Hasil untuk "Management information systems"

H. Kerzner

J. Peppard, J. Ward

M. Reichert, B. Weber

Simon Wallraf, Sara Köthemann, Claudia Wiesemann et al.

BackgroundPatient organizations (POs) are an integral part of the health care landscape, serving as advocates and support systems for patients and their families. As the digitalization of health care accelerates, POs are challenged to adapt their diverse roles to digital formats. However, the extent and form of POs’ digital adaptation and the challenges POs encounter in their digital transformation remain unexplored. ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the digital transformation processes within POs. We examined the types of digital activities and processes implemented, people involved in respective tasks, challenges encountered, and attitudes toward the digitalization of POs. MethodsThe study was carried out by the multicenter interdisciplinary research network Pandora. We adopted a qualitative exploratory approach by conducting 37 semistructured interviews and 2 focus groups with representatives and members of POs in Germany. Results were obtained using a deductive-inductive approach based on a qualitative content analysis. Methods and results were reported in accordance with the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist. ResultsPOs primarily apply basic digital tools to engage in communication, health education, and information dissemination. Some also develop specific mobile apps and collect health data through patient registries. Volunteers cover a considerable part of the workload. Sometimes, POs collaborate with external partners, such as health professionals or other nonprofit organizations. Furthermore, many (13/46, 28%) interviewees referred to the importance of involving members in digitalization efforts to better meet their needs. However, they described the actual practices used to involve members in, for example, developing digital services as limited, passive, or implicit. When evaluating digital transformation processes, representatives and members of POs expressed generally positive attitudes and acknowledged their potential to improve the accessibility of support services, management efficiency, and outreach. Still, resource constraints; the complexity of digital initiatives; and accessibility issues for certain demographic groups, especially older persons, were frequently mentioned as challenges. Several (15/46, 33%) interviewees highlighted POs’ increasing responsibility to support their members’ digital competencies and digital health literacy. ConclusionsPOs are actively involved in the digital transformation of health services. To navigate challenges and further shape and sustain digital activities and processes, POs may benefit from governance frameworks, that is, a clear plan outlining with whom, how, and with what objectives digital projects are being realized. Support from public, scientific, and policy institutions to enhance the process through training, mentorship, and fostering collaborative networks seems warranted.

Xu Luo, Shuming Xiong, Xiangchen Jia et al.

The deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has promoted the application of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in smart agriculture, driving substantial transformations in agricultural data management systems and facilitating sustainable agricultural development. This paper reviews the key AIoT data management technologies employed in smart agriculture, systematically exploring the technical applications and practical implementations across four architectural layers. These layers (i.e., perception layer, transport layer, data platform layer, and application layer) correspond to agricultural information sensing, data transmission, storage processing, and intelligent decision-making, respectively. Research indicates that, through the deployment of diverse sensing devices, low-latency short-range communications, wide-area wireless networks, cloud-edge collaborative computing, blockchain-based data storage, and AI-driven agricultural decision support systems, the data management framework of smart agriculture is undergoing continuous and intelligent enhancement. AIoT exhibits significant potential in enhancing agricultural productivity, optimizing resource allocation, and improving environmental adaptability. However, significant challenges remain, particularly in protecting agricultural data privacy and achieving real-time interoperability across heterogeneous platforms. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions, offering valuable insights for researchers in the field of smart agriculture.

LIU Xiangyu, LI Dongbo, LIU Jie

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can provide all-day positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services in our daily life. However, the requirement of location is not limited to daily life. In high latitude areas, sparsely populated remote areas, and complex environmental areas, the ground infrastructure of GNSS is incomplete, which greatly affects the positioning accuracy and speed of GNSS. Once an emergency occurs, it is difficult to quickly narrow down the search range of the target, resulting in great losses and dangers. Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites can compensate for the shortcomings of GNSS positioning in the above-mentioned areas in terms of satellite quantity, satellite signal frequency, and satellite positioning principle. Firstly, the principle of LEO satellite positioning was introduced. Then, the research status of LEO satellite positioning technology was summarized and analyzed. Finally, the challenges of LEO satellite positioning technology and future research directions were explored.

