The commentary on “Building better archival futures by recognizing epistemic injustice” by Charles Jeurgens begins to approach some of the ideas and concepts that he analyses, namely “epistemic justice” and, in special, “hermeneutical injustice”. Follows a mention to diverse researches and initiatives revisiting colonialism in Portugal and a critical mention on the extensive use of the term decolonisation applied, for instance, to the archives. The “myth of impartiality and neutrality” of the archivists deserves a specific attention, as well as the difficulties surrounding their practices’ transparency. The uniqueness of the colonial archives is questioned, in comparison with other archives equally demanding a rigorous study. Finally, doubts are raised on the role of archivists and archival institutions regarding the colonial archives as a matter of justice.
BACKGROUND Patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were assigned to dose and volume de-escalated radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) based on response to induction chemotherapy in an effort to limit treatment-related toxicity while preserving efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were classified as low-risk (≤T3, ≤N2B, ≤10 pack-year history) or high-risk (T4 or ≥N2C or >10 PYH). After three cycles of carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel, response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Low-risk patients with ≥50% response received 50 Gray (Gy) RT (RT50) while low-risk patients with 30%-50% response or high-risk patients with ≥50% response received 45 Gy CRT (CRT45). Patients with lesser response received standard-of-care 75 Gy CRT (CRT75). RT/CRT was limited to the first echelon of uninvolved nodes. The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival compared with a historic control of 85%. Secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (28 low risk/34 high risk) were enrolled. Of low-risk patients, 71% received RT50 while 21% received CRT45. Of high-risk patients, 71% received CRT45. With a median follow-up of 29 months, 2-year PFS and OS were 95% and 100% for low-risk patients and 94% and 97% for high-risk patients, respectively. The overall 2-year PFS was 94.5% and within the 11% noninferiority margin for the historic control. Grade 3+ mucositis occurred in 30%, 63%, and 91% of the RT50, CRT45, and CRT75 groups, respectively (P = 0.004). Rates of any PEG-tube use were 0%, 31%, and 82% for RT50, CRT45, and CRT75 groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Induction chemotherapy with response and risk-stratified dose and volume de-escalated RT/CRT for HPV+ OPSCC is associated with favorable oncologic outcomes and reduced acute and chronic toxicity. Further evaluation of induction-based de-escalation in large multicenter studies is justified. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02258659.
Nos estudos sobre a epidemia de febre amarela na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em meados do século XIX, um dos aspectos mais observados é a colaboração entre médicos e o governo imperial na criação de medidas sanitárias. Embora esses estudos apontem que a epidemia foi determinante para a consolidação da autoridade médica em relação a outras atividades curativas, um dos assuntos pouco explorados é como os farmacêuticos também se valeram desse cenário epidêmico para argumentar a favor da autoridade do profissional da farmácia diplomado. Nesse sentido, fundamentado na historiografia da história da farmácia, que examina o papel social do farmacêutico e a relação homem-medicamento no tempo, este artigo analisa como os farmacêuticos se utilizaram da epidemia de febre amarela para se estabelecerem como uma classe autônoma e contribuíram com a organização do mercado farmacêutico, através da elaboração de um regulamento específico para o funcionamento de boticas e farmácias.
Benjamin J. Hord, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Thomas M. Evans-Soma
et al.
JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature T _eq and planetary radius R _p and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.
El artículo describe algunas características que tuvo el proyecto editorial Revista de las Indias (1936-1951), una publicación diseñada y realizada en Bogotá, Colombia bajo los auspicios del gobierno nacional colombiano. La atención se detiene en el periodo que va entre 1938 y 1944 correspondiente a la segunda época de la Revista, momento durante el cual la publicación alcanzó a tener presencia de autores de todo el continente americano. El periodo de estudio corresponde también a la inserción consciente y planificada del equipo editorial responsable de la publicación para formar parte de las iniciativas para la cooperación intelectual impulsadas por instituciones gubernamentales de Europa y América durante la primera mitad del siglo xx. El texto también destaca los rasgos de la perspectiva continental que trazó la Revista de las Indias y las consideraciones sobre el mundo letrado colombiano de la época.
