Abstract Background Wildland fires in the United States have increased in frequency and scale over the past 30 years exposing millions of people to hazardous air pollutants. Among others, aging individuals are particularly vulnerable to the effects of wildfire smoke. In this study, we assessed the neurobiological impacts of wood smoke (WS) on aged mice and the potential of anti-aging therapeutics to mitigate these impacts. Methods Female C57BL/6 J mice, aged 18 months, were divided into 10 groups and exposed to either filtered air (FA; 5 groups) or biomass derived WS (5 groups) for 4 h/day, every other day, for 14 days (7 exposures total) with an average particulate matter (PM) concentration of 448 µg/m3 per exposure. One FA control group and one WS exposed group were euthanized 24 h after the last exposure. The remaining 8 groups (4 FA and 4 WS exposed) were treated with either vehicle control, resveratrol and nicotinamide mononucleotide (RNMN), dasatinib and quercetin (DQ), or both RNMN and DQ (RNDQ) for 10 weeks. Results A significant reduction in NAD + within the prefrontal cortex was observed following the 14-day exposure to WS along with a reduction in serotonin. Serotonin reductions were observed up to 10 weeks post-exposure and co-occurred with neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations, including increased immobility in a forced swim test. RNMN conferred the greatest mitigating effect after WS exposure, while RNDQ treatment resulted in an upregulation of markers associated with aging in the brain. While the metabolic shift in the PFC following WS exposure was relatively modest, mice exposed to FA and vehicle control (10 weeks of natural aging) exhibited the greatest metabolic shift, including perturbed nicotinamide metabolism. Conclusion Taken together, these findings highlight that subacute (14-day) exposure to WS results in persistent neurometabolomic and behavioral alterations in an aged mouse model and that intervention with RNMN may be a useful strategy to mitigate the adverse neurological outcomes observed. Further studies are needed to assess the specific impact of either resveratrol or NMN in isolation and to fully elucidate age-specific, as well as sex- and species-determinant, WS exposure response pathways.
The first 2025 issue of Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies includes four original research articles written by researchers from Norway, Finland, and Sweden.
Building on Janssens' work, which highlights the distinct epidemiological profiles of port cities, this study explores cause-specific mortality in early 20th-century Antwerp, Belgium's largest city and a major international port. Using Arriaga's decomposition method, we compare life expectancy and mortality by cause of death in Antwerp with those in Brussels, Ghent, and Liège, the country's next three largest cities. Despite its status as a bustling port city, Antwerp showed a relative health advantage. However, this advantage masked gender- and age-specific risks. Young adult men experienced elevated mortality from accidents, largely due to hazardous port labor, while women faced excess mortality from childbirth, likely linked to socioeconomic vulnerabilities among working-class and immigrant women. Notably, child mortality from infectious diseases was higher in Antwerp than in the other three cities, reflecting particular public health challenges. These findings highlight the importance of individual-level data to better understand localized mortality and cause-of-death patterns. They also underscore the need for further comparative research within the frameworks of the SHiP and Great Leap networks.
Alireza Nafissi, Seyed Hossein Akhavan Alavi, Ali Maleki
Purpose: Authors intended to identify the main bases of local development and present a framework for better understanding of its theoretical process from the perspective of the activists in the community-based development process in Iran.
Methodology: This qualitative research used the Grounded Theory method. Data were collected from deep interviews with community-based development activists in five successful case studies in Iran and then were analyzed.
Findings: The results, validated by respondent validation and triangulation methods, demonstrate that local development with a community-based approach is appreciated by Iranian activists more of a human and social phenomenon than an economic, political, and environmental issue. Results also show that human capital is identified by concepts like accountability, proactiveness, and psychological empowerment rather than the common indicators emphasized by international organizations. Moreover, social capital and participation are evaluated by such concepts as positive relations, collective actions, positive norms, bridging social capital, and by institutionalization and mobilization of national resources. The final theoretical framework of the article shows that both human capital and social capital not only enhance local participation which can improve economic, political, and environmental indicators, but also are themselves promoted through the reinforcing loops and consequently can enable the ongoing running of the development engine.