A. Shuparskyy, Yuriy Furgala

From the viewpoint of the evolution of computing devices and corresponding use cases, the article structures an information systems timeline progressing through early electromechanical devices, electronic vacuum tubes, solid-state and integrated circuit electronics, the advent of microprocessors, personal and remote computing, and distributed systems of numerous autonomous devices, while exploring different approaches to a digital representation of computational entities. By establishing the research scope and organizing scholarly sources chronologically, the article reveals and selects connections between individual events, provides an overview and critical analysis, and highlights expected future expansions and shifts in approaches to digital representation. Thus, the article examines a shift from operations and operands, their further complication into code and data structures, and the transition from procedural to structured and object-oriented programming (OOP). Client-server applications implemented with static OOP and relational data management are examined as the pinnacle of monolithic architecture. The subsequent domain-driven design (DDD) and microservices architecture are examined as contemporary methods for remote cloud computing environments. The article then discusses the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), the emergence of smart things and digital twins, describes advanced and novel use cases of global digitalization, such as Industry 5.0 ideas, and reveals the limitations of extant methods for corresponding digital representation. Ultimately, the article introduces a novel method for digital representation employing the post-non-classical paradigm in computer science, which eschews predefined structures in favor of dynamic, interaction-based representations, enabling flexible and adaptive design of distributed systems. Future research directions include the formal specification of this approach and the development of tools for its implementation in complex distributed systems.

Roberto Davila-Campos, Manuel Mora, Paola Yuritzy Reyes-Delgado et al.

Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) are specialized Information Systems for the definition, execution, and management of business organizational processes including the participation of users, software, and data. To develop BMPS, several rigorous software development life cycles (SDLCs) have been reported in the literature in the last two decades. However, given the current organizational interest in agile SDLCs, we identified a knowledge gap on conceptual comparison between rigorous and agile SDLCs for BPMS. Consequently, this research aims to provide this missed conceptual review between both types of SDLCs. A systematic selective literature review (SSLR) research method upon 25 high-quality sources for the period 2000–2023 was conducted, and the conceptual review of eight SDLCs (four rigorous and four agile SDLCs) are reported using a rigorous and an agile SDLC pro form from core BPMS and agile paradigm literature. An empirical pilot evaluation on the usefulness, ease of use, and value of these conceptual reviews is also reported, and in overall the scores from BPMS practitioners and academics are satisfactory. On conceptual reviews, we found that three of the four rigorous SDLCs cover at most moderately the expected theoretical roles, phases-activities and work products, and none can be considered a de-facto standard to be used. Regarding the four agile SDLCs, we found that only two cover satisfactory the expected roles and phases-activities but partially work products. Nevertheless, the eight SDLCs are minimally documented, and consequently academics and practitioners lack full descriptions of them for their correct learning and practical utilization. Hence, our review provides theoretical and practical insights for discriminating both rigorous and agile SDLCs for BPMS and calls for further conceptual and empirical research to reach mature, standardized and systematic applied SDLCs for BPMS.

Maria Ruiz, Idoia Mujika, Arantza Arregi et al.

Nowadays, Virtual and Augmented Reality have begun to be integrated in the educational field for the creation of immersive learning environments. This research presents the results of a project called “EDUKA: Intelligent tutor and author tool for the personalised generation of itineraries and training activities in immersive 3D and 360º educational environments”, funded by the Basque Government (BG) (Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Department). The project started in April 2018 and was completed in December 2020. Nowadays, an improved version is being developed in a project called IKASNEED, also supported by the BG.  The aim of the study was to develop research around a set of latest generation technologies that offer interdependence to educational centres for the adoption, development and integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and immersive content technologies in their study plans.

