Hasil untuk "Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation"

Jana Abikova

Purpose – This study delineates the factors impacting the motivation and job satisfaction of humanitarian logisticians. This study aims to explore their motivations for entering the sector and the reasons for persisting despite the challenges. Design/methodology/approach – Using an exploratory research design, data were gathered through online semi-structured questionnaires distributed to international and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs), UN agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the logistics cluster and the Humanitarian Logistics Association. Findings – This study reveals that humanitarian organisations, along with their policies, culture and practices, significantly influence staff well-being. Altruistic motives drive logisticians to support those in need, aligning with their moral standards. However, job satisfaction declines due to issues such as management practices, unfairness, bureaucracy and other factors affecting work-life balance. Practical implications – These findings offer insights for humanitarian organisations to address the challenges faced by logisticians and enhance their well-being. Understanding the issues before, during and after deployment is crucial for organisational focus. Representatives from some NGOs expressed optimism about the usefulness of this data during the collection process. Originality/value – This research pioneers an examination of the motivation and satisfaction of humanitarian logisticians, contributing to the existing body of knowledge on human resources in the non-profit sector.

Yin Chen, Minghao Zhu, Mingyi Chen

This study investigates the effectiveness of different wrapping materials, namely aerogel felt, thermal conductive gel, and two phase change materials (PCMs) in mitigating thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. The experimental results reveal that all the materials tested delay the onset of thermal runaway and safety valve rupture compared to unwrapped batteries. Specifically, aerogel felt and thermal conductive gel offer substantial thermal runaway inhibition, delaying the safety valve rupture time by 97 and 99 s, respectively. PCM-1 demonstrates a delay in safety valve rupture but has a limited impact on the onset of thermal runaway. Among all materials, thermal conductive gel shows the most significant impact, postponing both safety valve rupture and thermal runaway onset. In contrast, the PCMs exhibit relatively weaker effects. Furthermore, batteries wrapped in aerogel felt produce the highest CO concentration during thermal runaway, reaching 3,658 ppm. The maximum mass loss rate of the batteries varies with the wrapping material, ranging from 20.1 to 68.5 g/s, with the unwrapped batteries exhibiting the highest loss rate. Overall, the results suggest that thermal conductive gels and phase change materials improve the safety and emergency response of lithium-ion batteries under extreme conditions, with the thermal conductive gel showing the most promising results in delaying both safety valve rupture and thermal runaway.

Liu Yang, Ying Zhang, Qike He et al.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) road tanker rollover accidents, though infrequent, often lead to catastrophic consequences. Quantitative risk assessment is significantly challenged by the scarcity of probabilistic data specific to these complex, low-frequency events. To address this data limitation and enhance assessment accuracy, this study develops an integrated fuzzy fault tree-Bayesian network (FFT-BN) methodology. Fuzzy set theory is applied, leveraging multi-source general traffic accident statistics and expert judgment, to quantify the occurrence probabilities of basic causal factors under uncertainty. A Bayesian network is then constructed from the fault tree structure to enable comprehensive probabilistic inference. Critical risk factors were rigorously identified using multiple importance measures (ROV, BIM, RRW). The analysis consistently pinpointed poor road alignment and the absence of critical traffic facilities as the two paramount contributors. Crucially, vehicle speed management emerged as the central mitigation mechanism linking these factors; controlling speed effectively counters the destabilizing effects of poor alignment and compensates for the lack of timely hazard perception. The results demonstrate that implementing targeted speed control measures on identified high-risk road sections is essential for reducing the probability of LNG tanker rollovers.

