Hasil untuk "Mechanical industries"

Shady Farah, Daniel G. Anderson, R. Langer

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), so far, is the most extensively researched and utilized biodegradable aliphatic polyester in human history. Due to its merits, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry replacing conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The main purpose of this review is to elaborate the mechanical and physical properties that affect its stability, processability, degradation, PLA-other polymers immiscibility, aging and recyclability, and therefore its potential suitability to fulfill specific application requirements. This review also summarizes variations in these properties during PLA processing (i.e. thermal degradation and recyclability), biodegradation, packaging and sterilization, and aging (i.e. weathering and hygrothermal). In addition, we discuss up-to-date strategies for PLA properties improvements including components and plasticizer blending, nucleation agent addition, and PLA modifications and nanoformulations. Incorporating better understanding of the role of these properties with available improvement strategies is the key for successful utilization of PLA and its copolymers/composites/blends to maximize their fit with worldwide application needs.

M. Benedetti, A. D. Plessis, R. Ritchie et al.

Abstract Additive manufacturing of industrially-relevant high-performance parts and products is today a reality, especially for metal additive manufacturing technologies. The design complexity that is now possible makes it particularly useful to improve product performance in a variety of applications. Metal additive manufacturing is especially well matured and is being used for production of end-use mission-critical parts. The next level of this development includes the use of intentionally designed porous metals - architected cellular or lattice structures. Cellular structures can be designed or tailored for specific mechanical or other performance characteristics and have numerous advantages due to their large surface area, low mass, regular repeated structure and open interconnected pore spaces. This is considered particularly useful for medical implants and for lightweight automotive and aerospace components, which are the main industry drivers at present. Architected cellular structures behave similar to open cell foams, which have found many other industrial applications to date, such as sandwich panels for impact absorption, radiators for thermal management, filters or catalyst materials, sound insulation, amongst others. The advantage of additively manufactured cellular structures is the precise control of the micro-architecture which becomes possible. The huge potential of these porous architected cellular materials manufactured by additive manufacturing is currently limited by concerns over their structural integrity. This is a valid concern, when considering the complexity of the manufacturing process, and the only recent maturation of metal additive manufacturing technologies. Many potential manufacturing errors can occur, which have so far resulted in a widely disparate set of results in the literature for these types of structures, with especially poor fatigue properties often found. These have improved over the years, matching the maturation and improvement of the metal additive manufacturing processes. As the causes of errors and effects of these on mechanical properties are now better understood, many of the underlying issues can be removed or mitigated. This makes additively manufactured cellular structures a highly valid option for disruptive new and improved industrial products. This review paper discusses the progress to date in the improvement of the fatigue performance of cellular structures manufactured by additive manufacturing, especially metal-based, providing insights and a glimpse to the future for fatigue-tolerant additively manufactured architected cellular materials.

Michael T. Brunner

Michael Brunner will discuss his current responsibilities at Boeing as well as review his previous professional accomplishments since graduating from UB in 1984. Biographical sketch: Michael Brunner is the Senior Manager Fleet Support Engineering Airframe at the Boeing Company where he is responsible for structures support for 747, 767 and 777. Michael's primary responsibilities include providing technical solutions to daily service requests from operators and maintenance depots, development of service bulletins and supporting AOG requests. Michael's team also provides technical leadership for key fleet issues including Aging Aircraft Safety Rule, Widespread Fatigue Damage, and Scribelines. Michael has technical expertise in advanced materials and structures for aerospace systems. He has extensive project management experience in new business and product development, supplier management, financial controls and government contracts. He has led inter disciplinary teams encompassing multiple Boeing sites as well as multiple aerospace companies. Michael has supported numerous major airplane programs over his 27 years in the aerospace industry including development of the B-2 bomber in the 1980s, sponsored research into a second generation supersonic transport to replace the Concorde in the 1990s, development of the longer range derivative of the 777 in the early 2000s, and most recently the development of the 787.

Harish Jeswani, C. Krüger, M. Russ et al.

