Hasil untuk "Literature (General)"

W. Frontera, Julien Ochala

L. Kilian, Helmut Lütkepohl

P. Curran, Daniel J. Bauer

U. Brandes, Daniel Delling, M. Gaertler et al.

Modularity is a recently introduced quality measure for graph clusterings. It has immediately received considerable attention in several disciplines, particularly in the complex systems literature, although its properties are not well understood. We study the problem of finding clusterings with maximum modularity, thus providing theoretical foundations for past and present work based on this measure. More precisely, we prove the conjectured hardness of maximizing modularity both in the general case and with the restriction to cuts and give an Integer Linear Programming formulation. This is complemented by first insights into the behavior and performance of the commonly applied greedy agglomerative approach.

H. Ahn, YangQuan Chen, K. Moore

A. Robins, J. Rountree, Nathan Rountree

B. Ang

Rick L. Williams

W. Bond, J. Keeley

I. Vurgaftman, J. Meyer

T. DiPrete, Gregory M. Eirich

A. Azzalini, A. Capitanio

Summary. A fairly general procedure is studied to perturb a multivariate density satisfying a weak form of multivariate symmetry, and to generate a whole set of non‐symmetric densities. The approach is sufficiently general to encompass some recent proposals in the literature, variously related to the skew normal distribution. The special case of skew elliptical densities is examined in detail, establishing connections with existing similar work. The final part of the paper specializes further to a form of multivariate skew t‐density. Likelihood inference for this distribution is examined, and it is illustrated with numerical examples.

R. Myerson, M. Satterthwaite

C. Oliver

C. Geyer

D. D. Klerk, D. Rixen, S. Voormeeren

Nada F. Khan, S. Harrison, P. Rose

Ha Hoang, F. Rothaermel

Zahra Gorji, MohammadReza Hadian Rasanani, Michael Nitsche et al.

Abstract Background Overactive bladder syndrome is common, with a prevalence of 12–17% among adults. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation is the primary nonpharmacological and conservative treatment for overactive bladder syndrome. While several human brain imaging studies have shown the involvement of supraspinal centers in bladder control, a literature review has found that no research has specifically investigated cortical stimulation through transcranial direct current stimulation as a treatment for overactive bladder syndrome in women. Therefore, this study aims to assess the potential benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and compare them with the effects of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on overactive bladder syndrome. Methods/design The random allocation method will be used to divide the participants into two groups. Group 1 (n = 19) will undergo pelvic floor muscle training and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. Group 2 (n = 19) will undergo pelvic floor muscle training and transcranial direct current stimulation. The transcranial direct current stimulation for group 2 will consist of 12 sessions occurring thrice a week, each lasting for 20 min. Anodal tDCS will be administered to FPz targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for 12 sessions, with the cathode electrode positioned between Oz and inion at an intensity of 2 mA for 20 min. Discussion It is believed that utilizing an approach involving non-invasive electrical stimulation of the cortex could lead to a more efficient treatment for individuals with overactive bladder. Additionally, it is theorized that combining the effects of tDCS and pelvic floor muscle training could present an innovative technique for alleviating the negative impacts of overactive bladder syndrome. Ultimately, this new method could provide help for patients who have not responded to conventional therapy. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) ID: IRCT20090301001722N26, registration date: May 17, 2023. https://en.irct.ir/ .