Hasil untuk "Mathematical geography. Cartography"

Redazione MediaGEO

P. Kiefer, I. Giannopoulos, M. Raubal et al.

V. Rajput, Abhishek Singh, T. Minkina et al.

Yurii Karpinskyi, N. Lazorenko, Danylo Kin et al.

Abstract Initial cartographic materials were determined to create the topographic database of the “Main State Topographic Map”. They require preparation for creating (updating) digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50,000. One of the stages of preparation of input cartographic materials is their transformation to the coordinate reference system UCS-2000. The goal of the article is to research the problem of transformation of points coordinates by the rigorous mathematical method for referencing cartographic materials from the coordinate systems CS-42/CS-63 to the State Geodetic Coordinate Reference System UCS-2000 (after this – UCS-2000) by geographic information systems (GIS) for creation (updating) digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50,000 to create the seamless topographic database of the “Main State Topographic Map” on the territory of Ukraine. Authors propose a method of transformation orthophoto at the scale of 1:10,000 to UCS-2000 in Cartesian coordinates of Gauss-Krüger projection in the corresponding 6-degree zone in the adopted state interchart of topographic maps at the scale of 1:50,000. This method consists of cartographic materials transformation using a transformation field in the form of a GRID model based on the triangulation TIN model using the finite element method. The choice of the finite element method and the peculiarities of affine transformation are mathematically substantiated. Also, the authors determined the requirements for the method of coordinates transformation.

V. B. Borodaev, A. V. Kontev

Based on the analysis of published documents and materials, the article examines the history of the creation of three versions of maps of the Siberia, made in 1713–1718 in Tobolsk by а captive captain of the Swedish army Philip Johann Tabbert (von Strahlenberg). He is known primarily as the author of the map of Great Tataria, published in 1730. His cartographic works from the period of Siberian captivity have not previously been the subject of a specialized study. The purpose of the article is to systematize and summarize the published materials on the fate of manuscript maps of Siberia, created by Tabbert in Tobolsk, as well as clarify the chronology of the creation of these drawings. The Swedish officer became the first Western European explorer who worked on a geographical map of Siberia while living in this region. Tabbert created geographic maps on a mathematical basis. He was the first to apply a new method of map-making — the conversion of Russian versts into miles and degrees. New maps of Siberia created in Europe are based on previous publications. Tabbert broke with this tradition and created his maps based solely from local material, which he collected with amazing persistence. None of three Tobolsk maps survive. However, the evidence presented in our article allows us to characterize these works. The original data collected in Siberia allowed Tabbert von Strahlenberg, after his return to Sweden, to prepare the fourth version of his map, which immortalized his name in the history of Russian cartography.

Aylaana Choksum

This article aims to identify the main regional distribution trends and changes in the global TNCs 'activity structures. A systematic approach and comparative analysis are used to conduct the research. The addition of additional tools are mathematical statistical, graphical, and cartographic methods. Based on the Fortune Global 500 list for the years 2019 to 2023, this study is based. In the course of writing the article, it was discovered that the main factors that TNCs have today are related to, among others, their turnover and popularity as well as their geographic location, particularly in the "second" and "third" world countries. It is worth noting that Chinese corporations also showed active activity and took leading positions in the TNC ratings. This fact confirms that the total number of Chinese TNCs is larger than US TNCs. It is worth taking into account that TNCs in China and the USA make up more than half of all TNCs according to this list. Digital technologies are the main stimulus for the development of the sectoral economy. The impact of the coronavirus on the activities of TNCs was examined. It has been established that there has been a significant redistribution of positions in the ranking of the world's largest TNCs. A reduction in sales volumes of TNCs has been recorded throughout the world, this was especially reflected in the heavy industry.

Pengbo Li, Haowen Yan, Xiaomin Lu

ABSTRACT Pattern recognition of linear feature sets, such as river networks, road networks, and contour clusters, is essential in cartography and geographic information science. Previous studies have investigated many methods to identify the patterns of linear feature sets; the key to each of these studies is to generate a reasonable and computable representation for each set. However, most existing methods are only designed for a specific task or data type and cannot provide a general solution for formalizing linear feature sets owing to their complex geometric characteristics, spatial relations and distributions. In addition, some methods require human involvement to specify characteristics, choose parameters, and determine the weights of different measures. To reduce human intervention and improve adaptability to various feature types, this paper proposes a novel deep learning architecture for learning the representations of linear feature sets. The presented model accepts vector data directly without extra data conversion and feature extraction. After generating local, neighborhood, and global representations of inputs, the representations are aggregated accordingly to perform pattern recognition tasks, including classification and segmentation. In the experiments, building groups classification and road interchanges segmentation achieved accuracies of 98% and 89%, respectively, indicating the model’s effectiveness and adaptability.

