Hasil untuk "Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering"

Shubham Tyagi, Paresh C. Rout, Shubham Singh et al.

ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the physical properties of monolayer FeCl2 for spintronics applications. A phase transition from a ferromagnetic half‐metal to a ferromagnetic semiconductor is unveiled at 4.6 GPa, accompanied by a transition from a non‐polar (1T) to a polar (1H) structure. We demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure elevates the Curie temperature above room temperature (for example, 618 K at 5 GPa) and enhances the magnetic anisotropy energy (for example, 731 μeV per formula unit at 5 GPa). A significant Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction is present in the 1H structure (due to the broken spatial inversion symmetry) and increases with the hydrostatic pressure. Together with the observation of in‐plane electric polarization (for example, 1.1 pCcm−1 at 5 GPa), this positions the 1H structure as a pioneer in the class of 2D materials. Exploiting the phase transition of monolayer FeCl2, a single‐material magnetic tunnel junction is proposed and an outstanding tunneling magnetoresistance ratio is demonstrated.

M. Nisha, C. Baptista, D. Sam et al.

Adam Klett, Martin Anselm

As electronics manufacturing continues to grow in complexity, it is essential that the education of future engineers not only remains technically relevant but also adapts to the demands of this dynamic industry. To this end, KYZEN Corporation and the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) have teamed up and built an innovative collaboration aimed at equipping students with relevant, hands-on experience by integrating real-world problem-solving directly into their education. The partnership leverages a fully equipped SMT line at RIT, featuring extensive assembly and inspection capabilities but lacking advanced cleaning processes-a crucial factor for ensuring product reliability. KYZEN contributes specialized cleaning expertise and equipment to complete the manufacturing ecosystem and insight into practical industry challenges that enhance both research and curriculum development. Most universities ensure their curriculum is on track using Industry Advisory Boards (IABs). That strategy focuses more on larger curriculum objectives in traditional mechanical and electrical engineering. This program is a more targeted approach to curriculum, introducing specific electronics hardware manufacturing industry challenges. As a testament to the program's success, a case study highlighting the current student's work will be shared. Since this work is under preparation, the paper will focus on the student's involvement in developing the research. Under the guidance of both academic and industry mentors, the student engages in the entire research process, from experiment design and equipment operation to data analysis and results communication. This hands-on experience exemplifies the benefits of academic-industry synergy, preparing students with the skills needed to excel in an ever-evolving field.

Zhonglin Guo, Zhijie Liu, Miao Guo et al.

The single-stage transformerless photovoltaic (PV) topology is an attractive configuration as it offers high efficiency, low installation cost and smaller size. For such a configuration, the control algorithm should be designed to track the maximum power point, transform power from PV to grid, and reduce the common-mode voltage (CMV) simultaneously. However, the multi-objective handling problem will lead to degraded performance and slow response speed. In this paper, a model predictive control method with a revised switching states selection algorithm has been developed. The performance of the overall system can be enhanced under various conditions with improved efficiency. Furthermore, the CMV is greatly reduced and constrained to one sixth of the DC-link voltage. In addition, appropriate candidate region selection and pruning mechanism are employed to reduce the calculation burden of MPC. Finally, the performance of the proposed MPC method is verified by the control hardware-in-the-loop approach through OPAL real-time platform under various conditions.

Shraddha Surana, Ashwin Srinivasan, Michael Bain

Engineering information systems for scientific data analysis presents significant challenges: complex workflows requiring exploration of large solution spaces, close collaboration with domain specialists, and the need for maintainable, interpretable implementations. Traditional manual development is time-consuming, while "No Code" approaches using large language models (LLMs) often produce unreliable systems. We present iProg, a tool implementing Interactive Structured Inductive Programming. iProg employs a variant of a '2-way Intelligibility' communication protocol to constrain collaborative system construction by a human and an LLM. Specifically, given a natural-language description of the overall data analysis task, iProg uses an LLM to first identify an appropriate decomposition of the problem into a declarative representation, expressed as a Data Flow Diagram (DFD). In a second phase, iProg then uses an LLM to generate code for each DFD process. In both stages, human feedback, mediated through the constructs provided by the communication protocol, is used to verify LLMs' outputs. We evaluate iProg extensively on two published scientific collaborations (astrophysics and biochemistry), demonstrating that it is possible to identify appropriate system decompositions and construct end-to-end information systems with better performance, higher code quality, and order-of-magnitude faster development compared to Low Code/No Code alternatives. The tool is available at: https://shraddhasurana.github.io/dhaani/

