Hasil untuk "History of scholarship and learning. The humanities"

Xiuliang Dai, Dan Chen, Yixin Zhu

In the context of an aging population, mutual-aid care services for the older adults represent a significant systemic initiative aimed at addressing the care needs of older adults. The active participation of the older adults is fundamental to the advancement of mutual-aid care services, and organizational mobilization is a key strategy to encourage their participation. Drawing on survey data from 796 older adults across Jiangsu, Hebei, and Shaanxi provinces in China from 2020, this study examined the current state of rural older adults participation in mutual-aid care services and investigated the impact of organizational mobilization on it. The findings indicate that the older adults’ overall willingness to participate in mutual-aid care services is relatively weak, and that the development of organizational mobilization is still in its infancy. Policy advocacy and material incentives play a significant role in motivating the older adults to provide mutual-aid services. In light of these conclusions, the study proposes policy recommendations to enhance publicity for mutual-aid services among the older adults, refine the organizational framework, and implement government policy support.

Wang Danhe, Yuhanis bt Ab Aziz, Lee Shin Yiing

The increasing popularity of Internet Celebrity Check-in Places has stimulated research interest in these emerging tourist destinations. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on psychological satisfaction, neglecting the significance of embodied factors, such as physical conditions. To bridge this research gap, the present study adopts an embodied framework to comprehensively evaluate the quality of tourism experiences at these destinations. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of embodiment, an original evaluation index system is developed, encompassing dimensions of physicality, perception, and situational factors. Objective online reviews and subjective interviews are collected from the Yundong Library case study in Haikou City and transformed into numerical scores. The findings reveal that tourists’ physical experiences are hindered by constraints, such as restrictive age policies. Additionally, sensory engagement and active participation receive relatively low scores, indicating areas for improvement. While the perception of distinctive scenic attributes is positive, reception conditions, including dining and transportation, receive below-average ratings. By incorporating physical aspects into the evaluation, a more holistic assessment is achieved compared to conventional approaches. The standardized evaluation system provides destination managers with practical insights and a data-driven approach to benchmark strategies and enhance the quality of experiences over time. This study extends existing frameworks and underscores the importance of incorporating the embodied perspective in understanding and perpetuating experiences that hold essential value for the tourism industry.

Joshua Burton, Michael A. Boyd

This research study aimed to explore the socially constructed performance appraisal strategies human resource managers need to improve the organizational work unit climate. Socially constructed performance appraisal strategies advocate for the employee based on social context, societal norms, and values. The methodology used was a qualitative exploratory study that explored the experiences of fifteen human resource managers, consultants, and practitioners who had knowledge, developed, or implemented socially constructed performance appraisal processes and practices to improve the organizational work unit climate. The theoretical basis for the research study was centered on three concepts--performance appraisal, organizational work unit climate, and performance appraisal strategies---and how organizational control theory intertwined with social exchange theory related to an organization’s performance appraisal practices, which influence employees’ perceptions of accuracy, trust, and fairness. The findings show the emergence of several themes, including challenges associated with the performance appraisal process, socially constructed performance appraisal characteristics, effective strategies for improving the organizational work unit climate, assessment of a socially constructed performance appraisal process, and the importance of social exchange theory when designing and administering socially constructed performance appraisal processes. Additional examination focused on the correlation between the organizational work unit climate and organization performance before and after the application of socially constructed performance appraisal process strategies.

Shameem Alsalami

تتبنى هذه الدراسة مفهوم الانتقائية في نظرية هاليداي لاظهار طريقة عرض المعلومات المطروحة في العناوين الصحفية في الصحف الاجنبية وخصوصا ما يتعلق بموضوع الهجمات الاخيرة على غزة من قبل القوات الاسرائيلية في فلسطين. تسعى هذه الدراسة لاظهار طرق تمثيل الخبر في الصحف الاجنبية بما يتعلق بالصراع الفلسطيني-الاسرائيلي. المعلومات التي تم تحليلها بهذه الدراسة تم جمعها من عناوين صحيفة نيويورك تايمز المنشورة في الفترة من 13الى 17 ايار لعام 2021 وهي فترة الهجمات على غزة.