Originality: Despite the considerable literature existing on community-based development, the authors could not reach any published article involving relations among fundamental concepts of community-based development in Iran, nor did they come across a general understanding of its process by the relevant activists. The suggested framework in this paper well supports the understanding of the process.
Economic growth, development, planning, Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Background & Purpose: Organizational ambidexterity refers to the ability of organizations to perform conflicting and contradictory activities. This concept is important in innovative technology-based organizations, because these organizations need to combine creativity and innovation with efficiency and productivity. As a technology-based organization, ACECR needs a duality to commercialize its innovative products and services. The aim of the current research is to design an ambidexterity development model of technology-oriented organizations to commercialize innovative products.
Methodology: The research strategy is based on foundational data theorizing, and the data analysis method of the current research is the Strauss and Corbin’s systematic method (systematic model), and the data collection was done with the interview tool. In the qualitative phase, 16 interviews were conducted with the experts of technological organizations of ACECR and four additional interviews were also conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. In the quantitative phase, the descriptive-survey research method was used, and in this phase, the data collection tool was a questionnaire.
Findings: Organizational ambidexterity management has been identified as a central category in this research, and its subcategory concepts include ambidexterity structure management, innovative culture management, and ambidexterity process management, which constitute the central category. The causal conditions in this research include ambidexterity management and leadership, ambidextrous human resources are multifaceted structures. On the other hand, the bases include organizational ambidextrous culture, upstream documents, and Jihadi culture. Also, the strategies resulting from the foundation's data theorizing model include designing two-way human resources processes, designing a technology commercialization model, designing an organizational two-way evaluation system, and designing a resource allocation system. On the other hand, institutional communication in the field of science and technology and the environment of organizational ambivalence as intervening and ultimately value-creating factors, completing the technology chain, organizational development, and management of organizational contradictions, the consequences of identifying and explaining the factors affecting organizational ambidexterity in the direction of commercialization which have been in technology-based organizations.
Conclusion: The management of organizational ambidexterity plays a significant role in the success of commercialization of technology-based organizations. Management of structure, culture, and dual processes are key factors affecting organizational duality. Also, conditions such as ambidextrous management and leadership, ambidextrous human resources and multifaceted structures affect this process. Consequently, it is suggested that organizations focus on strategies such as the design of dual commercialization processes and models to provide the necessary ground to achieve duality and successful commercialization. It is necessary to conduct more studies in this area.
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Background & Purpose: While there are currently many discussions about the impact of Covid-19 and its consequences on work practices and human resource management (HRM), no research has been conducted to explore the effective and efficient management of human resources and big theoretical gaps exist. By knowing the main categories of effective and efficient management of human resources in responsible and decision-making organizations, strategies can be adopted while avoiding its disadvantages. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors influencing the effective and efficient management of human resources in the Corona Pandemic.Methodology: This research in the point of the purpose is applied, and has used mixed method. In this research, thematic analysis and survey methods were used respectively. In the qualitative part, the participants includes the influential actors of Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization in the field of human resources. 13 experts were selected and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method, which is one of the qualitative sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the probability sampling method was used in a systematic way. Finally, 31 people answered the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS4 software were used for data analysis.Findings: After examining the interviews, 80 codes were identified, from which 80 primary codes, 15 basic themes, 7 organizing themes, and 3 global themes were extracted. In the quantitative part, all the themes have obtained values higher than the acceptable limit, and the appropriateness of the themes (indices) of the model indicates the appropriateness of the measurement model.Conclusion: In uncertain conditions caused by Covid-19, for the effective and efficient management of human resources in the organization, it is necessary to focus on the three principles: “intelligence and flexibility of organizational processes”, environmental and psychological empowerment of the organization and preparation of the necessary infrastructure”, and “management, improvement, promotion, ability and capabilities of human resources.”