A large portion of plastic produced each year is used to make single-use packaging and other short-lived consumer products that are discarded quickly, creating significant amounts of waste. It is important that such waste be managed appropriately in line with circular-economy principles. One option for managing plastic waste is chemical recycling via pyrolysis, which can convert it back into chemical feedstock that can then be used to manufacture virgin-quality polymers. However, given that this is an emerging technology not yet used widely in practice, it is not clear if pyrolysis of waste plastics is sustainable on a life cycle basis and how it compares to other plastics waste management options as well as to the production of virgin plastics. Therefore, this study uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental impacts of chemical recycling of mixed plastic waste (MPW) via pyrolysis with the established waste management alternatives: mechanical recycling and energy recovery. Three LCA studies have been carried out under three perspectives: waste, product and a combination of the two. To ensure robust comparisons, the impacts have been estimated using two impact assessment methods: Environmental footprint and ReCiPe. The results suggest that chemical recycling via pyrolysis has a 50% lower climate change impact and life cycle energy use than the energy recovery option. The climate change impact and energy use of pyrolysis and mechanical recycling of MPW are similar if the quality of the recyclate is taken into account. Furthermore, MPW recycled by pyrolysis has a significantly lower climate change impact (-0.45 vs 1.89 t CO2 eq./t plastic) than the equivalent made from virgin fossil resources. However, pyrolysis has significantly higher other impacts than mechanical recycling, energy recovery and production of virgin plastics. Sensitivity analyses show that some assumptions have notable effects on the results, including the assumed geographical region and its energy mix, carbon conversion efficiency of pyrolysis and recyclate quality. These results will be of interest to the chemical, plastics and waste industries, as well as to policy makers.

Abdullah Sayam, A. Rahman, Md. Sakibur Rahman et al.

The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features, they are often plagued with a weak interface and lack of toughness. However, the promising aspects of carbon fiber-based fiber hybrid composites and hierarchical composites can compensate for these setbacks. This review provides a meticulous landscape and recent progress of polymer matrix-based different carbonaceous (carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanodiamond) fillers reinforced composites’ mechanical properties. First, the mechanical performance of neat CFRP was exhaustively analyzed, attributing parameters were listed down, and CFRPs’ mechanical performance barriers were clearly outlined. Here, short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite was distinguished as a prospective material. Second, the strategic advantages of fiber hybrid composites over conventional CFRP were elucidated. Third, the mechanical performance of hierarchical composites based on carbon nanotube (1D), graphene (2D) and nanodiamond (0D) was expounded and evaluated against neat CFRP. Fourth, the review comprehensively discussed different fabrication methods, categorized them according to performance and suggested potential future directions. From here, the review sorted out three-dimensional printing (3DP) as the most futuristic fabrication method and thoroughly delivered its pros and cons in the context of the aforementioned carbonaceous materials. To conclude, the structural applications, current challenges and future prospects pertinent to these carbonaceous fillers reinforced composite materials were elaborated.

Mehmet Şükrü Adin

Abstract In the present day, the joining of dissimilar metals used in the same industry applications is of great interest. MIG and TIG welding processes are among the most common methods used to join dissimilar metals with high strength and reliability. Due to the different mechanical properties of dissimilar metals to be joined by these welding methods and welding parameters, they must be carefully selected. In this study, the effects of Total Accumulated Weld Volumes (TAWV) and different groove angles (45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) on the mechanical properties of AISI 1040 and AISI 8620 cylindrical steel joints were investigated experimentally. In addition, the fracture surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX). In the process with MIG and TIG welding, only current and voltage changes were made in order to measure the effects of parameters on the mechanical properties of the joints more clearly. As a result of the studies, the highest average Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) was 579.611 MPa and the lowest average UTS value was 424.611 MPa. Based on TAWVs, the highest average UTS value was obtained in TIG welded joints, and the lowest average UTS value was obtained in MIG welded joints. It was observed that the UTS values of the joints were positively affected by the increase in TAWV. The UTS value of the 90° groove angled joint was found to be 40.25% higher than the UTS value of the 45° groove angled joint.

Joseph Bak-Coleman, Jevin West, Cailin O'Connor et al.

To what extent is social media research independent from industry influence? Leveraging openly available data, we show that half of the research published in top journals has disclosable ties to industry in the form of prior funding, collaboration, or employment. However, the majority of these ties go undisclosed in the published research. These trends do not arise from broad scientific engagement with industry, but rather from a select group of scientists who maintain long-lasting relationships with industry. Undisclosed ties to industry are common not just among authors, but among reviewers and academic editors during manuscript evaluation. Further, industry-tied research garners more attention within the academy, among policymakers, on social media, and in the news. Finally, we find evidence that industry ties are associated with a topical focus away from impacts of platform-scale features. Together, these findings suggest industry influence in social media research is extensive, impactful, and often opaque. Going forward there is a need to strengthen disclosure norms and implement policies to ensure the visibility of independent research, and the integrity of industry supported research.