Shalini Chakraborty, Sebastian Baltes

The IT industry provides supportive pathways such as returnship programs, coding boot camps, and buddy systems for women re-entering their job after a career break. Academia, however, offers limited opportunities to motivate women to return. We propose a diverse multicultural research project investigating the challenges faced by women with software engineering (SE) backgrounds re-entering academia or related research roles after a career break. Career disruptions due to pregnancy, immigration status, or lack of flexible work options can significantly impact women's career progress, creating barriers for returning as lecturers, professors, or senior researchers. Although many companies promote gender diversity policies, such measures are less prominent and often under-recognized within academic institutions. Our goal is to explore the specific challenges women encounter when re-entering academic roles compared to industry roles; to understand the institutional perspective, including a comparative analysis of existing policies and opportunities in different countries for women to return to the field; and finally, to provide recommendations that support transparent hiring practices. The research project will be carried out in multiple universities and in multiple countries to capture the diverse challenges and policies that vary by location.

N. O. Adelakun, S. A. Omolola

The lack of enthusiasm among students for practical classes is alarming. This prompted the need for an investigation into the issues of engineering education, with a focus on practical content delivery perspectives. An online questionnaire was completed by 325 respondents from tertiary institutions in southwest Nigeria, resulting in responses. This ensured diversity in age, gender, field of study, and academic level, providing detailed insights into the composition of the respondent pool. Notably, the majority of participants (295) are male, with only 30 females, highlighting a gender disparity that is common in most tertiary institutions. The distribution across fields and academic levels illustrates the diversity of engineering disciplines and academic advancement. For instance, electrical/electronics engineering received 153 responses, with ND 1 students being the most represented. A comprehensive evaluation of practical session challenges revealed widespread consensus on issues such as time constraints, insufficient equipment, and overcrowded classes. The mean values revealed the relative importance of each criterion, providing a more comprehensive understanding of respondents' viewpoints. The study concludes with innovative strategies for improving hands-on education while addressing identified shortcomings. The recommendations include improved access to resources, increased industry participation, modernization of equipment, standardized content delivery, technology-enabled learning, faculty development, structured coaching, adaptive assessments, and regular curriculum evaluations. These programs aim to promote continuous improvement and create a positive and productive learning environment for engineering students. This study provides valuable insights and practical solutions for enhancing the delivery of content, bridging gaps, and improving the quality of engineering education.

Run Ze Gao, Peter Lee, Aravind Ravi et al.

Yuan Lv, Shuhao Zhang, Kai Zhang et al.

Abstract An improved model predictive control (MPC) with Luenberger state observer is proposed in this article for LC‐coupling hybrid active power filter (LC‐HAPF). Traditionally, the implementation of MPC for LC‐HAPF requires additional sensors to measure coupling capacitor voltage, thereby increases the system cost and reduces reliability. The existence of one‐step sampling delay in practice will also affect the final compensation performance. To relax these problems, both continuous and discrete models are deduced first. Then, the Luenberger observer is utilized based on the discrete model to mitigate the steady‐state error without additional sensors. In addition, the sampling delay compensation is provided by improving the prediction horizon. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved MPC for LC‐HAPF is verified by experiment results, indicating that the proposed method has fast dynamic response and low steady‐state error.

Vo Phuc Tinh, Hoang Hai Son, Nguyen Hoang Nam et al.

In the large-scale deployment of federated learning (FL) systems, the heterogeneity of clients, such as mobile phones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices with different configurations, constitutes a significant problem regarding fairness, training performance, and accuracy. Such system heterogeneity leads to an inevitable trade-off between model complexity and data accessibility as a bottleneck. To avoid this situation and to achieve resource-adaptive FL, we introduce CrossHeteroFL to deal with heterogeneous clients equipped with different computational and communication capabilities. Our solution enables the training of heterogeneous local models with additional computational complexity and still generates a single global inference model. We demonstrate several CrossHeteroFL training scenarios and conduct extensive empirical evaluation, covering four levels of the computational complexity of three-model architectures on two datasets. The proposed mechanism provides the system with non-elementary access to a scattered fit among clients. However, the proposed method generalizes soft handover-based solutions by adjusting the model width according to clients’ capabilities and a tiered balance of data-source overviews to assess clients’ interests accurately. The evaluation results indicate our method solves the challenges in previous studies and produces greater top-1 accuracy and consistent performance under heterogeneous client conditions.

Zhu Lan

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13635-024-00152-9

Gerald Pintsuk, Emanuele Cacciotti, Francesco Crea et al.