“The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis or the novel as a journey” takes part in the reporting referred in the general framework of the travel motif. e de Lisboa, em meados dos anos 30 do século XX. From Viagem a Portugal (1981) to A Viagem do Elefante (2008), including A Jangada de Pedra (1986), the journey constitutes a point of departure for questioning the return, identity, history, and the sites that were toured. In O Ano da Morte de Ricardo Reis, the journey leads to a rediscovering of urban spaces, of historical figures and of interpersonal experiences. Finally, the journey leads to other dimensions (symbolic, political, etc.), going far beyond wandering around the city of Lisbon, in the mid-1930s.
French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature
Sofia A. Teixeira, Paulo D. Pereira, Francisco C. Ferreira
Odour nuisance is an ignored environmental problem, an invisible face of air quality analysis and monitoring in Portugal. Local and governmental authorities have been receiving odour complaints, but only in recent years this issue is seen as a growing concern and not just a matter of licensing and inspection. This fact and the lack of specific ambient air odour regulation in Portugal originated a bottom up approach focused on citizens and their contribution to a more comprehensive analysis.
Despite the existence of odour measuring instruments, the human nose is a universal sensor with higher sensitivity that allows to assess the impact of discomfort on sensitive receptors. From this point of view, a sensorial method has been conducted with community neighbours of an odour emission source as an integrative approach to the problem and a complementary vector to a quantitative analysis. The human nose used as a “tool”, allows to address the issue instantly and at a local level, which is not always possible with other methodologies, even in situations where the detection limit is reduced and therefore not measurable with certain equipment. It should be noted that this olfactory evaluations are the ones responsible for triggering formal complaints to the authorities whether it is the National Guard, the municipality or the environmental regulators. But the lack of a unified form to register the complaints is a mandatory issue to help addressing the correct odour sources and better understand the problem. So, this sensorial approach also aims to develop a tool to aggregate the needed elements to a valid form, to ensure that the complaints can be verified and validated. This would help to make a comparison and create a record history database, at the odour emitter level or at local and national scale.
The results obtained with this approach have led to the application of several actions such as the real knowledge of the problem from an industrial operator perspective, inclusion of public stakeholders, and the design and implementation of an odour management plan with the purpose of the establishment of mitigation measures.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware
Tanto la prensa de la época como la posterior tradición historiográfica sobre la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 no registran los reclamos del movimiento estudiantil a favor de una transformación de la práctica científica en las universidades, especialmente en su dimensión experimental. Guiados por una agenda propia de la historia social de la ciencia, la tecnología y la medicina, exploramos en la prensa estudiantil y científica del período en qué medida esta rebelión estudiantil debe ser completada con la recuperación y el análisis de los reclamos y propuestas –precursoras en Argentina y América Latina– en favor de la transformación de la vida experimental. Nos proponemos también mostrar que estas propuestas convergieron en la figura de los “estudios libres” como canal dilecto para su concreción.
Modernity is, for many (for Jurgen Habermas or Charles Taylor, for example), an essentially or exclusively European phenomenon. In these lectures, I will argue that modernity is, in fact, a European phenomenon, but one constituted in a dialectical relation with a non-European alterity that is its ultimate content. Modernity appears when Europe affirms itself as the "center" of a World History that it inaugurates; the "periphery" that surrounds this center is consequently part of its self-definition. The occlusion of this periphery (and of the role of Spain and Portugal in the formation of the modern world system from the late fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries) leads the major contemporary thinkers of the "center" into a Eurocentric fallacy in their understanding of modernity. If their understanding of the genealogy of modernity is thus partial and provincial, their attempts at a critique or defense of it are likewise unilateral and, in part, false.