Yoppy Mirza Maulana

Information Technology (IT) services are services developed by service provider organizations for customers. Service provider organizations in implementing IT services have a goal to ensure IT systems remain in good condition to avoid incidents. Incidents are unexpected interruptions and reductions in the quality of IT services. Therefore, when an incident occurs in IT services, it is necessary to recover as quickly as possible or it is called incident management. Incident management is very important for service provider organizations, because if incidents are not managed and analyzed carefully then these incidents will recur. On this basis, a study was conducted to develop an IT service incident management analysis model based on the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) V3 which aims to serve as a guide in analyzing and making recommendations for incident management. This model uses case studies in the PPTI section at Dinamika University. This model produces three stages including the incident data collection stage which produces IT service incident data. The incident management analysis stage produces a gap analysis, while the recommendation stage produces recommendations for improvement.

Artur I. Petrov

The aim of this research is to study the specifics of the road accident rate formation processes in regions of the Russian Federation (2021) using information-entropic analysis. The typical research approaches (correlation-regression, factorial analyses, simulation modelling, etc.) do not always allow us to identify its specificity. It is impossible to evaluate the quality of the researched process’s structure using these methods. However, this knowledge is required to understand the distinctions between high-quality road safety management and its opposite. In order to achieve the goal of the research methodology based on the use of the classical approaches of C. Shannon, the quantitative value of information entropy <i>H</i> was elaborated. The key components of this method are the modelling of the cause-and-effect chain of road accident rate formation and the consideration of the relative significances of individual blocks of the process in achieving the final result. During the research the required statistical data were collected and the structure of the road accident rate formation process in 82 regions of the Russian Federation in the format “Population <i>P</i>—Fleet of vehicles <i>N_Vh</i>—Road Traffic Accidents <i>N_RA</i>—RTA Victims <i>N_V</i>—Fatality Cases <i>N_D</i>” was analyzed. The fact that the structure of the road accident rate formation process is extremely specific in different Russian regions was shown. Exactly this specificity forms the degree of ambiguity in the state of Russian regional road safety provision systems in terms of the probability of death in road accidents. The main conclusion of this research is that information-entropic analysis can be successfully used to assess the structural quality of road safety systems.

Zea Tomlinson, Esti Veske, Pavla Mokoena

An online response management (ORM) system is a customer service system that is supported by information technology. A significant  gap exists regarding literature on the management of online reviews at accommodation establishments in Cape Town. The aim of the study was to understand how hotels manage their online reputation when responding to online platforms visitor reviews, focusing on guests’ online reviews (OLR) and how hotels respond and use ORM systems to manage these reviews. This exploratory research employed a qualitative methodology, whereby seven 4-star rated accommodation establishments, within the Cape Metropole were sampled. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, and online interviews and electronic mail were also accepted due to Covid-19 restrictions. The study presents the following assumptions drawn from existing research: (1) hotels are equipped to respond to online reviews during a pandemic, and (2) hotel management perceives negative and positive reviews to be impactful. The results reveal that hotels are aware of how negative and positive ORLs impact the brand of the establishment, and how ORM systems are used to monitor and maintain their reputation online. A contribution of the study was the adoption of positive response actions to an existing review response framework.

C Kelly, M Wynants, A Patrick et al.

Pastoralist communities worldwide face complex challenges regarding food and feed productivity. Primary production systems are under stress, nutritional choices are changing and the relationship between development and agriculture is undergoing profound transformation. Under increasing pressure from climate and land use change, East African agro-pastoral systems are approaching a tipping point in terms of land degradation. There is an urgent need for evidence-led sustainable land management interventions to reverse degradation of natural resources that support food and water security. A key barrier, however, is a lack of high spatial resolution soil health data wherein collecting such information for each individual community is beyond their means. In this context, we tested whether bridging such data gaps could be achieved through a coordinated programme at the boundary between participation and citizen science. Key outputs included a community-led trial of a hand-held soil scanner, which highlighted a range of positive benefits and practical challenges in using this technology in this context, with identification of some potential solutions; and a targeted soil organic matter and nutrient status dataset in a small catchment-based community setting. The results show that if the practical challenges can be resolved, use of portable soil scanner technology has the potential to fill key knowledge gaps and thereby improve resilience to the threat of land degradation through locally responsive farmer and community decision-making.

