Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

Gary Gereffi

SANDU VLAD ANTONIUS , PĂSĂRIN LEONARDO DANIEL , COSTIN DAN EUGEN et al.

Sport has a universal magnetism, being present in all meridians of the world, at all times, and in all types of civilizations. Its attractiveness is manifested at the level of all demographic segments. Sport is a personalized product, acquiring specific individual traits - "playing styles" - and nationalized, gaining specific national traits - "Brazilian football", "English football", "Italian football", etc. In the present paper, we discuss the Universitatea Craiova sports club, a brief history of this club and its performances, then a brief presentation of the marketing mix carried out within it, and ending with a study on the proposed fans solutions to the club to manage to overcome the difficult periods.

BRINZA ALEXANDRINA, LAZARESCU IOANA, CRISTEA DRAGOȘ – SEBASTIAN et al.

During the period 2006-2023, Romania recorded considerable economic growth, but the distribution of the benefits of growth remains unequal. Starting with this problem encountered in society, we analyzed multiple bibliographic sources, performed descriptive analysis, and used an econometric linear regression model to identify the factors that influence income inequality. Following the analysis, we propose public policy directions to reduce social instability. The data set for the period 2006-2023 was selected from Eurostat. The OLS model estimates the Gini coefficient as a function of log (GDP per capita), life expectancy, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results show that log (GDP per capita) has a negative and significant effect on inequality (β ≈ −6.15; p < 0.01), life expectancy has a positive and significant effect (β ≈ +0.96; p < 0.05), and HDI is not significant in the estimated specification; R² ≈ 0.462. Following the analysis, we found that economic development reduces inequality when accompanied by transmission mechanisms towards median incomes, while health gains remain unequally distributed. Based on this evidence and the bibliometric map made with VOSviewer, we propose a series of strategies to reduce the vulnerabilities encountered among the population. The most important factor is the massive investment in education to develop new skills and continuous training. Another aspect is the strengthening of primary medicine and financial protection in health, since the decrease in life expectancy during the Covid-19 pandemic and the exhaustion of medical personnel have considerably influenced the economy and social instability. Recommendations.

DUDUIАLĂ РОРЕSCU LОRЕNА

In the context of economic and social transformations accelerated by technological advances, a Europe fit for the digital age is emerging as an essential pillar of sustainable development and competitiveness on the global stage. Digital integration is not limited to the adoption of advanced technologies, but also involves a profound adaptation of economic structures, public policies and organizational culture. In this regard, the European Union is committed to supporting innovation and facilitating access to technology for all Member States, thus promoting an inclusive digital economy.

Ronald Jjagwe, John Baptist Kirabira, Norbert Mukasa et al.

Abstract Research and innovation (R&I) institutions must commercialize their innovations to remain competitive in a knowledge-based economy. While R&I institutions in Uganda have the potential to drive socioeconomic development, a clear understanding of the commercialization pathway is lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the systemic, infrastructural, and financial factors that drive and hinder the commercialization of innovations at R&I institutions in Uganda. This study offers the first comprehensive examination of the systemic, infrastructural, and financial dimensions influencing innovation commercialization within Uganda's R&I ecosystem, presenting new empirical evidence on the prioritized barriers and drivers as perceived by key stakeholders. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study uniquely combines quantitative surveys with qualitative case studies and key informant interviews, enabling a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted drivers of and barriers to innovation commercialization in Uganda. The study employed the Delphi technique to identify consensus among key informants. The findings highlight the urgent barriers to address, including fragmented R&I ecosystems, inadequate support infrastructure, such as technology transfer offices, and significant gaps in innovation financing. These issues underscore the urgent need for targeted policy interventions. Based on our findings, we recommend the establishment of a national innovation fund, enhancement of public private partnerships for R&D infrastructure development, and formulation of a cohesive national policy framework to streamline commercialization processes at R&I institutions. This study provides policymakers with a data-driven foundation to craft targeted interventions aimed at removing the identified barriers, thereby catalyzing the commercialization of innovations in Uganda's R&I institutions.

Weifen Lin, Jun Sun, Bei Liu et al.

ABSTRACT The impact of bank branch expansion on macroeconomic and micro-firm behaviour has been one of the primary focuses in related research fields. However, research has thus far ignored the unintended impact of the increased availability of credit resources on firms’ pollution emissions. Therefore, based on firm-level data in China, we explore the impact of the availability of credit resources on firm pollution reduction. The empirical results of this study are as follows. (1) Increased availability of credit resources to firms can significantly reduce pollution emissions. This finding remains robust after a series of robustness tests. (2) The possible path to reduced emissions is through increasing capital investment in production and technological innovation, rather than increasing capital investment in governance. (3) The market access policy for small and medium-sized commercial bank branches further strengthens the effect of credit resource availability on pollution reduction. And the reduction effect is more significant for firms facing strong environmental regulations and weak economic target constraints. These findings provide a new perspective for enterprises to reduce emissions.