Birhanu Shanko Dura, Simon Peter Nadeem, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes et al.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of technology in enhancing the resilience of humanitarian and commercial supply chains during disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and economic sanctions.Design/methodology/approachA five-step review process for conducting a systematic literature review was adopted to frame future technological interests that depict the role of technology.FindingsThis study identified key technological inventions, such as Industry 4.0 technologies, that help supply chains recover and adapt to crises. The study findings show that while technology offers significant benefits in mitigating disruptions, a gap remains between technological advancements and practical performance, particularly in humanitarian contexts. Humanitarian supply chains require technology that provides quality information sharing and collaborative decision-making capabilities for reactive approaches. Most literature prioritises large and complex data processing and transactions, cybersecurity, hybridised systems, visibility, transparency, interconnection, responsiveness and collaborative technological features that lead to a resilient supply chain and the ability to respond to future crises.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explores the role of technology in building resilient supply chain systems during disruptions, using a time-bound approach for efficient research and comprehensive literature analysis.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the role of technologies in logistics and supply chain activities helps evaluate and select various technologies and technological features to overcome the impact of disruptive events or shocks on supply chains.Social implicationsShaping, expanding and forecasting the technological requirements for supply chain systems provides the conceptual foundation for developing resilient supply chains.Originality/valueThe new insights from this study demonstrate how the technology was used across industry sectors to overcome the pandemic’s and Russian economic sanctions’ impact on supply chains.

Tobias Andersson Granberg, Hossein Baharmand

Jeanne-Marie Lawrence

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the capabilities essential to vaccine supply chain (VSC) resilience given a mass vaccination endeavor during a pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative study was used to elicit the required capabilities pertinent to the design of resilient VSC flows. Data were extracted from white papers, reports, academic papers and the presentations of over 100 experts globally who convened at webinars, symposia and workshops to discuss the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign and the VSC.FindingsThe results of this study indicated that 7 primary capabilities, 44 Level 1 sub-factor capabilities and 145 Level 2 sub-factor capabilities are essential to VSC resilience in a mass vaccination situation during a pandemic. Furthermore, through cluster analysis, associations of various degrees were identified between some pairs of resilience capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsTo the best of the author’s knowledge, a comprehensive and holistic exploratory research study that identifies systemic resilience capabilities of mass vaccination supply chains and aligns these requirements to the seven critical flows in the VSC has not been previously undertaken. A cluster analysis that depicts the relationships between the resilience capabilities has also not yet been done.Practical implicationsThe results have significant consequences as an informative reference for leaders managing herd immunity goals during pandemic situations. Stakeholders in the public sector, private sector and other entities, involved in planning and managing all or part of a mass VSC during a pandemic, should find the results valuable in providing a structured approach for building resilience at systemic and individual flow levels.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on designing resilient mass vaccination supply chains during a pandemic. Using data from a wide spectrum of published and audiovisual sources, this study identifies seven resilience capabilities to reduce disturbances that lead to delays in mass vaccination supply chains. This study develops a structured approach to align these capabilities to the seven critical flows in the VSC. Through cluster analysis, associations between the resilience capabilities are identified, indicating where multiple strategies may be required to reinforce VSC resilience.

Alex P. Hood, Lauren M. Tibbits, Juan I. Laporta et al.

Introduction Suicidality is a growing problem in the US, and the emergency department (ED) is often the front line for the management and effective treatment of acutely suicidal patients. There is a dearth of interventions that emergency physicians may use to manage and effectively treat acutely suicidal patients. To the extent that recently described interventions are available for ED personnel, no review has been conducted to identify them. This scoping review is intended to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the literature to identify recently described interventions that can be administered in the ED to reduce symptoms and stabilize patients. Methods We conducted a search of PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL in January 2024 to identify papers published between 2013–2023 for original research trialing recent interventions for the effective treatment of suicidality in the ED. We assessed 16 full-text articles for eligibility, and nine met inclusion criteria. Included studies were evaluated for features and characteristics, the fit of the intervention to the ED environment, and interventional efficacy. Results Four studies assessed the efficacy of a single dose of the anesthetic/analgesic agent ketamine. Three studies assessed the efficacy of a brief psychosocial intervention delivered in the ED, two of which paired this intervention with the provision of follow-up care (postcard contact and referral assistance/case management, respectively). The remaining two studies trialed a brief, motivational interviewing-based intervention. Included studies had strong experimental designs (randomized controlled trials) but small sample sizes (average 57). Among the interventions represented across these nine studies, a single dose of ketamine and the brief psychosocial intervention Crisis Response Planning (CRP) show promise as ED-appropriate interventions for suicidality. Ketamine and CRP demonstrated the strongest fit to the ED environment and most robust efficacy findings. Conclusion This review identified one drug (ketamine) and four unique psychological/behavioral interventions that have been used to treat acute suicidality in the ED. There is currently insufficient evidence to suggest that these interventions will prove efficacious and well-suited to be delivered in the ED environment. Future studies should continue to test these interventions in the ED setting to determine their feasibility and efficacy.

