Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

M. Callaghan, N. Ford, H. Schneider

BackgroundShortages of human resources for health (HRH) have severely hampered the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Current rollout models are hospital- and physician-intensive. Task shifting, or delegating tasks performed by physicians to staff with lower-level qualifications, is considered a means of expanding rollout in resource-poor or HRH-limited settings.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review. Medline, the Cochrane library, the Social Science Citation Index, and the South African National Health Research Database were searched with the following terms: task shift*, balance of care, non-physician clinicians, substitute health care worker, community care givers, primary healthcare teams, cadres, and nurs* HIV. We mined bibliographies and corresponded with authors for further results. Grey literature was searched online, and conference proceedings searched for abstracts.ResultsWe found 2960 articles, of which 84 were included in the core review. 51 reported outcomes, including research from 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common intervention studied was the delegation of tasks (especially initiating and monitoring HAART) from doctors to nurses and other non-physician clinicians. Five studies showed increased access to HAART through expanded clinical capacity; two concluded task shifting is cost effective; 9 showed staff equal or better quality of care; studies on non-physician clinician agreement with physician decisions was mixed, with the majority showing good agreement.ConclusionsTask shifting is an effective strategy for addressing shortages of HRH in HIV treatment and care. Task shifting offers high-quality, cost-effective care to more patients than a physician-centered model. The main challenges to implementation include adequate and sustainable training, support and pay for staff in new roles, the integration of new members into healthcare teams, and the compliance of regulatory bodies. Task shifting should be considered for careful implementation where HRH shortages threaten rollout programmes.

Sabina Fras Popović, Polona Vilar, Petra Javrh

The paper describes the methodology of a study of reading habits and reading culture of librarians and library management in Slovenian libraries, which is a part of a broader survey in the project Reading role models: reading habits of professional staff in kindergartens, schools and faculties and public libraries – i.e. a study of all professionals involved in and influencing reading literacy and reading culture, as well as of students for these professions. The survey uses mixed methodology: a survey and a focus group. As this research is still ongoing, this paper primarily describes the methodology of the first part, survey (instruments, sampling), some of the challenges, especially related to the non-existent data on the population of Slovenian librarians and library management, and basic findings. The focus group method is still under development and therefore only its basic starting points are given.

Steinþór Steingrímsson, Bjarki Ármannsson

We compare the performance of state-of-the-art Large Language Models on a recently released benchmarking set for automated question answering for Icelandic and compare it with performance on questions from an Icelandic trivia game. We find that the models perform worse for questions on Icelandic subjects, specifically Icelandic culture, but somewhat surprisingly do better on a trivia game for people than on the benchmark set meant for language models, built around data that the model has seen during training. We also call into question some aspects of the benchmarking set and discuss what  playing trivia games can tell us - if anything - about the capabilities of these models.

Johnson Mulongo Masinde, Frankline Mugambi, Daniel Muthee Wambiri

Objective – The aim of this study is to examine the conceptualization and pedagogical approaches being used in Kenyan universities to teach and learn information literacy to determine if they are effective in addressing the information needs of the 21st century. The findings of this study will act as a guide to educational stakeholders in the design, review, and implementation of the information literacy curriculum. The findings will also create awareness among librarians of the diverse concepts in information literacy and hopefully inform their practice when delivering information literacy instruction. Additionally, future researchers can leverage the insights garnered from this study to advance their own works, thereby contributing to the ongoing growth of knowledge in this field. Methods – This study employed descriptive research design to collect qualitative data from the webpages of seven universities that were purposively selected: three being private universities and four were public universities. The seven academic libraries had an active online presence and adequate documentation of information literacy. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results – The research findings show a lack of consistency in the conceptualization of information literacy. In addition, the findings demonstrate a link between information literacy conceptualization and practice. Many of the online tutorials and information literacy documentations failed to address all the aspects of information literacy. Conclusion – In order to effectively address 21st century information needs, academic libraries should reevaluate their conceptualization of information literacy. This should be followed by a comprehensive evaluation of their information literacy instruction to ensure they cover all aspects of information literacy. It is essential for these libraries to provide information literacy instruction to students throughout their academic journey rather than just focusing on first-year students. Moreover, structured assessments of students should be implemented to gain feedback on the effectiveness of these instruction programs.