Mohammad Arzaghi, J. Henderson

Dan Xu, Wei Zhu, Youhao Wu et al.

Background The eight phenotypically distinguishable indigenous chicken breeds in Guizhou province of China are great resources for high-quality development of the poultry industry in China. However, their full value and potential have yet to be understood in depth. To illustrate the genetic diversity, the relationship and population structure, and the genetic variation patterns shaped by selection in Guizhou indigenous chickens, we performed a genome-wide analysis of 240 chickens from 8 phenotypically and geographically representative Guizhou chicken breeds and 60 chickens from 2 commercial chicken breeds (one broiler and one layer), together with 10 red jungle fowls (RJF) genomes available from previous studies. Results The results obtained in this present study showed that Guizhou chicken breed populations harbored higher genetic diversity as compared to commercial chicken breeds, however unequal polymorphisms were present within Guizhou indigenous chicken breeds. The results from the population structure analysis markedly reflected the breeding history and the geographical distribution of Guizhou indigenous chickens, whereas, some breeds with complex genetic structure were ungrouped into one cluster. In addition, we confirmed mutual introgression within Guizhou indigenous chicken breeds and from commercial chicken breeds. Furthermore, selective sweep analysis revealed candidate genes which were associated with specific and common phenotypic characteristics evolved rapidly after domestication of Guizhou local chicken breeds and economic traits such as egg production performance, growth performance, and body size. Conclusion Taken together, the results obtained from the comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity, genetic relationships and population structures in this study showed that Guizhou indigenous chicken breeds harbor great potential for commercial utilization, however effective conservation measures are currently needed. Additionally, the present study drew a genome-wide selection signature draft for eight Guizhou indigenous chicken breeds and two commercial breeds, as well as established a resource that can be exploited in chicken breeding programs to manipulate the genes associated with desired phenotypes. Therefore, this study will provide an essential genetic basis for further research, conservation, and breeding of Guizhou indigenous chickens.

Handuo Li, Justin Stoler

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the local economic geographies of many U.S. cities, and it remains unclear how long these changes will persist. This study analyzed the sociospatial dynamics of business closures in Miami-Dade County, Florida, from August 2020 to August 2021 with an explicit focus on reconciling the pandemic’s effects in the context of location theory. We found that traditional urban centers and transit-concentrated areas experienced disproportionately higher rates of business closures during the study period, suggesting a potential wave of commercial suburbanization in Miami. Middle-class and working-class Hispanic neighborhoods suffered the most business closures. The results of correlation analysis and spatial regression models suggested a positive association between the incidence of COVID-19 cases and business closures at both zip code and individual business levels. These results also beckon a revaluation of the role of certain urban externalities in traditional location theory. The importance of automobile accessibility and agglomeration effects are poised to persist beyond the pandemic, but the benefits of proximity to the public transport system might decline. The trends observed in Miami suggest that the pandemic could generate more automobile-reliant employment subcenters in U.S. cities and amplify problems of intraurban inequality and urban sprawl.

Alicia Majeau, Laura Murphy, Claudia P Herrera et al.

Chagas disease is an important vector-borne neglected tropical disease that causes great health and economic losses. The etiological agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a protozoan parasite endemic to the Americas, comprised by important diversity, which has been suggested to contribute to poor serological diagnostic performance. Current nomenclature describes seven discrete typing units (DTUs), or lineages. We performed the first large scale analysis of T. cruzi diversity among 52 previously published genomes from strains covering multiple countries and parasite DTUs and assessed how different markers summarize this genetic diversity. We also examined how seven antigens currently used in commercial serologic tests are conserved across this diversity of strains. DTU structuration was confirmed at the whole-genome level, with evidence of sub-DTU diversity, associated in part to geographic structuring. We observed very comparable phylogenetic tree topographies for most of the 32 markers investigated, with clear clustering of sequences by DTU, and a few of these markers suggested some degree of intra-lineage diversity. At least three of the currently used antigens represent poorly conserved sequences, with sequences used in tests quite divergent from sequences in many strains. Most markers are well suited for estimating parasite diversity to DTU level, and a few are particularly well-suited to assess intra-DTU diversity. Analysis of antigen sequences across all strains indicates that antigenic diversity is a likely explanation for limited diagnostic performance in Central and North America.