Bouazizi Maher, Soula Mohamed, Ben Rhouma Amir

Woven laminate composites are extensively used in various industries, especially in yacht manufacturing, where a comprehensive understanding of their elastic mechanical properties, failure mechanisms, and the effects of layer stacking in E-glass/polyester composites is essential. A combined experimental and numerical approach was employed to investigate these aspects. Tensile and three-point bending tests were performed to assess the elastic mechanical properties of woven specimens, and optical microscopy was used to analyze fracture surfaces and identify failure mechanisms. For numerical analysis, a two-step homogenization method was applied. The numerical model was validated by comparing its results with experimental data.

Irina N. Tkachenko, Marina А. Meteleva

One task to be accomplished while designing systems for managing innovation activities of industrial corporations is to ensure the integration of the principles of entrepreneurial development strategy with the corporate and existential goals of an organisation and the assessment of managerial decisions’ effectiveness. The article intents to develop an original method for assessing the performance of innovation management systems in corporations and test it on the data for large Russian industrial holdings. The methodological basis of the study consists of the corporate governance, management and entrepreneurship theories. The methods used include qualitative, regression and comparative analysis. The evidence is the 2010–2022 data on 160 corporations of the RAEX Top-600 Ranking (2023) representing 21 industries retrieved from the All-Russian data system on companies and businesses “For honest business”. The result of the research is the architecture of an innovation management system of an industrial holding, from which it was established that the strategic contour of corporate governance integrates the subsystems for managing innovationentrepreneurial and financial-economic activities, that is, they can be considered as a single element of the management system of internal entrepreneurship objects. Therefore, financial reporting indicators of industrial holdings can be taken to assess the performance of innovation management system. The assessment of the management systems’ performance allowed identifying industrial holdings with a high probability of the influence of management systems on the innovative result in the contour of internal processes. Such holdings, in particular, include PJSC United Aircraft Corporation in the mechanical engineering industry, AO Nizhpharm in the pharmaceutical industry, PJSC Uralkali in the chemical and petrochemical industry, etc. These findings allow assuming that the leading holdings have formed a structured system of corporate innovation management focused on the development of internal entrepreneurship. Industrial holdings for which the proposed method did not establish a significant relationship between management costs and innovative results need further investigation of their entrepreneurial behaviour.

Maxim Idriss Meli Tametang, Pavell Leandry Lekeufack Tameze, Guy Bertrand Tchaya et al.

This study investigates a novel hybrid electric vehicle architecture integrating a wind energy conversion system to transform part of kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy to ensure real-time recharging of battery. Application of Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle yields the optimal control law, revealing that this supplementary energy source extends engine operation in pure electric driving mode, thereby reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, this new architecture enables a substantial reduction in pollutant emissions, particularly CO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC), thereby enhancing its environmental benefits. More interestingly, a threshold turbine blade radius is derived above which the vehicle can operate in pure electric mode throughout the trip. Numerical simulations and experimental validation, using a small wind turbine mounted behind a Pick-up truck, confirm the analytical findings, demonstrating the potential for wind energy harvesting to generate approximately 1000W of power at speeds of up to 95km∕h, thus paving the way for a more sustainable transportation future.

Srilatha Nimmagadda, Somayajula Venkata Satya Prasad, Sahithi Vaka Venkata Durga et al.

This study based on Mg-based hybrid composites investigates the impact of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements on the mechanical and microstructural properties of magnesium (Mg) hybrid composites fabricated via the novel vacuum-assisted stir casting. Three hybrid Mg composites, MC1 (Mg-2 wt% SiC-3 wt% B4C), MC2 (Mg-3 wt% SiC-2 wt% B4C), and MC3 (Mg-2.5 wt% SiC-2.5 wt% B4C) were fabricated to evaluate the influence of variations in reinforcement ratios on mechanical, microstructural and hardness of the composites. Results showed that magnesium composite MC2 exhibited the highest compressive strength and microhardness, which is attributed to the optimal load transfer and refined grains by SiC, whereas MC3 achieved the best ultimate tensile strength. The microstructural analysis confirmed uniformly dispersed particles without agglomeration. These findings suggest that SiC- and B4C-reinforced Mg hybrid composites offer enhanced strength, hardness, and wear resistance, making them suitable for high-performance applications in aerospace and automotive industries.

Zihe Wang, Yueqiao Sun, Hui Kong et al.

