Hasil untuk "Consciousness. Cognition"

H. Duffau

Wanru Zhou, Christiantine Della

In recent years, there has been extensive research on children's creativity in China. This study primarily utilizes the CNKI.net database to analyze papers on children's creativity published in China over the past decade. It focuses on Chinese scholars' perspectives regarding the trajectory of creative development, emphasizing key phases and effective teaching strategies. From an initial pool of 242 publications, 58 studies were selected for detailed examination. The findings indicate that early childhood education, particularly in kindergarten and preschool settings, is critical for nurturing creativity. Besides language instruction, other significant factors include contextualized learning, crafts, physical education, and emotional support, with arts education identified as a vital strategy for fostering creative skills. The study also notes shortcomings within the educational system, where academic achievement and administrative considerations often overshadow artistic expression. Moreover, it suggests that Chinese scholarship requires a greater emphasis on innovation compared to research conducted in other regions. The results provide guidance for future research and educational policy modifications, advocating for an interest-based curriculum and supportive family environments to enhance creativity.

S. Gallagher

Ashraf Sadat Ahadzadeh, Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, F. S. Ong et al.

Background Today, people use the Internet to satisfy health-related information and communication needs. In Malaysia, Internet use for health management has become increasingly significant due to the increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, in particular among urban women and their desire to stay healthy. Past studies adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Health Belief Model (HBM) independently to explain Internet use for health-related purposes. Although both the TAM and HBM have their own merits, independently they lack the ability to explain the cognition and the related mechanism in which individuals use the Internet for health purposes. Objective This study aimed to examine the influence of perceived health risk and health consciousness on health-related Internet use based on the HBM. Drawing on the TAM, it also tested the mediating effects of perceived usefulness of the Internet for health information and attitude toward Internet use for health purposes for the relationship between health-related factors, namely perceived health risk and health consciousness on health-related Internet use. Methods Data obtained for the current study were collected using purposive sampling; the sample consisted of women in Malaysia who had Internet access. The partial least squares structural equation modeling method was used to test the research hypotheses developed. Results Perceived health risk (β=.135, t 1999=2.676) and health consciousness (β=.447, t 1999=9.168) had a positive influence on health-related Internet use. Moreover, perceived usefulness of the Internet and attitude toward Internet use for health-related purposes partially mediated the influence of health consciousness on health-related Internet use (β=.025, t 1999=3.234), whereas the effect of perceived health risk on health-related Internet use was fully mediated by perceived usefulness of the Internet and attitude (β=.029, t 1999=3.609). These results suggest the central role of perceived usefulness of the Internet and attitude toward Internet use for health purposes for women who were health conscious and who perceived their health to be at risk. Conclusions The integrated model proposed and tested in this study shows that the HBM, when combined with the TAM, is able to predict Internet use for health purposes. For women who subjectively evaluate their health as vulnerable to diseases and are concerned about their health, cognition beliefs in and positive affective feelings about the Internet come into play in determining the use of health-related Internet use. Furthermore, this study shows that engaging in health-related Internet use is a proactive behavior rather than a reactive behavior, suggesting that TAM dimensions have a significant mediating role in Internet health management.

Hiroki Shibata, Akiko Noda, Yuanjie Mao et al.

Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to examine the influence of SDB on daytime brain activity in the community-dwelling older adults.

Yue Jin

Emotions play a crucial role in human life. The research community has proposed many theories on emotions without reaching much consensus. The situation is similar for emotions in cognitive architectures and autonomous agents. I propose in this paper that emotions are recognized patterns of cognitive activities. These activities are responses of an agent to the deviations between the targets of its goals and the performances of its actions. Emotions still arise even if these activities are purely logical. I map the patterns of cognitive activities to emotions. I show the link between emotions and attention and the impacts of the parameterized functions in the cognitive architecture on the computing of emotions. My proposition bridges different theories on emotions and advances the building of consensus.

Andrew Knight

This paper presents a novel information-theoretic proof demonstrating that the human brain as currently understood cannot function as a classical digital computer. Through systematic quantification of distinguishable conscious states and their historical dependencies, we establish that the minimum information required to specify a conscious state exceeds the physical information capacity of the human brain by a significant factor. Our analysis calculates the bit-length requirements for representing consciously distinguishable sensory "stimulus frames" and demonstrates that consciousness exhibits mandatory temporal-historical dependencies that multiply these requirements beyond the brain's storage capabilities. This mathematical approach offers new insights into the fundamental limitations of computational models of consciousness and suggests that non-classical information processing mechanisms may be necessary to account for conscious experience.

Bongsu Kang, Jundong Kim, Tae-Rim Yun et al.