E. S. Ivleva, A. Rumyantseva, L. V. Tserkasevich

Aim. To study the economic crises that occurred in the Russian Federation (RF) from 1991 to 2022 from the point of view of analyzing the causes of their occurrence and the factors of reversal, as well as identifying the chances of overcoming the stages of slowdown and decline in economic dynamics, including those associated with digitalization.Objectives. To reveal the causes of economic crises by identifying the risks realized during this or that crisis; to determine the financial instruments of economic crises reversal in the Russian economy since 1991; to identify the chances of the economic system to overcome the stages of slowdown and decline in economic dynamics and to turn the economic system to sustainable growth.Methods. General scientific methods, including comparative, retrospective and analogy methods, were used as methodological tools.Results. The article identifies the realized risks of economic crises in the Russian Federation, from the crisis of 1991 to the crisis of 2022. As chances of economic growth in the period of digital transformation of the economy and the financial sector, the risks of innovative financial technologies, risks of digitalization of the banking sector, risks of insurance and financial services were identified. Financial and non-financial tools to turn the economic crisis to the recovery period and subsequent sustainable growth were identified.Conclusions. Any crisis is based not only on factors that aggravate and destabilize its parameters, but also on factors that present new chances for further economic development. When assessing economic dynamics during crises, one should take into account the realized risks, possible chances and tools for economic turnaround, including financial and non-financial instruments. Financial instruments, which allow to implement extraordinary management decisions, serve as instruments of turnaround. Additional state budget expenditures from the reserve fund (until 2017) or from the national welfare fund represent corrective financing in periods of uncertainty and are associated with emergency management decisions during crises, including during a special military operation. The main task of the regulator is to limit the negative effects of realized internal and external risks.

J. Landre

Challenges in the delivery of high-quality patient centric care in Canada is plagued by staff and medical supplies shortages and spiking burnout rates leading to closures of more than a thousand emergency rooms in 2023. A literature review was conducted to examine the crisis preparedness and responsiveness of healthcare establishments in Ukraine in a warfare context, with the intent of exacting recommendations to respond to shortages in Canadian hospitals. Utilizing queries on distinct databases, more than 17,500 entries were found, narrowed, and selected for review. Managerial implications for Canadian establishments include: (1) adapting a change management approach, (2) capitalizing on existing assets, resources, and networks, (3) recognizing cyclical patterns to prevent negative outcomes, (4) planning for and attending to the vulnerabilities of specific sub-population groups, (5) utilizing geolocated analytics, and (6) exploiting external expertise and volunteer network through tailored working conditions.

Viet Tien Pham

Purpose. Research of statistics of natural disasters in Vietnam and ways how to minimize human losses by improvement the effectiveness of rescue activities. Methods. Statistical. Findings. Proposals are presented to improve the effectiveness of rescue activities to minimize human losses in incidents and natural disasters. Application field of research. Rescue activities for various types of incidents and natural disasters of the Vietnamese police force of fire protection and rescue.