Naciye Bey

Abstract Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have emerged as important actors with regard to their interest in encouraging and supporting the dissemination of environmental policies. A key starting point in the examination of ENGOs and their influence on environmental policy is to highlight their decisions to affect policy processes as a means of achieving environmental protection. Hence, ENGOs need resources and it is equally important that they effectively employ those resources to achieve environmental policy influence. ENGO lobbying is a process in which different causal conditions interact with one another to affect environmental policy. However, minimal attention has been paid to how different conditions occurring together exert influence. This paper argues that it is the combined effect of resources and effective strategies that enables ENGOs to exert policy influence. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis is used to test the combined nature of different conditions. A dataset created in 2019 that includes 38 ENGOs from Turkey reveals that the combination of multiple interchangeable conditions leads to high ENGO policy influence. The findings suggest that advocacy effectiveness is achieved via two different causal paths. The first path entails having a large staff size, lobbying multiple venues, and using both inside and outside lobbying tactics, while the second involves large membership size, the use of both inside and outside lobbying, and lobbying multiple venues. This study suggests an alternative way of using the determinants of environmental policy influence and offers a new perspective for ENGO leaders to influence environmental policy.

واثق شاکر شاکر, نهى الدلیمی

الزمان له نظام یسیر علیه ماضیاً وحاضراً ومستقبلاً لایتغیر ولایتوقف, لکن تخیلات الشاعر تعید المتلقی بالزمان إلى الخلف, أو تنطلق به نحو الأمام بتقنیة الاستباق, والاستباق فعل الشیء قبل أنْ یفعلهُ غیرُه, وفرق الزمان هو الفاصل بین السابق إلى الأمر واللاحق له, وجاء هذا البحث لیبرز فاعلیة الفاظ الزمن فی شعر قیس, وقد جاءت بإشکال وأزمان متنوعة, مثل الدعاء والأمل والتمنی, وتوزعت على الیوم واللیل والساعة والموت والحشر؛ لیشمل کل الزمان بحب لیلى فقیس لم یترک الزمان المستقبلی إلاَّ ویتأمل ویتمنى ان یکون فیه لقاء مع لیلى, وقد یشکل الزمان عقبةً کبیرةً أمام قیس تمنعه من الوصول إلى لیلى ولکنه یستخدم المفارقة الزمنیة للقفز فوق حواجز الزمان, فیؤمل ویستبق ویسرع, ولکن بلا نتیجة فلا یصل إلى لیلى إلاَّ متأخراً فلا یکون لقاءً إلاَّ بعد الموت.

Ana Maria Mauad

Esse artigo se debruça sobre o estudo das notícias que circularam na capital da República brasileira sobre a epidemia de influenza que abalou a cidade nos meses de outubro e novembro de 1918. Concede especial atenção às fotografias publicadas nas principais revistas ilustradas, que circulavam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com vistas a reconstruir o fenômeno epidêmico como notícia. Observa-se o ritmo do acontecimento em seu deslocamento dos jornais diários para as revistas semanais e a trama narrativa tecida por fotografias e textos em torno do impacto da doença na população e seus desdobramentos na rotina da cidade. Objetiva-se com esse estudo identificar na prática fotográfica inscrita na imprensa, no início do século XX, a elaboração do espaço público visual em que, as versões em disputa sobre o acontecimento revelam aspectos específicos dos fenômenos sociais.  

Andrii Krawchuk

Book review of Liliana Hentosh. Mytropolyt Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: Vyprobuvannia idealiv[Metropolitan Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: A Test of Ideals]. VNTL-Klasyka, 2015. xii, 588 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Name Index.Paper.