This study quantitively examines which features of AI-generated text lead humans to perceive subjective consciousness in large language model (LLM)-based AI systems. Drawing on 99 passages from conversations with Claude 3 Opus and focusing on eight features -- metacognitive self-reflection, logical reasoning, empathy, emotionality, knowledge, fluency, unexpectedness, and subjective expressiveness -- we conducted a survey with 123 participants. Using regression and clustering analyses, we investigated how these features influence participants' perceptions of AI consciousness. The results reveal that metacognitive self-reflection and the AI's expression of its own emotions significantly increased perceived consciousness, while a heavy emphasis on knowledge reduced it. Participants clustered into seven subgroups, each showing distinct feature-weighting patterns. Additionally, higher prior knowledge of LLMs and more frequent usage of LLM-based chatbots were associated with greater overall likelihood assessments of AI consciousness. This study underscores the multidimensional and individualized nature of perceived AI consciousness and provides a foundation for better understanding the psychosocial implications of human-AI interaction.

Sang Hun Kim, Jongmin Lee, Dongkyu Park et al.

We propose a multi-agent framework for modeling artificial consciousness in large language models (LLMs), grounded in psychoanalytic theory. Our \textbf{Psychodynamic Model} simulates self-awareness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness through agent interaction, guided by a Personalization Module combining fixed traits and dynamic needs. Using parameter-efficient fine-tuning on emotionally rich dialogues, the system was evaluated across eight personalized conditions. An LLM as a judge approach showed a 71.2\% preference for the fine-tuned model, with improved emotional depth and reduced output variance, demonstrating its potential for adaptive, personalized cognition.

Anne Keitel, Christian Keitel, Mohsen Alavash et al.

Brain rhythms seem central to understanding the neurophysiological basis of human cognition. Yet, despite significant advances, key questions remain unresolved. In this comprehensive position paper, we review the current state of the art on oscillatory mechanisms and their cognitive relevance. The paper critically examines physiological underpinnings, from phase-related dynamics like cyclic excitability, to amplitude-based phenomena, such as gating by inhibition, and their interactions, such as phase-amplitude coupling, as well as frequency dynamics, like sampling mechanisms. We also critically evaluate future research directions, including travelling waves and brain-body interactions. We then provide an in-depth analysis of the role of brain rhythms across cognitive domains, including perception, attention, memory, and communication, emphasising ongoing debates and open questions in each area. By summarising current theories and highlighting gaps, this position paper offers a roadmap for future research, aimed at facilitating a unified framework of rhythmic brain function underlying cognition.

Sridhar Mahadevan

We propose a novel theory of consciousness as a functor (CF) that receives and transmits contents from unconscious memory into conscious memory. Our CF framework can be seen as a categorial formulation of the Global Workspace Theory proposed by Baars. CF models the ensemble of unconscious processes as a topos category of coalgebras. The internal language of thought in CF is defined as a Multi-modal Universal Mitchell-Benabou Language Embedding (MUMBLE). We model the transmission of information from conscious short-term working memory to long-term unconscious memory using our recently proposed Universal Reinforcement Learning (URL) framework. To model the transmission of information from unconscious long-term memory into resource-constrained short-term memory, we propose a network economic model.

J. López-Giménez, J. González-Maeso

Rebecca Menza, Jill Howie-Esquivel, Tasce Bongiovanni et al.

<h4>Introduction</h4>Patients experience high symptom burden during critical care hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Medications are of limited effectiveness and are associated with increased morbidity such as delirium and long-term cognitive and psychological impairments. Music-based interventions have been used for pain and anxiety management in critical care but remain understudied in terms of music selection and range of symptoms. This study aimed to describe the ways in which a diverse sample of critically ill adults used personalized music listening and their perceptions of the effects of music listening on symptom experience after critical injury.<h4>Methods</h4>Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) of adult patients, families and friends who were provided with personalized music in an urban, academic, neurotrauma intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with grounded theory methodology. Open coding of transcripts, field notes and memos was performed using Atlas.ti.9.1. Recruitment and data collection were deemed complete once thematic saturation was achieved.<h4>Results</h4>We identified 6 uses of personalized music listening in critical care: 1) Restoring consciousness; 2) Maintaining cognition; 3) Humanizing the hospital experience; 4) Providing a source of connection; 5) Improving psychological wellbeing; and 6) Resolving the problems of silence. Patients used music to address psychological experiences of loneliness, fear, confusion, and loss of control. Personalized music helped patients maintain their identity and process their trauma. Additional benefits of music included experiencing pleasure, hope, resilience, and feelings of normalcy. Patients disliked being sedated and used music to wake up. Findings also highlighted the problem of the lack of meaningful stimulation in critical care.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Critically injured adults used personalized music to achieve psychological and cognitive homeostasis during critical care hospitalization. These results can inform future studies designed to explore the use of music-based interventions to prevent and treat the cognitive and emotional morbidity of critical care.

Haleh Sadat Arastoo, Mir Farhad Ghalehbandi, Kaveh Alavi et al.

