Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Yi He, Binghai Gao, Haowen Yan et al.

Current machine learning methods for land subsidence susceptibility mapping (LSSM) predominantly focus on the spatial features of land subsidence conditioning factors (LSCFs), overlooking the sequence relationships that merger after the superposition of these factors. This often leads to unreliable LSSM results. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel double-branch parallel fusion neural network, termed DBPFNet, which integrates multi-factor sequence and spatial features to improve LSSM accuracy. The Beijing Plain is selected as the study area. InSAR-derived land subsidence data are used as positive samples, and 12 LSCFs are chosen for analysis. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to learn multi-factor spatial features, while long short-term memory (LSTM) is used to learn multi-factor sequence features. The spatial and sequence features are fuzed by two full connections to generate the LSSM. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DBPFNet model significantly outperforms CNN, LSTM and transformer models in terms of performance, yielding highly accurate LSSM result. The high susceptibility areas are predominantly located in the central region of Beijing Plain. Key factors influencing land subsidence in the study area include groundwater, altitude, build density, precipitation and river density.

Boqi Yuan, Qinjun Wang, Wentao Xu et al.

Traditional extreme learning machine (ELM) model suffers from instability due to random initialization of input weights and hidden-layer bias, often resulting in suboptimal predictive performance. To address this limitation, the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), a bio-inspired optimization strategy, was integrated to refine the initialization of ELM parameters for mapping prospectivity of copper deposits. Based on 15 known ore deposits in the northern part of the Altyn Tagh, China, multi-source remote sensing data, including ASTER, Landsat-8 OLI, and ZY-1 02E imagery as well as geological data were integrated within a geographic information system (GIS) framework. The confusion matrix, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the success-rate curve were employed to evaluate the model’s performance against traditional ELM and multi-layer perceptron. Experimental results demonstrated that the SMA-ELM model exhibited superior overall performance compared to the other two models. Based on the Youden index, high-potential metallogenic zones were delineated which were consistent with known deposits and geological structures. These findings validate SMA-ELM as an effective and promising tool for mineral prospectivity mapping in geologically complex terrains.

Paul Tomilola Elufisan

This study examined the spatial distribution of the gold mining site in Iperindo; assessed the spatial pattern of the land condition in the study area; and analyzed the effects of Segilola Gold Mining Site on Landuse and Landcover in the study area. The spatial distribution of the mining site was determined using a differential GPS receiver. The spatio-temporal assessment of the mining sites was done using Landsat imageries spanning six years (2019 - 2024). Digital Image Processing (DIP) was done using a supervised classification method. The spatial extent of gold mining sites in Iperindo was determined through the digitization of the boundary of the mining sites on the classified images of the study years. Spatio-temporal landuse and landcover maps were also assessed from the classified images derived from DIP. The effects of gold mining sites on landuse and landcover in Iperindo was carried out by overlaying and comparing the landuse and landcover of the mining areas before the year of commencement of operation (year 2019) and the years of operation (years 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024). The results showed that Segilola gold mining site has been increasing in spatial extent from the year 2020 (year of commencement of operation) to the year 2024. The spatial pattern of the land condition in the study area revealed that the landuse and landcover dynamics of the study area within the period under review has greatly been altered, while bare land and the built-up area has increased. This study concluded that Segilola Gold Mining site has been able to alter the landuse and landcover within its location, as landuse and landcover types such as rock outcrop, shrub, forest and a little portion of built-up area had been transformed into bare land. It was therefore recommended that a post-impact assessment should be carried out on the Segilola gold mining site due to its expansion and alteration of landuse and landcover in Iperindo as identified in this study, to mitigate the adverse effects of gold mining.

João Pedro Pereira Caetano de Lima, Raul Borges Guimarães

This article presents a methodological guide for analyzing COVID-19 at the intra-urban scale in non-metropolitan areas of south-central Brazil. To this end, it briefly discusses the COVID-19 pandemic and pertinent questions for making COVID-19 maps in different urban realities. It then presents different mapping techniques and how they can be implemented, especially in medium-sized cities. Point implementation, including proportional symbols and distribution in points; II. Zonal implementation with choropleth maps with some examples of epidemiological rates and bivariate choropleth maps; III. Surface implementation with maps using the Kernel Estimator; IV - spatial statistics maps and, finally, combination and synthesis maps, seeking to aggregate various pieces of information into a synthetic cartographic product. It is important to make it clear that the techniques and modes of deployment are subject to an assessment of the potential and weaknesses of the techniques given the type of data available. We therefore hope that this article will be useful for beginners in the fields of cartography and geography and for those who wish to improve their knowledge.