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
Workers are increasingly being managed by technologies. Before spreading to larger segments of the labour market, algorithmic management systems were a signature feature of platform work. The exercise of power through digital labour platforms is one cause of the precarious working conditions in this area, an issue that could soon concern a wider group of workers in traditional economic sectors.
This article elucidates the provisions regulating algorithmic management in the proposed EU Directive on improving working conditions in platform work, which tackles automated surveillance and automated decision-making practices. The proposed Directive mandates the disclosure of their adoption and sets out information and explanation rights regarding the categories of actions monitored and the parameters considered. Unlike rules concerning the presumption of employment status, the provisions on algorithmic management apply to all platform workers, including genuinely self-employed persons.
Before offering a reasoned overview of the legal measures envisaged in the proposed text, this article grapples with the process leading to the proposed Directive in order to reveal the background and alternatives to the current formulation. It addresses the interplay between the text and other instruments regulating the deployment of technologies for managing workers. The steps intended to hold platforms to account are remarkable, but the regulatory technique could result in partially overlapping models, thereby increasing legal uncertainty and arbitrage.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Labor. Work. Working class
The growing body of research suggests that leadership is not among the most attractive career goals, especially for the younger work force. However, the need for leadership has not diminished. To shed light on the “problem of supply”, this study addresses the question of why high-potential individuals (i.e., non-leaders) do not pursue leadership positions by focusing on worries about leadership (WAL) and error-related strain. We had two aims: (1) to identify different profiles of WAL among highly educated professionals, and (2) to explore whether their error strain and leadership career intentions differ among the identified WAL profiles. Data were gathered from 955 highly educated Finnish employees representing different sectors. WAL was measured by a three-dimensional scale consisting of worries about failure, work-life imbalance, and harming others. Based on the Latent Profile Analysis, six WAL profiles emerged: (1) Average-WAL (37% of respondents), (2) Low-WAL (34%), (3) High-WAL (6%), (4) Failure-sensitive (9%), (5) Imbalance-sensitive (4%) and (6) Harm-sensitive (11%). Professionals in the Low-WAL profile reported the lowest error strain, whereas employees in the profiles of High-WAL and Failure-sensitive reported the highest error strain. Employees in the Low-WAL profile were more willing to pursue a leadership career in an unfamiliar organization compared to employees in other profiles. In addition, employees within the Low-WAL profile were more willing to pursue a leadership career in an unfamiliar organization compared to their home organization. Implications of our findings and future directions are discussed.
A extensão universitária é um dos pilares da universidade pública e possibilita o desenvolvimento de ações junto à comunidade, estabelecendo o compartilhamento de saberes e práticas do meio acadêmico com o conhecimento popular, visando atender às demandas da população e contribuindo para a transformação da realidade social. No campo da saúde, a extensão deve promover ações que contribuam com o processo crítico e reflexivo sobre os processos de adoecimento e vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar experiências em ações extensionistas realizadas, contando com o protagonismo de bolsista do projeto “Imagens da Vida: arte, saúde, história”, entre março de 2019 a outubro de 2021, evidenciando os desafios enfrentados durante a pandemia. Foram estruturadas duas mostras culturais temáticas em unidade básica de saúde da família em 2019 e, durante a pandemia, houve necessidade de direcionar as ações do projeto para o ambiente virtual, com realização de oficinas, cursos, apresentação de trabalhos em eventos, produção de artigos. Conclui-se que a participação em ações extensionistas constitui um espaço rico de aprendizado para o estudante e possibilita desenvolver o pensamento crítico e reflexivo de problemas observados no território, além de viabilizar a troca de saberes com a comunidade.