Clarissa Lopes Suzuki, Eliene de Oliveira Aleixo

Este texto é um relato de experiências vivenciadas em um trabalho realizado no ano de 2014, na EMEF Desembargador Amorim Lima, escola da rede municipal da cidade de São Paulo. O projeto “Árvores e outras plantas do Amorim” foi desenvolvido com crianças de 6 e 7 anos, como parte dos estudos da Festa da Cultura, que tinha como tema “Os Povos Originários do Brasil”. Em consonância com a Lei 11.645/08, que altera a LDB 9394/96, tendo em vista uma aprendizagem significativa, o cuidado fundamental na realização do trabalho era não reproduzir estereótipos conservadores, que generalizam saberes e fazeres de culturas diversas e historicamente homogeneizadas, como aqueles encontrados nos livros didáticos estruturados pela lógica ocidental moderna. Nesse sentido, os contos Ticuna de O Livro das Árvores, organizado pelos Professores Ticuna Bilingues do Amazonas, que apresenta a cosmologia da etnia, inspirou o projeto, cujo objeto era reconhecer as árvores da escola, componentes essenciais nas brincadeiras diárias das crianças, disparando, dessa forma, a construção de um percurso de aprendizagem que não separa a razão da emoção. Para isso, em diálogo com as relações afetivas estabelecidas entre as crianças e as árvores da escola, foram experienciadas práticas de observação, nomeação e criação do povo Ticuna, o que desencadeou estudos de etnobotânica em tupi, cartografias das árvores, desenhos de observação, produções oral, visual e escrita e, por fim, a composição de um livro registrando todo o processo de aprendizagem. A experiência permitiu conhecer a complexidade da cosmologia Ticuna, desconstruindo a ideia do colonizador, quando afirma que “índio é tudo igual”, ao mesmo tempo que promove a valorização do conhecimento que se estrutura a partir das vivências cotidianas das crianças.

Azra Naseem, Kulsoom Ghias, Sohail Bawani et al.

In developing countries such as Pakistan, bioethics has not been included in mainstream thinking in medical education. The authors’ experiences suggest that current methods of teaching bioethics are problematic as students are unable to translate theory to practice. Alternative pedagogies, such as just-in-time learning (JiTL) using mobile devices, may be able to foster the development and implementation of ethical reasoning among nurses, doctors, and medical and nursing students. This research was conceived to determine the effectiveness of mobile JiTL – anytime, anyplace learning through mobile devices – for teaching bioethics. After obtaining ethical clearance, a participatory design (PD) approach was adopted to ensure input from all stakeholders for the design of ‘EthAKUL’, comprising a mobile app, five modules and just-in-time pedagogy. The name of the app is an acronym evoking ethics, learning and the university where the project originated. As a part of the design process, three PD workshops were held with junior doctors, nurses, nursing students, medical students and bioethics teaching faculty, and five meetings were held with faculty members, to discuss functional specifications and user-acceptance testing of the app. The feedback related to the nature of common ethical issues encountered in clinical settings, the existing process of teaching and learning bioethics, and the requested features of the app were recorded. These data sets were analyzed and synthesized into functional and technical specifications for the mobile app. The software programmers developed the app with the close involvement of the stakeholders. The development of teaching content continued alongside this process. While this enabled EthAKUL’s developers to incorporate needs of all stakeholders, challenges were encountered in the process relating to the pragmatic and conceptual aspects of JiTL, ML and PD. We discuss the implications of this research in bringing about transformative changes in higher education. How to cite this article: NASEEM, Azra; GHIAS, Kulsoom; BAWANI, Sohail; SHAHAB, Mohammad Ali; NIZAMUDDIN, Sameer; KASHIF, Waqar; KHAN, Kausar S; AHMAD, Tashfeen; KHAN, Murad. Designing EthAKUL: a mobile just-in-time learning environment for bioethics in Pakistan. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. v. 3, n. 1, p. 36-56, Apr. 2019. Available at: https://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=70&path%5B%5D=40 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Liam Kruger