Volodymyr KHOROSHKO, Vadym KUDINOV, Mariia KAPUSTIAN

Evidence of the complexity of the cybersecurity problem is the rapid increase in the number of information security breaches and losses on cybersecurity threats combined with an increase in the average loss from each of the breaches. Therefore, it is necessary to create requirements for a cybersecurity system that could provide more opportunities in the choice of methods in the management of the protection of automated information systems. The task of determining the optimal quality indicators of information resource management systems of automated systems is one of the most important problems in designing integrated information security systems. This is due to the complexity of such systems, the presence of many variable parameters, and the complexity of calculating quality indicators. In addition, the determined quality indicators should not only ensure the optimality of the target function, but also the stability of the protection system in a wide range of external adverse effects. The problem is that the existing methods of calculating integrated quadratic estimates (IQE) do not take into account errors in determining quality indicators, as well as the vector nature of these indicators. The aim of this work is to solve problems (development of algorithms), which are a problem of optimization of stable protection management systems using vector objective functions. Based on the model of information management system protection of information resources in the form of an automatic control system, the method of forming integrated quadratic estimates (IQE) of control error is proposed. This method takes into account the weights of the estimates at the desired installation time and standard transfer functions. Algorithms for calculating IQE according to the modified Katz formula and Ostrom's method for arbitrary order control systems are developed, including vector representation of the objective function of the protection system. The vector penalty function is proposed and the algorithm of its calculation is developed to display the degree of infringement of conditions of stability of parameters of the system of protection by the Rauss-Hurwitz criterion.

Zhe Yang, Kun Jiang, Miaomiao Lou et al.

Abstract Background Health data from different specialties or domains generallly have diverse formats and meanings, which can cause semantic communication barriers when these data are exchanged among heterogeneous systems. As such, this study is intended to develop a national health concept data model (HCDM) and develop a corresponding system to facilitate healthcare data standardization and centralized metadata management. Methods Based on 55 data sets (4640 data items) from 7 health business domains in China, a bottom-up approach was employed to build the structure and metadata for HCDM by referencing HL7 RIM. According to ISO/IEC 11179, a top-down approach was used to develop and standardize the data elements. Results HCDM adopted three-level architecture of class, attribute and data type, and consisted of 6 classes and 15 sub-classes. Each class had a set of descriptive attributes and every attribute was assigned a data type. 100 initial data elements (DEs) were extracted from HCDM and 144 general DEs were derived from corresponding initial DEs. Domain DEs were transformed by specializing general DEs using 12 controlled vocabularies which developed from HL7 vocabularies and actual health demands. A model-based system was successfully established to evaluate and manage the NHDD. Conclusions HCDM provided a unified metadata reference for multi-source data standardization and management. This approach of defining health data elements was a feasible solution in healthcare information standardization to enable healthcare interoperability in China.

Larysa Globa, Nataliia Gvozdetska, Rina Novogrudska

The functioning of modern information and communication networks is impossible without data processing. With the emergence of new network services, the amount of information that needs to be processed increases, while the requirements to the data processing quality become more and more stringent. Therefore, the problem of designing and maintaining a scalable data processing system with a flexible quality of service management is becoming more and more important for a network operator. Such data processing systems have a complex internal structure with many interrelated parameters, which makes them difficult to analyze, manage, and expand. This study proposes to use an ontological model to store, represent, and manipulate the information in the operator’s data processing system. The ontological model allows to structure and systematize the data of an information processing system, and transparently reflects the relationships between the parameters of the system to simplify its analysis and scaling. The proposed ontology of a data processing system consists of three related subsystems. The paper describes the proposed ontological model and additionally analyzes the sources of information that needs to be processed in the information and communication network.

Leila Bazrafkan, Leila Mohammadinia, Mohammad Nikrou et al.