Social Sciences, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
The European Commission approved Slovenia’s recovery and resilience plan (RRP) on 1 July 2021. Although the RRP and the partnership agreement and programmes under cohesion policy funds for 2021–2027 took into consideration Country Specific Recommendations and investment guidance sound strategic priorities set at the national level are lacking. Moreover, proposed projects do not take uneven regional distribution sufficiently into account. While the main focus of the RRP lies on the implementation of the so-called green and digital transitions, it also envisages a number of reforms and investments that directly impact the labour market (training, education and pension reform, for example). The goal of this article is to present the reforms in the context of the European Pillar of Social Rights and the Country Specific Recommendations issued within the European Semester.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Labor. Work. Working class
Prima Ardiansah Surya, Marsheila Harvy Mustikaningtyas, Sacharissa Zerlina Tsarwah Thirafi
et al.
Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has major effects, particularly on hospitals and health workers. At the beginning of March, more than 3,300 health workers have beencontracted with COVID-19 as reported by China's National Health Commission. Twenty percent of healthcare workers in Italy have also also infected and some died. To minimize the risk of transmission to health workers, knowledge of the risk factors that influence the transmission is needed. Thus, this study aims to determine risk factors related to occupational safety and health for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The literature was searched on Pubmed, Google Scholar, WHO, and the Ministry of Health instruments were implemented. 8 relevant studies were reviewed. Results: According to the analysis results of several studies, the use of PPE that is less consistent and not suitable with the risk of exposure will increase the risk of infection. The risk of infection is also increased by poor hand hygiene. According to the Kaplan-Meier curve, the working duration of ≥ 15 hours will increase the risk of infection. The risk of infection also exists for health workers who carry out risky procedures that generate airborne particles such as resuscitation, as well as environmental factors such as negative pressure rooms and traffic control bundling. Conclusion: Risk factors related to occupational health and safety during this COVID-19 pandemic for healthcare staff are: compliance with the use of PPE, hand hygiene, working hours duration, risky procedures, and environmental factors.
Keywords: healthcare workers, occupational safety, COVID-19, personal protective equipment
Breno Nunes Costa, Bruno Nunes Costa, Jucleide Castro Silva Gomes
et al.
A promoção das ciências biológicas, por meio de mostras científicas, tem se apresentado como uma das principais estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas por escolas brasileiras e estrangeiras. O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar a metodologia, resultados, discussão e considerações finais sobre a realização do projeto de extensão “Ciências para Todos”, desenvolvido a partir da realização da “I Mostra Científica da Unidade Integrada Francisco Pedro Monroe Conceição”. Optou-se por desenvolver um projeto de extensão no município de Barreirinhas (MA), tendo por público-alvo alunos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental (matutino) da referida escola da rede municipal de ensino. Os resultados se apresentaram de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo provenientes das notas atribuídas para cada turma, grupo e aluno com suas apresentações, bem como participação, desenvolvimento, articulação e desempenho dos discentes durante a preparação e apresentação do evento. A ação de extensão realizada se mostrou pertinente e favorável para a comunidade educacional comtemplada, vez que houve, de forma muito clara, o despertamento do interesse e protagonismo do alunado alvo, haja vista o estabelecimento de vínculos autênticos entre aprendiz e aprendizado durante o procedimento de extensão.
Social Sciences, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
The economic crisis and the deregulation of the labour market have radically transfor-med the model of labour relations, weakened his actors and institutions and genera-ted a dramatic increase in social inequality. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of this process of change on trade unionism, using as benchmarks derivatives of its main associative resources (affiliative presence and electoral audience). To this end, we conducted a thorough review of the literature specialized on the determinants of union membership, as well as empirical evidence from surveys and comparative studies at European level to focus finally on the presentation of the most relevant re-sults our own research on the structure, evolution and trajectories of unionization.