This paper identifies and intervenes in the problems posed by reading postcolonial texts as representative, or encompassing of, the nation with which they are associated. Alternatively, it proposes that reading at the scale of the city offers a method for circumventing the elision of particularity which occurs when the nation, continent or globe are foregrounded in Western or Western-facing responses to these texts. The paper models what such a &#8220;scaled-down&#8221; reading might look like, attending to Dambudzo Marechera&#8217;s <i>House of Hunger</i> (1978) and Ivan Vladislavic&#8217;s <i>Portrait With Keys: Joburg and What-What</i> (2006), and their intricate relationships to the urban spaces of Harare and Johannesburg, respectively. At stake in these analyses are opportunities to identify what Jacques Ranci&#232;re terms dissensus, or political contestation, rendered in spatial terms. This establishes a pliable counterdiscourse of the city which seeks and discerns meaning not through consensus or &#8220;sanctioned representation&#8221;; but through the complexities of affective attachments, the plurality of experiences, and the teeming heterogeneity of physical and literary spaces that have been previously flattened.

Omar Sabaj Meruane, Carlos González Vergara, César Astudillo Zepeda et al.

El informe de arbitraje de artículos de investigación es un género en el que se cristaliza una parte del proceso colectivo de construcción del conocimiento. Debido a su carácter confidencial, existen muy pocos trabajos que aborden empíricamente este género. A su vez, esos pocos estudios tienen una serie de limitantes, como la falta de definición de la unidad de análisis y la falta de integración de los datos discursivos con los datos sociales de quienes los producen. En este trabajo, presentamos un modelo que busca superar limitantes. Aplicamos este modelo para describir cómo varía el informe de arbitraje según dos atributos extralingüísticos, la recomendación de publicación (aceptar, condicionar o rechazar) y el número de artículos publicados por los evaluadores. Los resultados muestran que ambos atributos extralingüísticos se asocian a cambios específicos del discurso de este género, siendo la recomendación de publicación más determinante que la productividad de los evaluadores.

Milou van Hout

‘Trieste, non di nuovo’In questo contributo ci si chiede come Trieste sia potuta crescere in modo tale da diventare una città dal significato mitologico letterario. Dal punto di vista della persona e dello scrittore Claudio Magris, vengono indagati l’ambiente letterario urbano di Trieste e la sua manifestazione in un discorso europeo di diversità ed identità durante periodi di crisi. Si propone una lettura di tale ambiente urbano come se fosse un mental mindscape in cui Trieste rappresenti sia un microcosmo in un contesto europeo che un’indicazione di luoghi concreti all’interno dello stesso spazio urbano.

Sithabile Hlahla, Trevor R. Hill

South Africa’s rising urbanization has exacerbated the levels of urban poverty and inequality. The urban poor are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability and have weak household risk response capacities. The study, through the use of a questionnaire survey, investigated how climate stressors such as the change of seasons, drought, heat waves, cold spells, hailstorms, floods, disease outbreaks, and veld fires are affecting four socioeconomically marginalized urban communities in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. The respondents identified eight stressors that affect lifestyles and livelihoods; however, the majority do not have the means to cope adequately. Moreover, the coping strategies that were adopted were stop-gap reactive-type measures and provide limited capacity to build resilience and response capacity. With the projections that climate stressors will increase in frequency and duration in the region, the local government must increase investment in urban pro-poor climate change projects, which have been successful in some rural and urban areas, and educate the communities on climate-related risks so as to increase their knowledge and response capacities.

