oil-based diets (33.11–46.67%) during the feeding trial was comparable to the control diet (39.33%). In the 65 ppt-salinity stress test at 25 DPH, there was no significant difference in terms of the survival rate of larvae fed the control diet and the CPO-based diets, but the lowest survival rate was observed in the RPO-based diets than the control diet. Higher final whole-body protein and lipid contents (15.3 ± 0.4 and 3.7 ± 0.0%, respectively) were observed in fish-fed CPO50 compared to other treatments. Generally, the replacement of fish oil with palm oil increased the palmitic acid (C:16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) and significantly reduced the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6n3) contents in both the microdiets and larval body, a common observation in this kind of investigation. Considering the good growth and survival of Asian seabass larvae in this study, availability of palm oil, and its competitive price compared to fish oil, it is suggested that weaning diets for Asian seabass larvae can be developed using palm oil as a partial source of dietary lipid.

Thiago Henrique de Oliveira, André Everton de Freitas, Joyce Andrade Batista et al.

Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição de gordura corporal através da bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e caracterizar índices antropométricos em crianças. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com crianças de 7 a 11 anos. Uma amostra de conveniência foi obtida a partir de estudo prévio de avaliação da prevalência de obesidade e sobrepeso em 1019 crianças no município de Ouro Preto-MG. Um total de 89 crianças pertencentes a sete escolas municipais foram incluídas no presente estudo. Foram avaliados o percentual de gordura corporal através do uso da BIA, estado nutricional, caracterização do índice de conicidade (IC) e a relação cintura/estatura (RCE). Resultados: Das 89 crianças o percentual de crianças eutróficas, sobrepeso e obesas foram 15,7 % (n=14), 54 % (n=48) e 30,3 % (n=27). Quanto à avaliação da distribuição corporal através da BIA, as meninas apresentavam maiores percentuais de gordura corporal do que meninos. No que se refere ao IC, não houve uma diminuição dos valores com o avançar da idade. Os valores encontrados para a RCE apresentaram limites acima do preconizados pela literatura. Conclusões: No grupo estudado, meninas apresentam maiores %GC através da análise de BIA do que meninos. Contrapondo os poucos achados na literatura, não observamos uma diminuição IC com o avançar da idade, logo, são necessários novos estudos para estabelecer o comportamento IC em crianças. No que se refere aos valores de RCE, os valores estão acima do limite preconizado na literatura, logo, são necessárias medidas voltadas à promoção da saúde nesta população.

Caterina Conte, Caterina Conte, Maurizio Muscaritoli

Jochen Dürr, Christian Ratompoarison

Edible insects are a healthy, sustainable, and environmentally friendly protein alternative. Thanks to their quantitative and qualitative protein composition, they can contribute to food security, especially in Africa, where insects have been consumed for centuries. Most insects are still harvested in the wild and used for household consumption. So far, however, little attention has been paid to insects’ real contribution to food security in low-income countries. Entomophagy, the human consumption of insects, is widespread in many rural areas of Madagascar, a country, at the same time, severely affected by chronic malnutrition. This case study was carried out in a region where entomophagy based on wild harvesting is a common practice and malnutrition is pervasive. The data were obtained in 2020 from a survey among 216 households in the rural commune of Sandrandahy in the central highlands of Madagascar. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to show the relative importance of insects for the local diet and to test various hypotheses related to food security. Results show that insects contribute significantly to animal protein consumption, especially in the humid season, when other protein sources are scarce. They are a cheap protein source, as much esteemed as meat by the rural population. There are no significant differences in the quantities of insects consumed by poorer versus richer households, nor between rural and urban households. Insect consumption amounts are strongly related to the time spent on wild harvesting. The importance of edible insects for poor, food-insecure rural areas and how entomophagy can be promoted for better food and nutrition security are discussed.

Gregory John Tanner

Endopeptidases containing supplements may digest gluten and reduce the impact on celiac and gluten-sensitive subjects who inadvertently consume gluten. We investigated the relative rate of disappearance of coeliac relevant epitopes in extracts of nine commercial supplements, using two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)—Ridascreen (detects QQPFP, QQQFP, LQPFP, and QLPFP) and Gluten-Tec (detects Glia-α20 and PFRPQQPYPQ). All epitopes are destroyed by cleavage after P and Q amino acids. Rates at pH 3.5 and pH 7.0 were measured. These experiments were designed to measure relative rates of epitope digestion not to mimic in vivo digestion. The supplements were: 1 GluteGuard, 2 GlutenBlock, 3 GliadinX, 4 GlutnGo, 5 GlutenRescue, 6 Eat E-Z Gluten+, 7 Glutenease, 8 Glutezyme, and 9 Gluten Digest. The mean initial rate and half-lives of epitope digestion were deduced and extrapolated to rates at the recommended dose of one supplement in a fasting stomach volume. At pH 7, supplement 1 was the fastest acting of the supplements, with Ridascreen ELISA, more than twice as fast as the next fastest supplements, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Supplements 2, 3, and 4 showed little activity at pH 7.0. Supplement 1 was also the fastest acting at pH 7 with Gluten-Tec ELISA, more than three times the rate for supplements 2 and 3, with supplements 4–9 showing minimal activity. At pH 3.5, supplement 1 acted more than five times as fast as the next fastest supplements, 2 and 3, when measured by Ridascreen, but supplements 2 and 3 were over two times faster than supplement 1 when measured by Gluten-Tec. Supplements 4–9 demonstrated minimal activity at pH 3.5 with either ELISA. Supplement 1 most rapidly digested the key immuno-reactive gluten epitopes identified by the R5 antibody in the Codex-approved competitive Ridascreen ELISA method and associated with the pathology of celiac disease.

Andreas Schieber

Jussara de Castro Almeida, Vanessa Silvério de Siqueira, Juliano de Castro Almeida

Considerando a relação entre o conhecimento em nutrição e estado nutricional, propôs-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o conhecimento em nutrição de estudantes universitários ingressantes nos cursos da área de saúde, da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), unidade Passos, e sua associação com características sociodemográficas e estado nutricional. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, com delineamento amostral não probabilístico. Como instrumento de medida utilizou-se o Questionário de Conhecimentos em Nutrição (QCN). O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Percentual de Gordura Corporal (%G). A Circunferência Abdominal (CA) foi aferida para determinar o risco de complicações metabólicas. Para o estudo de associação entre conhecimento em nutrição e as variáveis de interesse realizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado (χ2), com nível de significância de 5%. Participaram do estudo 110 acadêmicos, com média de idade de 21±6 anos, sendo 77% (n=85) do sexo feminino. Quando do conhecimento em nutrição, a maioria apresentou conhecimentos moderados (57%; n=63). Com relação ao estado nutricional pelo IMC, 67% (n=74) dos estudantes apresentaram adequação. No entanto, quando da avaliação destes pelos %G, observou-se que 40% (n=30) apresentavam obesidade. Com relação a CA, 19% (n=21) apresentaram risco aumentado para morbidades crônicas e 14% (n=15) risco substancialmente aumentado. Houve associação significativa entre o conhecimento em nutrição e curso (χ2 =17,392; p=0,008), com melhor desempenho dos acadêmicos de nutrição, quando comparado aos cursos de biomedicina, medicina e enfermagem. Não foi verificada associação significativa entre conhecimento em nutrição e características sociodemográficas e estado nutricional.