Mahboobeh Delpasand, Somayeh Sadat Akhshik, Siamak Mahboub

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of readiness of librarians in Iranian public libraries to provide readers’ advisory services. Method: This study was conducted using a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population included all librarians working in public libraries under the supervision of the Public Libraries Institution of the country, and a sample of 365 people was selected by convenience sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 80 questions that measured readers' consulting competencies in three dimensions: personal characteristics, knowledge, and skills. The data were analyzed using a five-point Likert scale in SPSS. Results: Librarians are at an average level of overall readiness to provide consulting services. In the personal characteristics dimension, librarians were at the above-average level in the components of critical thinking, professional commitment, creative thinking, self-awareness, and non-judgment. In the knowledge dimension, the cultural, legal, evaluation, and development components were at the above-average level, but the process knowledge component was below-average. In the skill dimension, all components were evaluated to be at the above-average level. Conclusion: Based on the results, librarians need to improve their process knowledge and also more develop their skills to provide more effective consulting services.

Sevda Khalafova, Nadir Ismayilov

Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller's own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. The economy of Azerbaijan has gone through different stages of rapid growth, stability, and crisis. In general, the economy of Azerbaijan, besides field-wise classification, can be divided into three categories: 1. recession period, covering 1992–1995, right after Azerbaijan restored its independence after the USSR collapsed, 2. recovery, from 1996 to 1997, mainly because of increased oil sales, potential oil contracts, partners, and pipelines, 3. boom, from 1998 till 2008, and finally, an economic fall, starting from 2009. After Azerbaijan became independent following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the country started to pursue its sovereign economic policy. For a newly independent country with an economy mainly based on the oil and gas industry, it was quite demanding to keep its say in the world of economy giants. The key objectives of the new and independent economic policy were the establishment of the economic system built on the principles of several types of property, including private property, unlike the Soviet times, integration into the global economy and transition to the market economy. The study of document flow is the most important condition for evaluating the current situation, trends and development prospects in a certain field. The scientific information obtained with the help of the conducted research is successfully applied in various evaluation processes, which in turn allows to accurately determine the development of a certain scientific direction. Among the types of activities carried out in the direction of building an information society in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the organization and management of library - bibliography and information work, the use of modern technologies along with traditional work methods in providing information to readers has become a priority direction of our state's policy in the field of library work. The main goal of t he article is to conduct a comprehensive study of the document flow in the field of tourism and economy and to sup port the information provision of specialists working in this field in the future. One of the priority directions for modern librarian ship and bibliography is the study of information resources in the field of tourism and economy, the determination of the location of these information resources, the study of the current state of the flow of documents in this field, the bibliometric analy sis of fundamental scientific works created in the field of tourism and economy, library- based on the analysis of the current state of information systems, it consists in determining the directions for improving the information provision of different groups of the population. Research methods: special library science, historical, structural-functional analysis, systematic approach, generalization, sociological, statistical analysis and comparative analysis methods were used in the research process. The main conclusion of the article is to achieve the development of information demand and document flow in the field of tourism and economy as a result of the elimination of existing problems in this field. Mentioning certain proposals referring to the works of local and foreign authors is one of the points that attract the main attention in the article.

Frank Nielsen, Alexander Soen

A Bregman manifold is a synonym for a dually flat space in information geometry which admits as a canonical divergence a Bregman divergence. Bregman manifolds are induced by smooth strictly convex functions like the cumulant or partition functions of regular exponential families, the negative entropy of mixture families, or the characteristic functions of regular cones just to list a few such convex Bregman generators. We describe the design of pyBregMan, a library which implements generic operations on Bregman manifolds and instantiate several common Bregman manifolds used in information sciences. At the core of the library is the notion of Legendre-Fenchel duality inducing a canonical pair of dual potential functions and dual Bregman divergences. The library also implements the Fisher-Rao manifolds of categorical/multinomial distributions and multivariate normal distributions. To demonstrate the use of the pyBregMan kernel manipulating those Bregman and Fisher-Rao manifolds, the library also provides several core algorithms for various applications in statistics, machine learning, information fusion, and so on.

Jan Østergaard

We present a new notion $R_\ell$ of higher-order common information, which quantifies the information that $\ell\geq 2$ arbitrarily distributed random variables have in common. We provide analytical lower bounds on $R_3$ and $R_4$ for jointly Gaussian distributed sources and provide computable lower bounds for $R_\ell$ for any $\ell$ and any sources. We also provide a practical method to estimate the lower bounds on, e.g., real-world time-series data. As an example, we consider EEG data acquired in a setup with competing acoustic stimuli. We demonstrate that $R_3$ has descriptive properties that is not in $R_2$. Moreover, we observe a linear relationship between the amount of common information $R_3$ communicated from the acoustic stimuli and to the brain and the corresponding cortical activity in terms of neural tracking of the envelopes of the stimuli.