Objective An individual's chronotype affects circadian characteristics associated with bedtime, waking, and other daily activities. It is known that academic achievement is strongly dependent on personality traits. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship regarding chronotype, quality of life, and academic performance of university students by comparing three educational fields: medicine, technology, and art.

Dilip Arumugam, Mark K. Ho, Noah D. Goodman et al.

Ernő Vincze, Ineta Kačergytė, Juliane Gaviraghi Mussoi et al.

Abstract Performance in tests of various cognitive abilities has often been compared, both within and between species. In intraspecific comparisons, habitat effects on cognition has been a popular topic, frequently with an underlying assumption that urban animals should perform better than their rural conspecifics. In this study, we tested problem-solving ability in great tits Parus major, in a string-pulling and a plug-opening test. Our aim was to compare performance between urban and rural great tits, and to compare their performance with previously published problem solving studies. Our great tits perfomed better in string-pulling than their conspecifics in previous studies (solving success: 54%), and better than their close relative, the mountain chickadee Poecile gambeli, in the plug-opening test (solving success: 70%). Solving latency became shorter over four repeated sessions, indicating learning abilities, and showed among-individual correlation between the two tests. However, the solving ability did not differ between habitat types in either test. Somewhat unexpectedly, we found marked differences between study years even though we tried to keep conditions identical. These were probably due to small changes to the experimental protocol between years, for example the unavoidable changes of observers and changes in the size and material of test devices. This has an important implication: if small changes in an otherwise identical set-up can have strong effects, meaningful comparisons of cognitive performance between different labs must be extremely hard. In a wider perspective this highlights the replicability problem often present in animal behaviour studies.

Matthieu M. de Wit

Mougenot and Matheson (2024) make a compelling case for the development of a mechanistic cognitive neuroscience that is embodied. However, their analysis of extant work under this header plays down important distinctions between "minimal" and "radical" embodiment. The former remains firmly neurocentric and therefore has limited potential to move the needle in understanding the functional contributions of neural dynamics to cognition in the context of wider organism-environment dynamics.

Paul S. Rosenbloom, John E. Laird, Christian Lebiere et al.

Cognition and emotion must be partnered in any complete model of a humanlike mind. This article proposes an extension to the Common Model of Cognition -- a developing consensus concerning what is required in such a mind -- for emotion that includes a linked pair of modules for emotion and metacognitive assessment, plus pervasive connections between these two new modules and the Common Model's existing modules and links.

Christopher Jude McCarroll, Alun Kirby

In the BBC show, The Repair Shop, members of the public bring their cherished but crumbling possessions into a workshop populated by expert craftspeople, who carry out restorations. These objects arrive as treasured possessions, which, despite their dilapidated state, still hold memories and meaning for their owners, albeit memories that may have faded as the object itself has aged. Something magical seems to take place after the objects are restored, however. The restored objects seem to reanimate and revive the memories that their owners have invested in them. How is it possible that this restoration can bring memories held by the objects back to life? What is special about The Repair Shop restoring objects to their former glory? We outline two ways in which objects can be evocative and embody emotion, memory, and meaning. We then outline the ways in which the restoration of these objects to something like their original form can improve scaffolded recall and bring memories back to life. For one class of evocative objects, the restoration enhances recall by reinstating details from the context in which the memories were encoded. For the second class of evocative objects, their restoration affords an imaginative connection to the past, which enables them to become powerful focal points of memory and shared narratives. In effect, The Repair Shop seems to work not only as a repair shop of objects but as a repair shop of memory too.

Lauren L. Richmond, Julia Kearley, Shawn T. Schwartz et al.

Abstract Although cognitive offloading, or the use of physical action to reduce internal cognitive demands, is a commonly used strategy in everyday life, relatively little is known about the conditions that encourage offloading and the memorial consequences of different offloading strategies for performance. Much of the extant work in this domain has focused on laboratory-based tasks consisting of word lists, letter strings, or numerical stimuli and thus makes little contact with real-world scenarios under which engaging in cognitive offloading might be likely. Accordingly, the current work examines offloading choice behavior and potential benefits afforded by offloading health-related information. Experiment 1 tests for internal memory performance for different pieces of missing medication interaction information. Experiment 2 tests internal memory and offloading under full offloading and partial offloading instructions for interaction outcomes that are relatively low severity (e.g., sweating). Experiment 3 extends Experiment 2 by testing offloading behavior and benefit in low-severity, medium-severity (e.g., backache), and high-severity interaction outcomes (e.g., heart attack). Here, we aimed to elucidate the potential benefits afforded by partial offloading and to examine whether there appears to be a preference for choosing to offload (i) difficult-to-remember information across outcomes that vary in severity, as well as (ii) information from more severe interaction outcomes. Results suggest that partial offloading benefits performance compared to relying on internal memory alone, but full offloading is more beneficial to performance than partial offloading.