Pan Tang, Enhui Cui, Yihong Song et al.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is one of the most important enteropathogenic pathogens, and it causes enormous economic losses to the global commercial pork industry. PDCoV was initially reported in Hong Kong (China) in 2012 and subsequently emerged in swine herds with diarrhea in Ohio (USA) in 2014. Since then, it has spread to Canada, South Korea, mainland China, and several Southeast Asian countries. Information about the epidemiology, evolution, prevention, and control of PDCoV and its prevalence in China has not been comprehensively reported, especially in the last five years. This review is an update of current information on the general characteristics, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and evolutionary relationships, and the status of PDCoV vaccine development, focusing on the prevalence of PDCoV in China and vaccine research in particular. Together, this information will provide us with a greater understanding of PDCoV infection and will be helpful for establishing new strategies for controlling this virus worldwide.

Tai Gao, Qiang Xu, Yang Liu et al.

Sirex nitobei, an Asian native wood wasp species, is a major pest in coniferous commercial forestry, infesting and weakening conifers through its obligate mutualism with a wood-rotting fungus species. The combination of wood wasp larvae and obligate mutualistic fungus causes the breakdown of plant vascular tissue, leading to the weakening of the plant and eventually to death, as well as a high economic cost in commercial forestry. Since it was first recorded in China in the early 1980s, S. nitobei has widely spread and become successfully established. Despite its extensive distribution range, little is known about the factors influencing current and future distribution patterns for potential pest control and monitoring. We used a maximum entropy model in conjunction with climate variables and shared socio-economic pathways to predict the current and future distribution of S. nitobei in China. We used the jackknife method and correlation analysis to select the bioclimatic and environmental variables that influence the geographic distribution of S. nitobei, which resulted in the inclusion of the monthly total precipitation in July (prec7), the monthly average maximum temperature in February (tmax2), the monthly average minimum temperature in July (tmin7), the monthly total precipitation in December (prec12), and isothermality (bio3). We found that precipitation and temperature influenced the potentially suitable areas, as predicted by the maximum entropy model. Moreover, the association of the fungus, the wood wasp, and the host plant impacts are related to availability of moisture and temperature, where moisture affects the growth of the fungus, and temperature influences the emergence, development and growth of larvae. Under the current climate conditions, the total potential suitable areas increased by 18.74%, while highly suitable and moderately suitable areas increased by 28.35 and 44.05%, respectively, under the 2081–2100 ssp245, 370 scenarios. Favorable conditions under climate change, low rainfall, and high temperature will favor the speedy larval development, the growth of its obligate nutritional fungal mutualist and the ability of S. nitobei to rapidly spread in previously unsuitable areas.

J. K. Montez, M. Hayward, Anna Zajacova

Recent trends in U.S. health have been mixed, with improvements among some groups and geographic areas alongside declines among others. Medical sociologists have contributed to the understanding of those disparate trends, although important questions remain. In this article, we review trends since the 1980s in key indicators of U.S. health and weigh evidence from the last decade on their causes. To better understand contemporary trends in health, we propose that commonly used conceptual frameworks, such as social determinants of health, should be strengthened by prominently incorporating commercial, political-economic, and legal determinants. We illustrate how these structural determinants can provide new insights into health trends, using disparate health trajectories across U.S. states as an example. We conclude with suggestions for future research: focusing on structural causes of health trends and inequalities, expanding interdisciplinary perspectives, and integrating methods better equipped to handle the complexity of causal processes driving health trends and inequalities.

Alberto Ceccacci, Luca Mulazzani, Giulio Malorgio

In the last programming period of the European Maritime Fisheries Fund, Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) have been in charge of meeting the objectives of Union Priority 4, aimed at boosting territorial cohesion and employment in European coastal areas. These local partnerships have hence received support for the elaboration of local development strategies that should promote both territorial and sectorial projects, balancing the interests of the different stakeholders involved. This article provides for a literature review of the scientific contributions on FLAGs, organizing the main findings according to the six dimensions of the Porter’s Diamond Model in the context of the cluster analysis on coastal communities’ competitiveness. Moreover, by focusing on FLAGs from Italy, Spain and France, the paper discusses the orientation towards sectoral and territorial interests in the Mediterranean. It emerges that while the literature has mostly emphasized their territorial functions, FLAGs- especially those in areas with relatively higher incidence of employment in fisheries-related sectors- have prioritized projects of sectorial scope.