Divertor components for ITER and even beyond will be subjected to cyclic steady state heat loads with a duration of several minutes to hours, repeatedly occurring slow transients during reattachment or ramp-up and down, as well as heat loads during ELMs applying a combination of low cycle fatigue and creep as well as high cycle fatigue via thermal shock loads. While for the qualification of components the duration of the fatigue cycles up to now has been kept small, i.e., close to the required time to reach thermal saturation which is 10 s for typical divertor components, creep in these components has not yet been assessed.In this study divertor tungsten monoblock mock-up manufactured via hot radial pressing in the ITER-like geometry consisting of 4 monoblocks and quality checked via ultrasonic testing are exposed to high heat flux loads in the electron beam facility JUDITH 2 using a high temperature cooling circuit with controlled water chemistry. Thereby, cyclic loads up to 1000 cycles with a duration of 10 to 600 s and a power density of 20 MW/m2 were applied, representing strike point loading conditions in DEMO during strike point sweeping scenarios. Each of the tungsten monoblocks is loaded individually providing the possibility to study different scenarios on one single mock-up. The aim is to assess the performance and degradation of performance due to the applied loads, which is supported by characterization via metallography, profilometry, SEM and hardness testing after the high heat flux tests.

Yvonne Dittrich, Johan Bolmsten, Catherine Seidelin

Action research provides the opportunity to explore the usefulness and usability of software engineering methods in industrial settings, and makes it possible to develop methods, tools and techniques with software engineering practitioners. However, as the research moves beyond the observational approach, it requires a different kind of interaction with the software development organisation. This makes action research a challenging endeavour, and it makes it difficult to teach action research through a course that goes beyond explaining the principles. This chapter is intended to support learning and teaching action research, by providing a rich set of examples, and identifying tools that we found helpful in our action research projects. The core of this chapter focusses on our interaction with the participating developers and domain experts, and the organisational setting. This chapter is structured around a set of challenges that reoccurred in the action research projects in which the authors participated. Each section is accompanied by a toolkit that presents related techniques and tools. The exercises are designed to explore the topics, and practise using the tools and techniques presented. We hope the material in this chapter encourages researchers who are new to action research to further explore this promising opportunity.

Nikhil Patnaik, Joseph Hallett, Awais Rashid

Writing secure code is challenging and so it is expected that, following the release of code-generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot, developers will use these tools to perform security tasks and use security APIs. However, is the code generated by ChatGPT secure? How would the everyday software or security engineer be able to tell? As we approach the next decade we expect a greater adoption of code-generative AI tools and to see developers use them to write secure code. In preparation for this, we need to ensure security-by-design. In this paper, we look back in time to Saltzer & Schroeder's security design principles as they will need to evolve and adapt to the challenges that come with a world of AI-generated code.

C. A. Bertulani, Y. Kucuk, F. S. Navarra

We explore the potential of conducting low-energy nuclear physics studies, including nuclear structure and decay, at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven. By comparing the standard theory of electron-nucleus scattering with the equivalent photon method applied to Ultraperipheral Collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the limit of extremely high beam energies and small energy transfers, very transparent equations emerge. We apply these equations to analyze nuclear fragmentation in UPCs at the LHC and $eA$ scattering at the EIC, demonstrating that the EIC could facilitate unique photonuclear physics studies. However, we have also shown that the fragmentation cross-sections at the EIC are about 1,000 times smaller than those at the LHC. At the LHC, the fragmentation of uranium nuclei displays characteristic double-hump mass distributions from fission events, while at the EIC, fragmentation is dominated by neutron emission and fewer few fission products, about 10,000 smaller number of events.

K. B. Madhavi, Velicharla Mosherani, Annavarapu Anadakumar

Abstract— Integrating value education into Electronics and communication engineering program and Electrical and Electronics engineering program is essential for developing students' ethical, social, and emotional maturity, enabling them tonavigate personal and professional scenarios with integrity and empathy. This paper incorporates the PBL into VLSI courses within a value educational framework, that offers a comprehensive approach to student development. It is not only enhances technical proficiency but also cultivates essential life skills and values, promoting engaged learning and holistic growth.Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an effective strategy for achieving this integration, transforming the educational landscape by fostering both technical skills and essential life principles. PBL engages students in hands-on projects that simulate real-world challenges, requiring collaboration, critical thinking, and innovative problem-solving, particularly in the field of VLSI. Thisactive learning approach shifts the educational experience from passive reception to active engagement, allowing students to take control of their learning journey. This approach ultimately prepares socially responsible engineers ready to make positive contributions to society. Engineering ethics plays a crucial role in ensuring that technological advancements benefit society and minimize harm. In VLSI, ethical considerations can affect safety, privacy, and environmental sustainability. Integrating ethics into engineering education equips students to navigate these challengesresponsibly. Keywords— Integration; Project Based Learning (PBL); Realtime projects; VLSI;