We review the history and evolution of blood donor criteria for men who have sex with men (MSM). Deferral policies in many jurisdictions, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Brazil and many western European countries are based on a period of abstinence from MSM, often of 12 months duration. Several countries (Italy, Spain and Portugal) defer donors based on sexual behaviours considered to be at high risk, regardless of whether the partner is same sex or opposite sex. Compliance is a key determinant in the efficacy of any deferral policy. We summarize research themes and strategies discussed at a January 2017 meeting held in Toronto, Canada, to provide an evidence basis for future policy changes.
The insurance market deliberately excludes the buildings’ envelope from their insurance policies, neglecting all the damage that can be caused by the degradation process or ageing of the materials. This stance is mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. Even though the building and its elements are the most valuable asset of any owner, most often homeowners do not adopt effective preventive measures to mitigate the deterioration and obsolescence of their assets. This study proposes an innovative methodology for the design of insurance policies for buildings’ envelopes, applied to natural stone facade claddings. The insurance product is defined based on deterministic and stochastic service life prediction models, established through the past degradation history of 142 natural stone claddings analyzed in service conditions in Portugal. Single-parameter (only analyzing the cladding’s age) and multiparameter (encompassing the relevant variables) models are applied in the calculation of the insurance premium. The expected claims are related with the performance of maintenance actions and established according to three degradation levels. The results obtained reveal that an increased knowledge about the insured cladding leads to a reduction of the risk margin and consequently, to a lower annual value of commercial premium paid by a household. This study proposes an innovative solution for tailoring the insurance products, in terms of the risk of failure of the buildings components, as well as the financial charges related with the maintenance of these elements, channeling the risks to the market.
Uma das manifestações mais visíveis do ensino da língua portuguesa no Reino Unido, o Ensino Português no Estrangeiro, resulta da imigração portuguesa entre os anos 60 do século XX e a atualidade, realidade que adquiriu uma nova expressão com a chegada de imigrantes brasileiros entre 1990 e a primeira década de 2000. As aulas de língua portuguesa nasceram como uma iniciativa de base comunitária, promovidas por pais e associações de imigrantes e marcadas por uma política de manutenção de língua. Ainda antes da revolução de 1974, o governo português assumiu a organização dos cursos, tendo a expansão da rede de apoio às comunidades diaspóricas acontecido no período pós‑revolucionário. Na viragem para o século XXI, a rede teve de se adaptar a novos discursos políticos e legislativos. Especialmente após o período entre 2006 e 2009, momento em que os cursos transitaram para a tutela do Instituto Camões, a língua portuguesa adquiriu um novo papel, o de recurso económico num mundo globalizado. No seio da comunidade, a aprendizagem de português passou a ser encarada como um investimento em capital cultural e educativo.
A search for a heavy resonance decaying into WZ in the fully leptonic channel (electrons and muons) is performed. It is based on proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. No significant excess is observed over the Standard Model predictions and limits are set on the production cross section times branching ratio of a heavy vector particle produced either in quark–antiquark fusion or through vector-boson fusion. Constraints are also obtained on the mass and couplings of a singly charged Higgs boson, in the Georgi–Machacek model, produced through vector-boson fusion.
In July 1986, Warren C. Baum was interviewed on behalf of the World Bank Group Archives oral history program by Robert W. Oliver. Mr. Baum earned a PhD in economics from Harvard University, and he joined the World Bank after working on the Marshall Plan with the US Government, During his tenure at the Bank from 1959 to 1986, Mr. Baum worked in the following areas: in the Europe, Africa and Australasia department as an economist/loan officer (1959-1962); in the department of operations, Europe, as a loan officer (1962-1964); in the projects department, transportation, as an assistant director (1964-1968) and associate director (1968-1972); as vice president of projects staff (1972-1974); as chairman of the consultative group on international agricultural research (1974-1984); and in operations policy as a vice president (1982-1986). His transcript concerns his time working on projects for France, Algeria, Spain, and Portugal, as well as becoming a liaison between the projects department and the transportation division. His appreciation of the unique experience inspired him to write two books on the work of the World Bank, Investing in Development: Lessons of World Bank Experience and Partners Against Hunger.