Congming Ma, Jiani Xu, Peng Ma

Work safety expenses, as legally required, should be used to meet and improve the prescribed work safety conditions of the business entity specifically. The standardized set-aside, use and management of work safety expenses can ensure the normal development of work safety activities and the safety of employees' lives and property. The historical evolution of work safety expenses in China is described in detail, from the department rules of work safety expenses set-aside for coal production enterprises, fireworks and firecracker production enterprises, and other single enterprise types to the comprehensive department rules, applicable to the management of work safety expenses in multiple industries. The set-aside standard and time of work safety expenses of different types of enterprises are comprehensively compared, and the standardized set-aside of work safety expenses is explained by taking the production and storage enterprises of dangerous chemicals as an example. It is analyzed that the scope of use of work safety expenses includes the construction of emergency rescue teams, major hazard detection, safety risk grading management, hidden trouble checking, construction of work safety information, etc. Through the establishment of a three-level linkage of government supervision, enterprise implementation, and third-party agency services, the standardized management of work safety expenses will be realized.

C. Chumpitazi, Cindy D. Chang, Zaza Atanelov et al.

Pediatric pain is challenging to assess and manage. Frequently underestimated in children, untreated pain may have consequences including increased fear, anxiety, and psychological issues. With the current opioid crisis, emergency physicians must be knowledgeable in both pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic approaches to address pain and anxiety in children that lead to enhanced patient cooperation and family satisfaction. This document focuses pain management and distress mitigation strategies for the brief diagnostic and therapeutic procedures commonly performed.

Alex Copping, Noorullah Kuchai, Laura Hattam et al.

Purpose – Understanding the supply network of construction materials used to construct shelters in refugee camps, or during the reconstruction of communities, is important as it can reveal the intricate links between different stakeholders and the volumes and speeds of material flows to the end-user. Using social network analysis (SNA) enables another dimension to be analysed – the role of commonalities. This is likely to be particularly important when attempting to replace vernacular materials with higher-performing alternatives or when encouraging the use of non-vernacular methods. This paper aims to analyse the supply networks of four different disaster-relief situations. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from interviews with 272 displaced (or formally displaced) families in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Turkey, often in difficult conditions. Findings – The results show that the form of the supply networks was highly influenced by the nature/cause of the initial displacement, the geographical location, the local availability of materials and the degree of support/advice given by aid agencies and or governments. In addition, it was found that SNA could be used to indicate which strategies might work in a particular context and which might not, thereby potentially speeding up the delivery of novel solutions. Research limitations/implications – This study represents the first attempt in theorising and empirically investigating supply networks using SNA in a post-disaster reconstruction context. It is suggested that future studies might map the up-stream supply chain to include manufacturers and higher-order, out of country, suppliers. This would provide a complete picture of the origins of all materials and components in the supply network. Originality/value – This is original research, and it aims to produce new knowledge.

Xiangyu (Dale) Li, Praveen Maghelal, Sudha Arlikatti et al.

This paper explores the concept of evacuation mobilization as a protective decision-making process and builds a theoretical framework that captures the factors from the perspective of risk communication. As a critical step in the decision process of disaster evacuation, in practice, mobilization has been overlooked. This study aims to embrace the varied yet inconsistent factors to a theoretical framework built upon the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM). A comprehensive review of literature of seminal and recent studies exploring the factors of mobilization and the major risk communication studies were used to build the theoretical framework explaining the variance of evacuation mobilization. Upon reviewing the aspects and factors of evacuation mobilization, this study asserts that the PADM is the most appropriate framework among those examined to theorize this process in evacuee decision-making. Specifically, the stages of receiving environmental cues and information, pre-decision processes, and perceptions, sequentially determine the on-going decision process of mobilization. This study fully discusses the issues surrounding evacuation mobilization and invites further empirical studies on early-warning disaster evacuations and more accurate simulations for late or no-warning evacuations. It also offers suggestions on how to mitigate the potential harm caused by extended mobilization.

Marina Johnson, Abdullah Albizri, A. Harfouche et al.