Busko Małgorzata, Balawejder Monika, Kovalyshyn Oleksandra et al.

Since the early days, cadastral data represent the geographic extent of the past, current, and future rights and interests in real property. Thus, these data are extremely important for the proper development of statehood and society. The article analyses the process of formation of the real estate cadastre in two countries – Poland and Ukraine – from the time of its establishment to the present. Both countries were in the past (and Ukraine still is) victims of various historical events that deprived them of statehood, stability and opportunities for development; therefore, it affected the development of the cadastre and its accessibility to all stakeholders. The authors attempt to answer the question of if and how geographic location and historical conditions can affect the quality and availability of open cadastral data (OCD). After all, our perception of reality is a direct result of processes originating in history. This paper contains comparisons between a post-Soviet (Ukraine) and a post-communist country (Poland) and their path from early cadastral maps to OCD.

Baijayanti Chatterjee

This essay attempts to analyse the impact of the colonial transition (i.e. the mid-eighteenth century political transformation from Mughal to East India Company administration) on cartographic traditions existing in India. Specifically, the essay focuses on French and the early British mapping of Bengal as a result of colonisation and imperial expansion in the mid-eighteenth century. Rather than viewing colonial map-making as a “unidirectional exercise” of authority, this essay focuses on the dynamic interaction and negotiation between indigenous and colonial cartography. It analyses the efforts of Major James Rennell and the Surveyors of the East India Company to establish their political authority in Bengal using surveys and mapping as tools for imperial expansion. The trials and tribulations of these early surveyors form the subject matter of this essay.

Alun Sagara Putra, Trias Aditya

Keberadaan MRT dan LRT Jakarta bertujuan untuk melakukan perubahan pada pola penggunaan transportasi, dari transportasi pribadi menjadi transportasi umum. Berdasarkan data Menteri Perhubungan, hanya 32% warga Jakarta yang sehari-harinya menggunakan transportasi umum. Untuk meningkatkan minat pengguna transportasi umum, maka dibutuhkan informasi yang lengkap mengenai berbagai pilihan akses transportasi. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu untuk menampilkan informasi peta jaringan MRT/LRT Jakarta dan peta interaktif story map hasil analisis Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) dan service area pada tiap stasiun sebagai penunjang perencanaan guna mencapai transportasi yang berkelanjutan. Peta jaringan MRT/LRT Jakarta dibuat dengan melakukan proses skematisasi, yaitu mengubah peta konvensional menjadi peta skematik yang umumnya digambar lurus dengan sudut tertentu dan banyak digunakan dalam sistem transportasi kota. Peta interaktif story map dibuat melalui platform ESRI Story Map. Visualisasi analisis indeks TOD pada stasiun MRT Jakarta menggunakan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan oleh Siburian (2020), sedangkan visualisasi analisis indeks TOD pada stasiun LRT Jakarta merupakan hasil perhitungan yang diolah oleh penulis. Nilai indeks TOD dihitung berdasarkan metode Singh (2015) dengan 8 parameter. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa dua stasiun memiliki indeks level tinggi, tiga stasiun dengan level sedang, dan satu stasiun tergolong memiliki level TOD rendah. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan sebuah website yang tersusun atas dua halaman yaitu halaman beranda dan halaman peta. Halaman beranda berisi informasi umum seperti sejarah, tarif, dan waktu perjalanan kereta. Sedangkan halaman peta merupakan halaman inti dari website yang disajikan dalam bentuk peta statik skematik dan peta interaktif story map. Data spasial terkait titik-titik penting, rute perjalanan, kependudukan, serta penggunaan lahan divisualisasikan pada peta sebagai fitur spasial. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dari pengguna, website yang dihasilkan mampu menyajikan informasi dengan tepat, baik, dan mudah untuk operasikan.

Françoise Lucchini, Olivier Gillet, Bernard Elissalde et al.

With the digital turn, data from connected devices are a new resource for understanding urban rhythms and mobility. Using the geolocated messages (1, 540, 000 tweets) of Twitter social network users recorded in 2015, this article uses dynamic graphs to visualize Parisian mobilities. Using a clustering algorithm, we show how to move from a geolocated message to an individual displacement and on to collective trajectories. These trajectories illustrate the preferential mobility of users of the social network in Paris, as well as the areas of concentration and poles of interest.