Abstract With the intensification of global climate change, carbon neutrality has become a crucial objective for achieving sustainable development, which critically requires systematic technological innovation and collaborative cooperation between technologies and countries. Through categorization and comprehensive technological assessments, a thorough examination of relevant technologies can furnish a framework to guide emission reduction efforts across various sectors. This review seeks to explore the methods by which various countries achieve carbon neutrality technology systems and pathways, with an in-depth study of the differences between the technological approaches and systems in China, the United States, and European countries. The construction of technology systems in several countries is reviewed, from the composition of the systems to the assessment of technologies that include indicators such as carbon reduction potential. Building upon an analysis of key technological pathways in renewable energy, carbon capture, utilization and storage, energy efficiency improvement, and hydrogen energy across different countries, a systematic evaluation is conducted from three key dimensions—policy formulation, resource endowment, and industrial foundation—to identify the similarities, differences, and driving factors in the construction of carbon neutrality technology systems among nations. Based on the previous work, we conducted a comparative analysis and summary of carbon neutrality pathways across various countries worldwide, systematically reviewing and evaluating carbon neutrality technologies in power generation, industry, transportation, and building sectors. Building upon these findings, the study offers recommendations for coupling diverse technological approaches and for international cooperation. By comparing international experiences and practices, this study provides operational references for countries in formulating technology planning and emission reduction strategies, and also provides an important basis for deepening global carbon neutral cooperation in the future.

K. L. van der Enden, R. Kirschner, M. Krumtünger et al.

A future quantum internet brings promising applications related to security, privacy and enabling distributed quantum computing. Integration of these concepts into the future trends of the automotive sector is of considerable interest, as it enables both the development of practical quantum internet use cases and the adoption of innovative technologies in the automotive sector. In this work we analyze cross-platform megatrends in both the quantum internet and the automotive industry, identifying mutually beneficial regions of interest. In the short-term ($<10$ years) hardware miniaturization and automation of quantum internet technology provides a synergy interface between the two domains. For the long-term ($\geq10$ years) we develop a comprehensive list of use cases for the quantum internet within the automotive sector. We find considerable relevancy of augmenting autonomous driving, vehicle ad hoc networks and sensor fusion with blind quantum computing, anonymous transmission and quantum cryptographic tools. These results can be used to target future research, engineering and venture developments for both domains. Furthermore, our approach can be applied to other industries, enabling a structured methodology for identifying and developing feasible use cases for the quantum internet in diverse domains.

Mandar Golvaskar, Sammy A. Ojo, Manigandan Kannan

To improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of fundamental materials including aluminum, stainless steel, superalloys, and titanium alloys, traditional manufacturing techniques have for years been utilized in critical sectors including the aerospace and nuclear industries. However, additive manufacturing has become an efficient and effective means for fabricating these materials with superior mechanical attributes, making it easier to develop complex parts with relative ease compared to conventional processes. The waste generated in additive manufacturing processes are usually in the form of powders, while that of conventional processes come in the form of chips. The current study focuses on the features and uses of various typical recycling methods for traditional and additive manufacturing that are presently utilized to recycle material waste from both processes. Additionally, the main factors impacting the microstructural features and density of the chip-unified components are discussed. Moreover, it recommends a novel approach for recycling chips, while improving the process of development, bonding quality of the chips, microstructure, overall mechanical properties, and fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly engineering.

Shambhu Kumar Manjhi, Prithivirajan Sekar, Srikanth Bontha et al.

Magnesium and its alloys remain perilous in the framework of light weighting and advanced devices structure such as rockets and satellites. However, the utilization of Magnesium (Mg) is increasing every year, revealing growing demands in manufacturing industries. Manufacturing of Mg components is challenging because of their HCP crystal structure and limited ductility. In this context, additive manufacturing (AM) provides the flexibility to manufacture complex shape components with excellent dimensional stability. It also provides a new possibility for utilizing novel component structures that increase the applications for Mg alloy. This review herein pursues to holistically explore the additive manufacturing of Mg alloy with a synopsis of processes used and microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour and postprocessing of AMed Mg alloy. The challenges and future scope of AMed Mg alloys are critically explored.

Andrio Alinsug, Chenry Obiedo, Jahzeel Li Padogdog et al.

Immobilized yeast cells have advantages for use in industries due to their stability, viability, and productivity. As a support material, pectin is suitable because of its stability, strong mechanical attributes, and favorable absorption properties. In this study, the influence of mango pectin concentration on the CP bead characteristics and the leakage of immobilized yeast cells were determined. Results have indicated that yeast cells can be immobilized using low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) from mango peels via entrapment technique. Pectin concentration did not affect the size (3.0323 to 3.4315 mm) of the CP beads. Only 5% and 7% (w/v) pectin concentrations produced spherical beads (SF<0.05). Increasing the pectin concentration from 3% to 7% (w/v) resulted in a 36.21% decrease in swelling ratio for CP beads with yeast. The pectin concentration significantly affects the cell leakage (p-value<0.05). The results further indicate the feasibility of using locally available materials as a matrix for immobilization.