PurposeThe global health crisis represents an unprecedented opportunity for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. This paper aims to integrate explainable AI into the decision-making process in emergency scenarios to help mitigate the high levels of complexity and uncertainty associated with these situations. An AI solution is designed to extract insights into opioid overdose (OD) that can help government agencies to improve their medical emergency response and reduce opioid-related deaths.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs the design science research paradigm as an overarching framework. Open-access digital data and AI, two essential components within the digital transformation domain, are used to accurately predict OD survival rates.FindingsThe proposed AI solution has two primary implications for the advancement of informed emergency management. Results show that it can help not only local agencies plan their resources for timely response to OD incidents, thus improving survival rates, but also governments to identify geographical areas with lower survival rates and their primary contributing factor; hence, they can plan and allocate long-term resources to increase survival rates and help in developing effective emergency-related policies.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates that digital transformation, particularly open-access digital data and AI, can improve the emergency management framework (EMF). It also demonstrates that the AI models developed in this study can identify opioid OD trends and determine the significant factors improving survival rates.

Narath Bhusiri, Ruth Banomyong, Puthipong Julagasigorn et al.

Purpose – The impact of supply disruptions from unplanned events can cause goods shortage, limited responsiveness and high opportunity cost thus compromising development aid programmes' achievement targets. These situations force humanitarian aid agencies to develop new strategies for effectively managing their supplies. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the foundation of humanitarian supply chain resilience through the development of an adapted Kraljic portfolio model. Design/methodology/approach – Action research was used to adapt and validate the Kraljic portfolio model to the development aid context. The research team worked with a humanitarian aid agency in developing criterions and used Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in weighting those key criterions. Findings – The adapted portfolio model was able to evaluate purchases done by the aid agency by incorporating different perspectives related to the strategic importance of purchase and supply vulnerability. In particular, development aid programmes require large supplies annually. Better classification offers improved visualisation of purchases, leading to a more precise adoption of mitigation strategies and policies to minimise supply disruption risks. Research limitations/implications – Adapting the Kraljic portfolio model is a stepping-stone to building humanitarian supply chain resilience. The proposed humanitarian supply chain resilience framework is based on the foundation that current humanitarian supply chain needs to be re-engineered. In order to re-engineer, the supply base strategy must first be revisited. Practical implications – Many aid agencies do not have a holistic view on their purchases and commonly apply a transactional classification of purchases that only considers the consumption values. Purchasing strategies mostly focus on cost minimisation, whereas risk mitigations have been disregarded. The proposed portfolio model overcomes these drawbacks. Societal impact may be limited but development aid agencies will be able to offer more reliable aid delivery as part of their mandate. Originality/value – The proposed portfolio model is among the first tool to guide humanitarian aid agencies to develop procurement strategies to alleviate supply disruptions and increase development aid programmes resilience.

Jorge García Castillo

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical model to decide between cash-based and in-kind distributions during emergency responses considering the needs of beneficiaries and market conditions. To allow the switch between modalities, a preparedness framework for humanitarian organizations (HOs) is provided. Design/methodology/approach – A mathematical model is proposed to help humanitarian responders make quantitative decisions on the type of programs to implement in emergency responses. The model was applied to a field response by an international HO during the COVID-19 emergency in Colombia. Findings – Cash-based and in-kind distributions are not mutually exclusive response modalities during emergencies, and the real needs of beneficiaries and market effects should be included in the modality selection decision to improve program effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – The research is focused on short-term immediate response to emergencies; the proposed model assumes favorable market conditions and limits the aid options to direct in-kind and multipurpose cash assistance, excluding other types of cash transfers. Practical implications – The research outlines practical preconditions to operationalize switching between programs during an emergency. The study provides evidence that HOs should consider dynamics decision tools to select aid modalities and evaluate their response depending on market conditions. Social implications – Considering aid modality as a dynamic decision and including the needs from beneficiaries in the choice can have profound impact in the dignifying of humanitarian response to emergencies. Originality/value – The quantitative model to decide between aid modalities is a novel approach to include beneficiaries' needs and market dynamics into humanitarian supply chain research. The preparedness framework closes the gap between the emergency preparedness literature and the operational constraints that organizations face for fast program implementation.