Marco Lisi

Come ben noto, COSMOSkymed è una costellazione di satelliti per uso “duale” (cioè civile e militare), finanziata dal Ministero della Difesa italiano e dall’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), in grado di ottenere immagini della superficie terrestre ad alta risoluzione spaziale e radiometrica ed in tutte le condizioni metereologiche, attraverso l’uso di un radar ad apertura sintetica (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR). Sin dalla prima generazione, il consorzio industriale responsabile per lo sviluppo del sistema COSMO-Skymed include Thales Alenia Space Italia, primo contrattore, e Telespazio, responsabile del segmento terreno e delle operazioni.

Qunying Huang, Jing Li, Zhenlong Li

Cloud computing has been considered as the next-generation computing platform with the potential to address the data and computing challenges in geosciences. However, only a limited number of geoscientists have been adapting this platform for their scientific research mainly due to two barriers: 1) selecting an appropriate cloud platform for a specific application could be challenging, as various cloud services are available and 2) existing general cloud platforms are not designed to support geoscience applications, algorithms and models. To tackle such barriers, this research aims to design a hybrid cloud computing (HCC) platform that can utilize and integrate the computing resources across different organizations to build a unified geospatial cloud computing platform. This platform can manage different types of underlying cloud infrastructure (e.g., private or public clouds), and enables geoscientists to test and leverage the cloud capabilities through a web interface. Additionally, the platform also provides different geospatial cloud services, such as workflow as a service, on the top of common cloud services (e.g., infrastructure as a service) provided by general cloud platforms. Therefore, geoscientists can easily create a model workflow by recruiting the needed models for a geospatial application or task on the fly. A HCC prototype is developed and dust storm simulation is used to demonstrate the capability and feasibility of such platform in facilitating geosciences by leveraging across-organization computing and model resources.

KUSTOVSKA О., NOVAK N.

The article analyzes the development of corporate structures in agricultural production, proves the influence of corporate formations on the efficiency of agrarian production. On the basis of the analysis of official information of agro holdings, an assessment was made of the efficiency of their activities and a conclusion was made about the optimal size of their structural subdivisions. The advantages and disadvantages of integrated structures are highlighted, peculiarities of formation of their land relations are determined. Issues of expansion of land masses of agro holdings related to the conclusion of land lease agreements are considered. The association of separate agro-industrial enterprises of various industrial-economic orientation form an independent legal entity - a legal entity. The economic feasibility of the creation and functioning of corporate associations is objective based on obtaining the greatest effect, the essence of which is that the result of the joint corporate activities of economic structures will always be higher compared to the results of the individual work of each of them. Corporate forms of management in agriculture were founded in Ukraine on the basis of the general theoretical model of an open, competitive, multi-faceted agricultural market economy type, aimed at an integrated world economic system. The methodology of construction involves taking into account the world economic trends and the national specificity of the country's agricultural development; it is aimed at finding rational forms of organization of agricultural production, mechanisms for overcoming crisis phenomena, stabilizing the economy and creating conditions for further qualitative and quantitative growth of the agrarian sector of the economy. For many years, leading American co-operators have been distributing concepts and concepts that are perceived and used throughout the world. This work is coordinated by the Organization for International Cooperative Development in Agriculture, and thanks to its efforts, many countries in the world have implemented projects for the development and strengthening of cooperative organizations owned by agricultural producers. The experience of cooperative and corporatization in the US agriculture can be useful for restructuring the agriculture of countries undergoing a stage of market transformation, and Ukraine has the necessary conditions for developing, along with production agricultural cooperatives, corporate and partner forms of management. The essence of corporate structures in agriculture consists in the grouping of owners of land and property, funds of agricultural enterprises in a certain form of organization. The highest form of corporate education is considered to be those in which not individuals are integrated, but enterprises of different profile who work for the final consumer product. The consolidation of the land masses of agricultural holdings is largely due to the advantages of integrated structures: firstly, significant savings on the scale of acquisition of means of production: second, not new conditions of collateral - agricultural products are a pledge for non-agricultural activities of holdings. In order to improve the procedure for forming the land masses of integrated structures, it is necessary to: improve the system of state land resources management, continue to formulate the necessary legislative and normative base on issues of agrarian land use and functioning of the agricultural land market; to form an effective mechanism for the functioning of a fully-fledged, state-regulated market of agricultural land: to improve the economic mechanism of regulation of land relations.