T. Bibik, I. Ostapenko, D. Feshchenko

Physical security systems in today's conditions play a key role in maintaining nuclear security and ensuring the normal functioning of facilities in the nuclear power industry. Given the possible lack of electrical power caused by missile strikes in wartime, the enemy or criminals can take advantage of the vulnerability of the physical protection system, the means of which will be de-energized, which can lead to unacceptable radiation consequences [1] as a result of successfully executed illegal actions (sabotage, theft, etc.) ). Therefore, in accordance with the legislation, a number of requirements are put forward to the power supplies of the complex of engineering and technical means of the physical security system, the fulfillment of which in the process of designing, construction or operation of the physical security system is aimed at preventing the failure of power supplies or minimizing the probability of failures in the reliable power supply of the equipment of the physical security n system protection An important stage of ensuring the uninterrupted functioning of the physical security system in conditions of long-term emergency power outages is the selection of a generator set. In this work, the object of research is the security of critical infrastructure objects in conditions of long-term power outages, and the subject of research is the power supply system of the complex of engineering and technical means of the physical security system. The paper analyzes the existing regulatory and legal documentation regarding physical security and provides the method of selecting a generator set, as well as the option of integrating the set into the scheme of power supplies of the complex of engineering and technical means. The main method of the process of selecting the specified equipment is the comparison and analysis of the parameters specified by the manufacturer with the parameters and characteristics that will meet the requirements of the current regulatory and legal documentation and the needs of the training center in supplying electricity to this or that equipment. The method presented in the paper is universal in application and can be scaled to other critical infrastructure facilities, where it is necessary to provide power supplies with a power reserve in conditions of long-term emergency shutdowns of industrial power sources.

Najma Bashir, Azmat Iqbal

Shaimaa Seyam, Ibrahim Dincer, Martin Agelin-Chaab

Locomotives still use antiquated engines, such as internal combustion engines operated by fossil fuels which cause global warming due to their significant emissions. This paper investigates a new hybridized locomotive engine containing a gas turbine system, solid oxide fuel cell system, heat recovery system, and an on-board hydrogen production system. This new integrated engine is operated using five fuel blends composed of alternative fuels, such as hydrogen, methane, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl ether. The current investigation involves multiple studies, such as exergy analysis, exergoeconomic analysis and exergoenvironmental analysis to assess the integrated engine system from three perspectives: efficiency/irreversibility, cost and environmental impact. The present study results show that the net power of this new engine is 4948.6 kW, and it has an exergetic efficiency of 62.7% according to the fuel-product principle. In addition, this engine weighs about 9 tons and costs about $10.2 M, with a levelized cost rate of 147 $/h and 14.06 mPt/h of overall component-related environmental impact rate. The average overall specific fuel and product exergy costs are about 37 $/GJ and 60 $/GJ, and the minimum values are 13.3 $/GJ and 21.8 $/GJ using the methane and hydrogen blend, respectively. Also, the average overall specific fuel-product exergoenvironmental impacts are about 15 and 23 mPt/MJ, respectively. Furthermore, the on-board hydrogen production has an average exergy cost of 274 $/GJ with an environmental impact of 52 mPt/MJ. Moreover, the hydrogen blended with methane or methanol is found to be more economical with less environmental impact.

Ahmed Abbas, Marif Daula Siddique, Shirazul Islam et al.

Abstract Galvanic isolation is an integral part for the grid connected solar PV system. With the advancement of multilevel inverters for the grid‐connected application, the multilevel inverters having isolation are not sufficiently discussed in the literature. Here, a 15‐level isolated multilevel inverter topology requiring only 13 switches is proposed. The proposed single‐phase isolated converter requires reduced switches to generate 15‐level ac output voltage with voltage gain of 7. Comparatively, the switches connected in the proposed converter undergo less voltage stress as compared to the MLIs reported in the literature. A comparison of the proposed converter structure to the state‐of‐the art MLIs described in the literature is included. The experimental results captured on a low‐power laboratory prototype are used to validate the performance of the proposed converter. The claimed efficiency of the converter calculated using simulation results is found to be 97.1%. However, the efficiency calculated using experimental results is 95.2% at 700 W.