Yue Xu, Jianya Gong, Xin Huang et al.

ABSTRACTHigh Spatial and Spectral Resolution (HSSR) remote-sensing images can provide rich spectral bands and detailed ground information, but there is a relative lack of research on this new type of remote-sensing data. Although there are already some HSSR datasets for deep learning model training and testing, the data volume of these datasets is small, resulting in low classification accuracy and weak generalization ability of the trained models. In this paper, an HSSR dataset Luojia-HSSR is constructed based on aerial hyperspectral imagery of southern Shenyang City of Liaoning Province in China. To our knowledge, it is the largest HSSR dataset to date, with 6438 pairs of 256 × 256 sized samples (including 3480 pairs in the training set, 2209 pairs in the test set, and 749 pairs in the validation set), covering area of 161 km2 with spatial resolution 0.75 m, 249 Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) spectral bands, and corresponding to 23 classes of field-validated ground coverage. It is an ideal experimental data for spatial-spectral feature extraction. Furthermore, a new deep learning model 3D-HRNet for interpreting HSSR images is proposed. The conv-neck in HRNet is modified to better mine the spatial information of the images. Then, a 3D convolution module with attention mechanism is designed to capture the global-local fine spectral information simultaneously. Subsequently, the 3D convolution is inserted into the HRNet to optimize the performance. The experiments show that the 3D-HRNet model has good interpreting ability for the Luojia-HSSR dataset with the Frequency Weighted Intersection over Union（FWIoU） reaching 80.54%, indicating that the Luojia-HSSR dataset constructed in this paper and the proposed 3D-HRnet model have good applicable prospects for processing HSSR remote sensing images.

D. Bartoněk, Pavla Andělová

The article addresses the issue of the unification of cartographic symbols in terms of graphics (visual) and interpretation in an international context. The motivation is the ongoing digitization of processes in the conditions of Industry 4.0, especially Construction 4.0, where geodesy and cartography have their irreplaceable share. The aim was both to design uniform cartographic symbols for the description of geographical objects on the map and to design a general method for the description of unified cartographic symbols so that it is independent of specific applications. The authors compared the symbols used in the map works of the Czech Republic and neighboring countries that are members of the EU and proposed a formal description of the graphics properties of the symbols, which is based on a general mathematical model. The description takes the form of a text string, and a Python algorithm was built to render the symbol and implemented in the QGIS environment. The article also presents a comparison of some cartographic symbols used in the Czech Republic and in selected EU countries and a proposal for their unification. The motivation is the effort to unify the cartographic language within the EU. The problem is in accordance with the INSPIRE directive (seamless map of Europe) at the international level and with the Digital Czechia 2018+ strategy at the national level.

Santiago Mora Van Cauwelaert

Durante el siglo XIX, la morfología territorial de México —así como la de muchos países latinoamericanos— se vio modelada y transformada profundamente por fenómenos bélicos y políticos cuya trascendencia define hasta el día de hoy la geografía nacional. En este periodo, el papel de los geógrafos, cartógrafos e historiadores fue crucial para definir y proyectar una imagen del país en ciernes. Antonio García Cubas fue uno de los personajes más importantes en la conformación de la idea de una geografía de México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

M. Dodge, R. Kitchin

From the Publisher: "Space is central to our lives. Because of this, much attention is directed at understanding and explaining the geographic world. Mapping Cyberspace is a book, which extends this analysis to provide a geographic exploration and critical reading of cyberspace and information and communication technologies. Mapping Cyberspace: provides an understanding of what cyberspace looks like and the social interactions that take place there; explores the impacts of cyberspace, and information and communication technologies, on cultural, political and economic relations; charts the spatialities, spatial forms and space-time relations of virtual spaces; and details empirical research and examines a wide variety of maps and spatialisations of cyberspace and the information society." "Mapping Cyberspace draws together the findings and theories of researchers from geography, cartography, sociology, cultural studies, computer-mediated communications, information visualisation, literary theory and cognitive psychology. It is illustrated with over fifty black and white illustrations and a colour plate section. This book will be a valuable addition to the growing body of literature on cyberspace and what it means for the future."--BOOK JACKET.