Konderak Piotr

What is the class of possible semiotic systems? What kinds of systems could count as such systems? The human mind is naturally considered the prototypical semiotic system. During years of research in semiotics the class has been broadened to include i.e. living systems (Zlatev, 2002) like animals, or even plants (Krampen, 1992). It is suggested in the literature on artificial intelligence that artificial agents are typical examples of symbol-processing entities. It also seems that (at least some) semiotic processes are in fact cognitive processes. In consequence, it is natural to ask the question about the relation between semiotic studies and research on artificial cognitive systems within cognitive science. Consequently, my main question concerns the problem of inclusion or exclusion from the semiotic spectrum at least some artificial (computational) systems. I would like to consider some arguments against the possibility of artificial semiotic systems and I will try to repeal them. Then I will present an existing natural-language using agent of the SNePS system and interpret it in terms of Peircean theory of signs. I would like also to show that some properties of semiotic systems in Peircean sense could be also found in a discussed artificial system. Finally, I will have some remarks on the status of semiotics in general.

Ingreet Juliet Cano Castellanos

Las plantaciones de palma africana son un elemento emergente en los actuales paisajes de la región Marqués de Comillas, en el sureste de la Selva Lacandona. Varios miembros de la población campesina que allí se asentó desde 1970 consideran dichas plantaciones como una alternativa de producción benéfica tanto en términos ecológicos, como económicos. Dicha situación se presenta pese a los impactos negativos que esta especie puede tener sobre los ecosistemas de selva de la región. Estos últimos, de por sí profundamente modificados a través de la deforestación y la ganade-ría extensiva. ¿Cómo entender el uso local de un discurso ecologista para hablar de una especie exótica, considerada por algunos científicos como un factor adverso en ecosistemas intertropicales? Responder a esta pregunta es la puerta de entrada a un análisis de las encrucijadas provocadas por lo que denomino el proceso de “ecologización” de la Selva Lacandona. Asimismo, es una oportunidad para abordar los cambios ambientales y sociales, inte-grando en el análisis las relaciones que se dan entre sociedad y Estado.

Claudia Margarita Martínez Sanabria, Andrea Carolina Pérez Forero

Como Estado Social de Derecho el Estado colombiano es garante de los derechos y libertades inherentes a la persona humana, de esta principal obligación deriva conjuntamente para él, la obligación de brindar los mecanismos necesarios para obtener con efectividad la protección de tales derechos y libertades constitucionalmente reconocidos. Dentro de este contexto llama la atención la obligación que tiene el Estado colombiano de restituir las tierras que como consecuencia del conflicto armado por el que atraviesa nuestro país, les han sido arrebatadas violentamente a parte importante de la población rural del mismo, conocida bajo la denominación de desplazados, que como víctimas de dicho conflicto, reclaman una reparación integral de sus derechos. Es justamente esa reparación de tierras como eje fundamental de la reparación integral de los desplazados víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano el objeto de estudio de esta investigación, en la que se ofrece un panorama general bajo el que se analiza el problema del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, se señalan sus antecedentes y se identifican los derechos que han sido reconocidos a los desplazados; todo ello con respaldo en la normatividad y jurisprudencia que regulan de manera específica el tema planteado; lo que permite a su vez evaluar la aplicación práctica que la aludida normatividad ha tenido por parte de las autoridades gubernamentales a cargo, ello con el fin de identificar si las políticas estatales han sido suficientes y efectivas materializando este derecho o si son tan solo un atenuante “formal” a esa condición de vulnerabilidad en la que se encuentra la población desplazada.

Branka Kalenić Ramšak

Nova umetnost ustvarjanja komedij v tem času ali španska komedija zlatega veka

Joana Penêdo

- -, - -

With a glance at the constant development and progress of knowledge and information in today's world, critical thinking seems to be one of the most extensive concepts essential to any educational system. Western philosophers have always attached great importance to teaching critical thinking, among whom Socrates, Descartes, Kant and Popper are cases in point. Employing linguistic analysis, contemporary philosophers of education consider the critical thinking as a dispositional and episodic phenomenon. The authors believe that critical thinking, if practiced properly, can make a change in the process of learning in future. The article presents three light, gray and dark areas in our thought and culture and maintains that critical thinking has precious effects on the gray area including cognitive, mental, social and scientific effects. Utilizing an analytical style, the article tries to pave the way for training critical thinking in our schools and universities, which allegedly would lead to the betterment of the individual and the society.