Vladimír Baláž, Tomáš Jeck, Miroslav Balog

Abstract This paper presents evidence on the identities, values and success goals of creative entrepreneurs in Slovakia. The research relies on a database of creative firms supported by the Slovak Creative Voucher Scheme. The survey-based research compares the success goals of creative entrepreneurs with those of people from conventional industries. The research design acknowledges substantial regional economic disparities in Slovakia. The success goals of creative entrepreneurs from the Bratislava region are compared with those of entrepreneurs from less developed regions. Non-parametric tests are applied in order to establish between-group differences. We found that creative entrepreneurs indeed had their own sets of business motives and success goals, different from those of entrepreneurs in conventional industries. The success goals of creative entrepreneurs were not impacted by the location of the business. Creative entrepreneurs located in the capital region of Bratislava had the same structure of success goals as that of people from underdeveloped regions.

Dalinee Sastararuji, Danupol Hoonsopon, Pongsakorn Pitchayadol et al.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the way small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) function. To maintain business efficiency and reduce operating costs in the context of the constraints imposed by the pandemic, SMEs have been forced to embrace new digital technologies. Cloud accounting is becoming an increasingly important business operating tool for SMEs. By adopting cloud-based accounting, SMEs can become more efficient, financially organized, and flexible. This study aims to investigate the factors that have a pervasive influence on cloud accounting adoption among SMEs in Thailand, following the pandemic's effects. This study integrates three technology adoption theories—the Technology–Organization–Environment framework, Diffusion of Innovation theory, and Institutional Theory—and studies them alongside SMEs' unique characteristics. The research employs a qualitative case study method and triangulated sources of evidence. The findings provide important implications for the research community, policymakers, cloud accounting vendors, and SME owners aiming to formulate better approaches to cloud accounting adoption after the pandemic. The results suggest that vendors should focus on SMEs' particular characteristics and needs. By contrast, SMEs should determine the organizational fit of the cloud accounting platform and integrate cloud accounting with other aspects of their operations.

G. Griffiths, A. Hossain, Vikas Sharma et al.

A number of technological challenges need to be overcome if algae are to be utilized for commercial fuel production. Current economic assessment is largely based on laboratory scale up or commercial systems geared to the production of high value products, since no industrial scale plant exits that are dedicated to algal biofuel. For macroalgae (‘seaweeds’), the most promising processes are anaerobic digestion for biomethane production and fermentation for bioethanol, the latter with levels exceeding those from sugar cane. Currently, both processes could be enhanced by increasing the rate of degradation of the complex polysaccharide cell walls to generate fermentable sugars using specifically tailored hydrolytic enzymes. For microalgal biofuel production, open raceway ponds are more cost-effective than photobioreactors, with CO2 and harvesting/dewatering costs estimated to be ~50% and up to 15% of total costs, respectively. These costs need to be reduced by an order of magnitude if algal biodiesel is to compete with petroleum. Improved economics could be achieved by using a low-cost water supply supplemented with high glucose and nutrients from food grade industrial wastewater and using more efficient flocculation methods and CO2 from power plants. Solar radiation of not <3000 h·yr−1 favours production sites 30° north or south of the equator and should use marginal land with flat topography near oceans. Possible geographical sites are discussed. In terms of biomass conversion, advances in wet technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, and transesterification for algal biodiesel are presented and how these can be integrated into a biorefinery are discussed.

M. Dahlberg, P. Edin, E. Gronqvist et al.

Sweden has adopted far less restrictive social distancing policies than most countries following the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses data on all mobile phone users, from one major Swedish mobile phone network, to examine the impact of the Coronavirus outbreak under the Swedish mild recommendations and restrictions regime on individual mobility and if changes in geographical mobility vary over different socio-economic strata. Having access to data for January-March in both 2019 and 2020 enables the estimation of causal effects of the COVID-19 outbreak by adopting a Difference-in-Differences research design. The paper reaches four main conclusions: (i) The daytime population in residential areas increased significantly (64 percent average increase); (ii) The daytime presence in industrial and commercial areas decreased significantly (33 percent average decrease); (iii) The distance individuals move from their homes during a day was substantially reduced (38 percent decrease in the maximum distance moved and 36 percent increase in share of individuals who move less than one kilometer from home); (iv) Similar reductions in mobility were found for residents in areas with different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. These results show that mild government policies can compel people to adopt social distancing behavior.

Sriyono, Sarwendah Biduri, Bayu Proyogi

Abstract Many previous studies have examined the effects of Covid-19 on small-medium enterprises but never discussed how to accelerate small-medium enterprise performance. This study aims to accelerate the recovery of small-medium enterprise performance affected by Covid-19. This research type is interpretive qualitative, data validity test using credibility and transferability test, data analysis technique using research data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The conclusions obtained in this study are financing coming from non-banks when the Covid-19 pandemic conditions are very beneficial for small-medium enterprises, and small-medium enterprises are still able to compete globally.

M. Grieneisen, B. Aegerter, C. Scott Stoddard et al.