Background: Cost assessment with modern costing systems can be conducive to the efficiency of education. In this study, activitybased costing was applied to calculate the cost of in-person training for undergraduate nursing students, and to evaluate the adjustable cost in virtual education. Methods: It was a descriptive-applied research using cross-sectional economic analysis based on activity-based costing system. The statistical population included undergraduate nursing students in Lamerd, Iran. Data analysis was performed using the data obtained from a 4-year undergraduate program (2012 to 2016). The data were compiled in three categories, namely educational costs, support costs and cultural-welfare expenditure. The acquired data in face-to-face education were considered as the reference for comparison. Furthermore, the adjustable costs for the alternative e-learning approach were measured. Results: The total training cost at Lamerd Nursing School during the four-year study program stood at US$382,761. The per capita cost in this period was equal to US$13,693. It was measured at US$8,659 for educational activities, US$3,933 for support, and US$1,077 for welfare. Therefore, the highest per capita cost was in the area of education and the lowest cost was attributed to welfare. Furthermore, the curriculum cost in face-to-face training was calculated to be US$664. Finally, it was found that virtual education would reduce the total cost by US$156,199. Conclusion: Activity-based costing system is a new model that helps restructure the financial systems of universities. It enables the senior management in these institutions to make informed decisions on adjusting educational activities based on the information acquired. One of these decisions involves comparing the cost-effectiveness of in-person paramedical training with that of virtual training. This is especially important in adopting modern educational models.

OZCANHAN, M. H., TURKSONMEZ, H.

Study shows that counterfeit semiconductors or Integrated Circuits (ICs) are increasingly penetrating into advanced electronic defense systems. Traditional supply chain management policies have been found unsuccessful in protecting the IC supply chain. Our study demonstrates that the newly started threat mitigation initiative of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Supply Chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) scheme has not matured yet, and the proposed authentication protocol improvements are still vulnerable to known non-invasive, side-channel attacks. In present work, a novel authentication protocol based on strong mutual authentication is proposed, which resists the demonstrated attacks on previous schemes. The security and performance comparison with the previous work is provided, to inform the IC community about the seriousness of the weaknesses, in previous works. The comparison results show that our proposed protocol exchanges more information, uses more memory and makes more encryption computations. Thus, although our proposed scheme consumes more energy, it has the security required by SHIELD. The outcome forces IC producers to provide enough memory and processing power in a small die area, if the electronic defense IC supply chain is to have the expected security.

H. Lucas

Dieter Seefeldt

The Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) was about 42 month, between May 2006 and October 2009, the work package leader for the Port ECDIS work package within the integrated European research project named EFFORTS (Effective Operation in Ports). The Port ECDIS team was completed by the company's SevenCs (Germany), CARIS BV (The Netherlands) and the ISSUS Martime Logistics / TUHH (Germany). The HPA was responsible for the development of a proposal for a new Port ENC standard which can be used for navigation in ports on board of vessels, in PPU's (Portable Pilot Units), in VTMI-Systems, in a state of the art marine simulator, for port maintenance and other harbor related tasks. Masters and pilots approaching a seaport usually use an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) to obtain the required navigational information they need. Also the Harbor Master needs the same up-to-date information for the admission process and to organize a safe and ease navigation in the port area. The common ECDIS standard supports navigation in the open sea and coastal areas; the Inland ECDIS standard was developed for navigation on inland waterways. The chart requirements for maneuvering big ships in confined waters like narrow fairways (harbor access channels), turning and harbor basins, for port maintenance (dredging), fairway and channel design and construction work, for TUG operation and for traffic management (VTMIS) are not sufficiently covered by the current ECDIS and Inland ECDIS standard with respect to chart scale, accuracy, chart objects, attributes (?object catalogue?, in future "feature catalogue") and topicality and call for a special Port ENC. Managing bigger vessels, increasing traffic, less harbor space, berth organization, dredging purposes etc. requires accurate and up-to-date high-resolution geographic and bathymetric data to provide all necessary information. The Port ENC it is not just about producing better electronic charts (the Port ENC or PENC) to be shown in the navigation displays of various applications. Port-ECDIS addresses user groups of other domains as well (maintenance, dredging, planning, simulation, engineering, TUG assistance, VTMIS, voyage or route planning). Often they have the need to look at the data not only as a chart but also in 3D. That means additional data representations are required. The Port ENC must be able to interact with other port related data sources for a more beneficial use and to improve the interoperability of harbor related tasks. The Port ENC could also play a fundamental role in the e-Navigation concept!