Mingyuan Lyu, Yinghai Ke, Lin Guo et al.

Over-exploitation of groundwater has caused severe land subsidence in Beijing during the past two decades. Since the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP), the biggest water diversion project in China, started to deliver water to Beijing in December 2014, the groundwater shortage has been greatly alleviated. This study aims to analyze the impact of SNWDP on the spatiotemporal evolution of land subsidence in Beijing. Change in surface displacement in Beijing after SNWDP was retrieved and the spatiotemporal patterns of the change were analyzed based on long time-series Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) (2004–2010), Radarsat-2 (2011–2014), and Sentinel-1 (2015–2017) satellite datasets using Permanent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) techniques. Land subsidence unevenness index (LSUI) was proposed to represent the spatial unevenness of surface displacement. PS-Time approach was then adapted to examine the time series evolution of LSUI. The results showed that the InSAR measurements agree well with leveling measurements with R2 over 0.96. Although the maximum annual displacement rate reached −159.7 mm/year by 2017, over 57% of the area within 25 mm/year contour line showed decreasing or unchanged displacement rate after the south-north water delivered to Beijing. The settlement rate in Chaoyang-Dongbalizhuang (CD) subsidence center has decreased for 26 mm/year from 2011–2014 to 2015–2017. Only around 15% of the area experienced continued accelerating settlement rate through the three time periods, which was mainly located in the area with the compressible layer thickness over 190 m, while the magnitude of velocity increment considerably decreased after SNWDP. Land subsidence unevenness, represented by LSUI, developed more slowly after SNWDP than that during 2011–2014. However, LSUI at the edge of settlement funnel has kept developing and reached 1.7‰ in 2017. Decreasing groundwater level decline after SNWDP and the positive relationship (R2 > 0.74) between land subsidence and groundwater level clearly showed impacts of SNWDP on the alleviating land subsidence. Other reasons include geological background, increasing precipitation, and strict water management policies implemented during these years.

I. Savin, A. Zhogolev, E. Prudnikova

Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Nguyen Xuan Hoan

Rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution is a key input to hydrological models. However, networks of rain gauges are often sparsely and unevenly distributed in large catchments, especially in developing countries. High-resolution rainfall datasets, such as the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Climatic Research Unit Time Series (CRU-TS), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), have become available to overcome such limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of four land-based rainfall products (APHRODITE, CFSR, CRU-TS, and GPCC) and a satellite-based rainfall product (TRMM) on streamflow of the upper catchment of Tri An reservoir in Vietnam using the Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS). In addition, the available rain gauges data were used for comparison purpose. Result indicates that the TRMM and GPCC data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the streamflow in the period 1999–2007. Generally, the results indicate that the TRMM and GPCC data could be alternative solutions.

M. Friendly

Słomska Katarzyna

The author presents criteria of evaluation and assumption for early school education maps. Attention was payed to needs and perceptual possibilities of map users and cartographic correctness of maps. Main criteria of map evaluation – content and form of a map – have their unique attributes. In case of the first criterion they are accuracy and currency, classification of content and usability. Second criterion consist of: composition, colours, labels on the map and readability. Materials commissioned by Ministry of National Education were evaluated on the said criteria basis. Evaluation of maps for early school education revealed their flaws, among which absence of a scale can be named. Afterwards assumptions were developed and used to prepare own proposal of a map. Achieving maximum readability was a priority. Other assumptions concerned graphic balance, classification and hierarchy of content, simplicity of elaboration, usage of readable typefaces and adjustment of transmission to the age of users.

Redazione Redazione

Intervista al Presidente SIFET

A. Borghi, M.A. Brovelli, F. Sansò

Le tecnologie 3S (GIS, GPS, Remote Sensing) per il rilievo e la gestione del territorio nell'era della geomatica

Nedjeljko Frančula

Thomson Reuters uz već poznate citatne indekse Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) i Arts &Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) izrađuje od 2015. i novi indeks Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) – sve uključene u Web of Science. U ESCI su uvršteni časopisi od regionalne važnosti i časopisi iz znanstvenih područja u nastajanju. Časopisi uvršteni u ESCI bit će nakon određenog vremena, ako zadovolje kriterije Thomson Reutersa, uvršten u SCIE, SSCI ili A&HCI. Za časopise uvrštene u ESCI, trenutno ih je 2589, ne izračunava se faktor odjeka.

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Industria Geomatica oltre il 2000°