S. Silva Sajin Jose, Santosh Kr. Mishra, Ram Krishna Upadhyay

Additive manufacturing has witnessed significant growth in recent years, revolutionizing the automotive and aerospace industries amongst others. Despite the use of additive manufacturing for creating complex geometries and reducing material consumption, there is a critical need to enhance the mechanical properties of manufactured parts to broaden their industrial applications. In this work, AISI 316L stainless steel is used to fabricate parts using three different strategies of the additively manufactured Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technique, i.e., continuous, alternate, and island. This study aims to identify methods to optimize grain orientation and compaction support provided to the material under load, which influence the frictional and wear properties of the manufactured parts. The load-bearing capacity is evaluated by measuring the frictional and wear properties. The wear patch track is also examined to establish the physical mechanisms at the surface interface that lead to the smooth transition in response to the load. Grain orientation is compared across different strategies using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) maps, and the influence of surface roughness on sliding behavior is also evaluated. The results demonstrate that the island scanning strategy yields the best performance for load-bearing applications, exhibiting superior grain orientation and hardness in the additively manufactured parts.

Qaisar Khan, Muhammad Farooq, Shakeel Ahmad

The utility of squeezingly driven stretching movement of non-Newtonian liquid to enhance the mechanical efficiency of a industrial processes, such as, extraction crude oil, cooling process of nuclear reactors, food processes, electronic chips manufacturing, pollution of ground water, fabrication of plastic materials, etc., is diverse. This inspires us to describe the mathematical stimulation of squeezed fluid flow via stretchable inclined wall. The non-Newtonian Casson fluid model is utilized here. The investigation related to heat and mass transport is pursued under the Cattaneo-Christov theory. Additionally, viscous dissipation and double stratification phenomena are also incorporated in the analysis of heat and mass transport. The governing equations are transformed under the appropriate variables. The convergent analytical solutions are acquired through homotopic technique. To notice the remarkable impacts of notable parameters on flow fields and skin friction coefficient, graphs have been plotted in two-dimensional axes. The values used for involved parameters are λh=Pr=λc=Sq=1.2,δ=ε=ε1=0.1,Gh=Gc=0.3,α=π/4,Re=0.2,β=1.0. The results depict that the dissipative effect increments the temperature distribution. Casson fluid parameter has decrementing impact in velocity field near the plates while opposite trend is witnessed apart from the plates. The current analysis incorporates numerous industrial and technological processes including pharmaceutical, petroleum related industries, marine engineering, nuclear up and down processes, etc.

Peter A. V. Gade, Trygve Skjøtskift, Henrik W. Bindner et al.

Energy-intensive industries can adapt to help balance the power grid. By using a real-world case study of a zinc galvanizing process in Denmark, we show how a modest investment in power control of the furnace enables the provision of various ancillary services. We consider two types of services, namely frequency containment reserve (FCR) and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR), and numerically conclude that the monetary value of both services is significant, such that the pay-back time of investment is potentially within a year. The FCR service provision is more preferable as its impact on the temperature of the zinc is negligible.

Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés, Paula Fraga-Lamas

The Metaverse is a concept that proposes to immerse users into real-time rendered 3D content virtual worlds delivered through Extended Reality (XR) devices like Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) smart glasses and Virtual Reality (VR) headsets. When the Metaverse concept is applied to industrial environments, it is called Industrial Metaverse, a hybrid world where industrial operators work by using some of the latest technologies. Currently, such technologies are related to the ones fostered by Industry 4.0, which is evolving towards Industry 5.0, a paradigm that enhances Industry 4.0 by creating a sustainable and resilient world of industrial human-centric applications. The Industrial Metaverse can benefit from Industry 5.0, since it implies making use of dynamic and up-to-date content, as well as fast human-to-machine interactions. To enable such enhancements, this article proposes the concept of Meta-Operator: an Industry 5.0 worker that interacts with Industrial Metaverse applications and with his/her surroundings through advanced XR devices. This article provides a description of the technologies that support Meta-Operators: the main components of the Industrial Metaverse, the latest XR technologies and the use of Opportunistic Edge Computing communications (to interact with surrounding IoT/IioT devices). Moreover, this paper analyzes how to create the next generation of Industrial Metaverse applications based on Industry 5.0, including the integration of AR/MR devices with IoT/IIoT solutions, the development of advanced communications or the creation of shared experiences. Finally, this article provides a list of potential Industry 5.0 applications for the Industrial Metaverse and analyzes the main challenges and research lines. Thus, this article provides useful guidelines for the researchers that will create the next generation of applications for the Industrial Metaverse.