A vigência do processo de reestruturação produtiva do capital impõe as mudanças nefastas que estão ocorrendo, no âmbito do trabalho, afinadas aos reordenamentos daí decorrentes, os quais, desde o final dos anos 1980, orientam novas linhas de expressão do conflito social, isto é, não se restringindo apenas ao formato clássico capital x trabalho, mas envolvendo outras formas de configuração da dominação de classe, de sorte a implicar novos olhares sobre as delimitações clássicas – profundamente revisadas, para pior, com a reforma trabalhista, já em vigor, após dezembro de 2017, no Brasil - do que é trabalhar no campo (assalariado, camponês) e do que é trabalhar na cidade (assalariados, por conta própria, intermitentes, informais), sob distintas relações sociais de produção e de trabalho. Nestes primeiros anos da segunda década do século XXI, nossas pesquisas retomam estudos anteriores, no âmbito da RCP, amparados no fato de que a barbárie que selou o processo interminável de reconciliação com a irreformabilidade do capital, com fins de eliminar a miséria e a pobreza que recai sobre a maioria da humanidade, no século XX e XXI, só fez retroalimentar os diferentes estágios de dominação de classe. Em Geografia do trabalho por inteiro, nossas atenções estão prioritariamente voltadas para abordar criticamente a continuidade da extração de trabalho excedente e os procedimentos que vinculam esse elemento estrutural a tantas outras formas de dominação, subordinação e controle do trabalho, para além dos preceitos salariais.
Laura Rodríguez Mendoza, Nathalia Camargo Carrero, Xiomara Escobar Jiménez
Este trabajo constituye uno de los primeros aportes al macroproyecto historias de las Terapias Ocupacionales en Colombia. La investigación escribe los hitos y sucesos que antecedieron, dieron origen y evolución al primer programa de formación en Terapia Ocupacional en el país, ofrecido por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se empleó la metodología de investigación histórica a partir del reconocimiento de tres categorías: sujetos, discursos e instituciones; las cuales convergen en los contextos sociales, políticos, económicos y culturales de las décadas de los sesenta, setenta y ochenta, y en los escenarios internacional, nacional, local (Bogotá), la Universidad Nacional y la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional.
Las fuentes consultadas incluyen documentos y relatos de protagonistas del programa en el periodo estudiado. Con la información obtenida se consolidan tres líneas de tiempo, una por cada década, en las que se recuperan los planes y reformas curriculares de la formación técnica, transformada en licenciatura a partir de 1976 y configurada como profesional a partir del Decreto Ley 80 de 1980. Se invita a la realización de investigaciones en clave histórica como una posibilidad de empoderamiento profesional que aporta a la comprensión del devenir de la Terapia Ocupacional.
Public aspects of medicine, Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare
O objetivo deste texto é apresentar e discutir relações fundamentais existentes entre atividade, instrumento(s) e desenvolvimento humano no contexto da educação profissional. Considerações teóricas básicas a respeito desses conceitos são inicialmente apresentadas predominantemente a partir de uma perspectiva vigotskiana e bakhtiniana. Esses conceitos são em seguida empregados na análise de uma situação de interação entre professor, aluno e trabalhador em um contexto específico de educação profissional: trata-se do ensino-aprendizagem do uso de um martelo em uma oficina ferroviária. Acredita-se que essa situação de interação, tal como revelada pelo estudo, pode servir como exemplo típico ou protótipo de análise de diversas situações nas quais o pesquisador da área de educação, psicologia ou linguística aplicada pretenda apreender e esclarecer a interação existente entre atividade, instrumento(s) e desenvolvimento humano.
Special aspects of education, Labor. Work. Working class
A obra intitulada: “Dicionário da Educação do Campo” se trata de um esforço coletivo, cuja elaboração contou com a Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz do Rio de Janeiro e com o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Ao todo são 107 pesquisadores ligados à luta pela terra que contribuem em formar os 113 conceitos/verbetes relacionados à Educação do Campo. Os organizadores afirmam que o objetivo deste livro é esclarecer algumas categorias e conceitos que permitem entender a Educação do Campo como um esforço dos movimentos sociais de luta pela terra como uma educação condizente com o território camponês que habitam e labutam.