Hasil untuk "Judaism"

Yixiao Sun

Millenarianism originated from apocalyptic literature in Judaism, emphasizing that the “Messiah” would establish a “millennial kingdom” on earth ruled by the Jews. This ideology became a theoretical weapon for Jews to resist imperial tyranny during classical antiquity and was later embraced by early Christian theology. By the early modern period, with the intense unfolding of the Reformation and social upheavals, the theory of the “millennial kingdom” re-emerged as a mainstream topic in Christian theology. Regarding the nature of the “millennial kingdom” and how it would be realized, early modern Christian factions split into two interpretive camps. One emphasized the spiritual attributes of the “millennial kingdom”, while the other stressed its material aspects, advocating the violent establishment of a political entity on earth ruled by Christians. These two distinct interpretive models ultimately converged on the issue of colonial expansion, transforming millenarianism into a theoretical tool to justify overseas expansion.

Paul Robert Mendes-Flohr

The article develops a concept of “secular religiosity” to characterize “post-traditional” Jewish affiliation as an individual and private matter, which the sociologist Peter Berger casts as a “heretical imperative” to make autonomous, individual choices. The waning of the heteronomous authority of rabbinic Judaism, yielded theological and hermeneutic strategies to address the “secular religiosity” of individuals who sought to affirm distinctive Jewish spiritual and devotional practices. The article concludes by adumbrating two contrasting paradigmatic strategies exemplified by Franz Rosenzweig and Martin Buber respectively.

Catherine Khordoc

Cet article entreprend une analyse des essais de Monique Bosco, publiés pendant les huit dernières années de sa vie, entre 1998 et 2006, à la lumière de la tradition des lamentations. En examinant le recours à l’intertextualité dans ces essais, notre étude privilégie la dimension de la lamentation qui vise l’interrogation plutôt que la complainte. Dans le contexte de la Shoah, Bosco cherche, à l’instar du Livre des Lamentations, à comprendre comment ce qui est arrivé a pu avoir lieu, une quête qui passe nécessairement par la lecture de textes historiques, philosophiques et autobiographiques. This article undertakes an analysis of Monique Bosco’s essays, published during the last eight years of her life, between 1998 and 2006, in light of the lament tradition. Focusing on the use of intertextuality in these essays, the article emphasizes lamentation as an interrogation rather than a lament, a notion that perhaps comes more immediately to mind. In the context of the Shoah, Bosco seeks to understand in the manner of the Book of Lamentations how what happened could have happened, a quest that necessarily involves the reading of historical, philosophical and autobiographical texts.

Caputo Nina

Scholars of Jewish history have paid consistent and devoted attention to the Barcelona Disputation of 1263. Records of this event preserve contemporary Jewish and Christian responses to the proceedings, which pitted Nahmanides, the most important exegete and teacher of the region, against a convert from Judaism to Christianity, took place in the royal court before an illustrious audience. This essay traces trends in scholarly treatments of the Barcelona Disputation from the early days of the Wissenschaft des Judentums to the present. By examining challenges of veracity posed by the documentary sources as well as foundational assumptions about what the medieval authors intended to achieve with their accounts, this article provides broad overview of the historiography that has developed around the Barcelona Disputation.

Eben Scheffler

The contemporary debate regarding the neo-allegorical Song of Songs interpretation focuses more on its legitimacy than how it is done. If allegorical interpretation promotes uncontrollable subjective interpretation, this would especially surface when different religious traditions are involved. Moreover, if allegorical interpretation is done to avoid dealing with explicit sexuality in the Song, comparing texts from three diverse religious traditions on the more erotic parts of the Song has the potential to provide insight not only in the method of allegory but also in the contextuality and subjectivity of interpretation as such. The paper discusses examples from the Targum, the Calvinistic Dutch Statenbijbel and Luther’s lectures on Canticles. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2018/v31n3a19

Shenefelt PD, Shenefelt DA

Philip D Shenefelt,1 Debrah A Shenefelt2 1Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, 2Congregation Or Ahavah, Lutz, FL, USA Abstract: Skin and skin disorders have had spiritual aspects since ancient times. Skin, hair, and nails are visible to self and others, and touchable by self and others. The skin is a major sensory organ. Skin also expresses emotions detectable by others through pallor, coldness, "goose bumps", redness, warmth, or sweating. Spiritual and religious significances of skin are revealed through how much of the skin has been and continues to be covered with what types of coverings, scalp and beard hair cutting, shaving and styling, skin, nail, and hair coloring and decorating, tattooing, and intentional scarring of skin. Persons with visible skin disorders have often been stigmatized or even treated as outcasts. Shamans and other spiritual and religious healers have brought about healing of skin disorders through spiritual means. Spiritual and religious interactions with various skin disorders such as psoriasis, leprosy, and vitiligo are discussed. Religious aspects of skin and skin diseases are evaluated for several major religions, with a special focus on Judaism, both conventional and kabbalistic. Keywords: skin, skin disorders, spiritual, religious