Marina Bertollini

L'osservazione della Terra per la salvaguardia ambientale

S. C. Azevedo, E. A. Silva, M. M. Pedrosa

While high-resolution remote sensing images have increased application possibilities for urban studies, the large number of shadow areas has created challenges to processing and extracting information from these images. Furthermore, shadows can reduce or omit information from the surface as well as degrading the visual quality of images. The pixels of shadows tend to have lower radiance response within the spectrum and are often confused with low reflectance targets. In this work, a shadow detection method was proposed using a morphological operator for dark pattern identification combined with spectral indices. The aims are to avoid misclassification in shadow identification through properties provided by them on color models and, therefore, to improve shadow detection accuracy. Experimental results were tested applying the panchromatic and multispectral band of WorldView-2 image from São Paulo city in Brazil, which is a complex urban environment composed by high objects like tall buildings causing large shadow areas. Black top-hat with area injunction was applied in PAN image and shadow identification performance has improved with index as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Saturation-Value Difference Index (NSDVI) ratio from HSV color space obtained from pansharpened multispectral WV-2 image. An increase in distinction between shadows and others objects was observed, which was tested for the completeness, correctness and quality measures computed, using a created manual shadow mask as reference. Therefore, this method can contribute to overcoming difficulties faced by other techniques that need shadow detection as a first necessary preprocessing step, like object recognition, image matching, 3D reconstruction, etc.

Elisabetta Panina, Domenico Sguerso

The course concern a post graduate diploma for Surveyors wanted by the Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), the Ligurian Region, the Provincial College Surveyors of Genoa and the Naval Academy of Genoa, in order to train professionals' figure able to manage in a qualified way the main activities related to the management of coastal areas both marine, river and lake, to the protection and safeguarding of coasts, ports and artifacts and, again, in order to create maintenance operations and realization that take account of the adjustments and functional evolution of maritime transport.

Francesco Casadei, Aldopaolo Palareti

<p>In this paper, we discuss some aspects of the relationship between computer science and historical disciplines, with reference to teaching, dissemination and research on specific topics of urban history, highlighting the support provided by computing resources to study, analysis and presentation of themes of urban landscape history. We consider two case studies: some urban changes in Bologna from 1861 to the reconstruction after World War II, and the role of the tourism in urban history of Rimini from half of 19th century to the present day. This study is part of a larger research and educational project on urban history, with various levels of thematic and technical complexity.</p>

Massimo Cristaldi, Uberto Delprato

ODIN: Da un progetto europeo ad applicazioni reali

Mauro Salvemini

Contribution of an SDI to the decisions of the Climate Change Conference EUROGI suggested to Mr. Barroso President of EC that as part of the European Union's contribution to the negotiation process that a commitment to establish a GSDI be included into the Copenhagen agreement on the Climate Changes. EUROGI also suggests that the Union representatives put forward INSPIRE as a good/best practice example of how a multi-national SDI may be created. All types of information relevant to climate change (weather patterns, population movements, energy production and usage, carbon emissions, financial flows linked to compensation mechanisms, flooding etc) would be virtually meaningless, or at least very substantially less useful, without a geographic location component.

A. Clausen

Labour market issues give insight into the myriad ways in which people and politics respond to social and spatial tensions marking current transformations alongside globalisation. This paper explores the relations between the globalising Philippine labour market, spatially disparate development and the course of national economic policies. <br><br> Philippine State policies almost exclusively promote global-oriented Service and industry sectors and their predominantly urban locations.The agricultural sector, and thus most of the rural regions and inhabitants, is neglected by these policies. Many rural regions find themselves being pushed into the economic periphery. Their inhabitants appear caught in a spiral of increasing poverty, leading to heightened exodus as persons seek employment and better perspectives in urban centres. Persistent inequality of power relations, landownership, socio-political conflicts and slow decentral isation further exacerbate the Situation in the peripheries. At the same time, the urban centres struggle to absorb the migrants in the face of economic volatility through globalisation. Unemployment is high and the informal sector large. A strategy of the State government has been to export workforce surplus to global labour markets. In the long run, however, the Philippines, and particularly its peripheries, could loose their most productive human capital, and consequently, their basis for any endogenously driven development. Thus, it appears necessary for the government to provide their Citizens with a sustainable, socially and spatially more balanced inner labour market if it wishes to herald in a developmental turnabout.

G. Furrer, J. Suter

No abstract available.