Morteza Shajari , Yousef Nozohur, Abbas Fanni Asl

Desire for immortality can be seen as the essential natural impulse. Therefore, different religions and thinkers have attempted to see the issue from different viewpoints. The great Jewish philosopher. Maimonides, due to deep fixation to Judaism, has tried to express their issues to be consistent with the Bible and his own community believes. He, in his discussion of resurrection, believed to three basic steps: The Messiah, the resurrection, and the world hereafter. His standpoint of eternity is dedicated to the hereafter. And we can be immortalized only by acting and teachings in accordance with the Bible and righteousness. Like Maimonides, Spinoza – the other Jewish philosopher - considered the immortality as Ultimate bliss through which the “immutable and eternal love of God" can be achieved. In his opinion, a person reaches this stage, when the lusts and emotions can reasonably be overcome, and also, when the power and anger and contempt and disregard others will respond with love and dignity. Thus, a man can be reached its proper perfection and immortality is reached. The difference between these two philosophers is that Maimonides believes through "actual intellect" -that is Emanation of the active intellect- can be immortalized but, for Spinoza, eternity can be reached through the adequate Ideas.

Meir Kucinski

A mãe

Göran Larsson

Khaled Mohammed Al-shunyber

This detailed research is concerned with understanding the Jewish position on war with non-Jews in the light of the Old Testament. It also aims to explain certain Jewish stances towards war, with particular clarification of Jewish commands. The research follows inductive and deductive approaches. Among the most important findings is that there is a distinction between the Qur’anic statements on the jihad done by the prophets of the Children of Israel for the sake of Allah on the one hand and the Old Testament statements on the other. The Qur’anic statements are faithfully accepted by Muslims, while those of the Old Testament are regarded along the same lines applicable to the jurisdiction of the “people of the book”. Evidently, there are no religious instructions for the Israeli armed forces at war to invite whom they are fighting to embrace Judaism. However, that does not mean the Jews do not accept others to embrace their religion. There is also the option of peace; it applies only to nations that are far from the land of Israel, but not to countries nearby. Related written commands give no choice but armed conflict; it is either war or death. One of the main recommendations of this research is that comparative studies of religions discuss aspects of contemporary life, such as peace and war as well as other issues that concern ordinary people, who are not necessarily religious. The research recommends that contemporary Jewish religious views on the status of non-Jews be gathered and compared with written teachings in the Old Testament. This will help identify the compliance of Jews to their religious teachings.

Krzysztof Pilarczyk

This paper presents concisely Christian reprisals throughout history directed against Talmud, the central opus of the rabbinic Judaism. Those persecutions are hardly attested in the historical sources until the second half of the Middle Ages. They started in the 13th century and had lasted till the 18th century, while the arguments formulated during that period, allegedly based upon the Talmud itself, have been still present until now in various currents of anti-Semitism. The paper also deals with the historical context of Christian anti-Talmud ideology and the scope of its impact – especially in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17thcentury. In comparison to the rest of Europe the Polish-Lithuanian Jews had enjoyed the great-er range of freedom while the Talmud persecutions had been incidental.

Isabela Andrade de Lima Morais

Este trabalho estuda a imigração judaica para Pernambuco no início do século XX, com objetivo de identificar a natureza dos fatores que influenciaram o re-dimensionamento da identidade dos judeus, um processo que envolveu a interação social dos imigrantes e a manutenção de sua identidade étnica. As narrativas sobre as memórias desses imigrantes permitiram saber que ao chegarem à sociedade receptora internalizaram novos hábitos e costumes através da comemoração de datas tipicamente brasileiras. Por outro lado, também procuraram garantir a continuidade da identidade através da criação de alguns símbolos de pertença ou comemorando rituais e festas tipicamente judaicas. O uso das narrativas e das memórias permitiu entender que ao entrar em contato com a sociedade receptora, o judaísmo sofreu rupturas conhecidas como "secularização do judaísmo religião" e "sacralização do judaísmo cultura", fazendo com que a identidade judaica pernambucana sobreviva na própria mudança e continue através da renovação. Palavras Chave: identidade judaica; antropologia histórica; imigração. This work at the beginning studies Jewish immigration for Pernambuco of century XX, with objective to identify the nature of the factors that had influenced the re-sizing of the Identity of the Jews, a process that involved the social interaction of the immigrants and the maintenance of its ethnic identity. The narratives on the memories of these immigrants had allowed to know that when arriving at the receiving society new habits and customs through the commemoration of typically Brazilian dates. On the other hand, they had also looked for to guarantee the continuity of the Identity through the creation of some symbols of belongs or commemorating ritual and typically Jewish parties. The use of the narratives and the memories allowed to understand that when entering in contact with the receiving society, the Judaism suffered known ruptures as "secularização from the judaism religion" and "sacralização of the judaism culture", making with that the pernambucana Jewish Identity survives in the proper change and continues through the renewal. Key words: jewish identity; anthropological history; immigration.

Fábio Weintraub

Por crueldade ou capricho.

Marcy Brink-Danan

P. Golden

Michael D. Swartz

J. Webber

M. Boer

H. A. Mckay

M. Brettler