G. Gutsol

The article deals with applied scientific research carried out by the Ivan Fedorov State Scientific Institution "Book Chamber of Ukraine" in 2022. A review of the list and content of works performed in accordance with the Calendar Plan was carried out. In particular, the objects of the research under topic 1 "Development and comprehensive analysis of administrative data on the issue of publications of Ukraine in 2021—2022 and the formation of electronic reference and information resources" became mandatory copies of publications, Ukrainian and foreign mass media, information databases , International standard numbers (ISBN, ISMN, ISSN), national reference tables of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), and the goal is to provide the industry and society with administrative data on the release of publishing products, which characterize the phenomena and processes that take place in the publishing sphere, electronic information resources on issues of publishing and library affairs; promoting the effective use by publishers of normative documents and informational materials to increase the general level of the culture of publishing products. The objects of research on topic 2 "Development of databases of the current state bibliography of Ukraine in 2021—2022 and the retrospective fund of the 1920s, 1950s, 1960s." copies of the editions of Ukraine 2021—2022, 1927, 1955, 1961, 1964—1991, the database of the state bibliography for 2021 have become mandatory, and the purpose of the work is to provide society with complete, systematized bibliographic information on all branches of science editions of 2021—2022, published in Ukraine, with analytical information about the thematic focus of book publishing and publications in scientific periodicals; introduction into scientific circulation of information about certain types of publications of the retrospective fund of the State Printing Archive for a certain period. Ways and means of implementation of the results of scientific works and areas of their use are given.

Shintaro Minagawa, M. Hamed Mohammady, Kenta Sakai et al.

Adiabatic measurements, followed by feedback and erasure protocols, have often been considered as a model to embody Maxwell's Demon paradox and to study the interplay between thermodynamics and information processing. Such studies have led to the conclusion, now widely accepted in the community, that Maxwell's Demon and the second law of thermodynamics can peacefully coexist because any gain provided by the demon must be offset by the cost of performing the measurement and resetting the demon's memory to its initial state. Statements of this kind are collectively referred to as second laws of information thermodynamics and have recently been extended to include quantum theoretical scenarios. However, previous studies in this direction have made several assumptions, particularly about the feedback process and the demon's memory readout, and thus arrived at statements that are not universally applicable and whose range of validity is not clear. In this work, we fill this gap by precisely characterizing the full range of quantum feedback control and erasure protocols that are overall consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. This leads us to conclude that the second law of information thermodynamics is indeed universal: it must hold for any quantum feedback control and erasure protocol, regardless of the measurement process involved, as long as the protocol is overall compatible with thermodynamics. Our comprehensive analysis not only encompasses new scenarios but also retrieves previous ones, doing so with fewer assumptions. This simplification contributes to a clearer understanding of the theory.

Murtaza Ashiq, N. Warraich

Data librarianship is becoming more common as a means of developing and integrating data-driven library services. Consequently, the academic and research libraries’ traditional role in providing information support and training has been expanded to include support in all aspects of the research lifecycle. Hence, this study systematically reviews the data librarianship literature focusing on current data librarianship services, challenges, skills, and motivational factors. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy was formulated to extract maximum relevant results. The bibliographic data were retrieved from the Scopus, Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA), and Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). Finally, 27 studies that fulfill the criteria were included in this study. The findings revealed that two main factors that contribute to the success or failure in this emerging data librarianship roles are skills, knowledge, and expertise; and limited support and advocacy from library leadership and higher authorities. One is on the part of library professionals who can develop the required skills, knowledge, and expertise and the other is on the part of library leadership. The library professionals are hesitant to embrace this new role due to non-additional benefits, no relevant job description, and lacking leadership support. Overall, the findings revealed that the data librarianship scope is dynamic and has been expanded, albeit the progress is slow. The theoretical, practical, policy, and social implications described that the data librarianship services tend to be improved, and the relevant skills, knowledge, and expertise should be developed. The policy initiatives need to be taken, improved, and expanded to advance technical services related to data librarianship.

Malihe Dalili Saleh, M. Salami, Faramarz Soheili et al.

PurposeThis study aimed to present a model for the use of augmented reality (AR) in the libraries of universities of medical sciences. The goal was to introduce the applications, advantages, opportunities and challenges of AR.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach, had an applied goal and was based on data theory. The statistical population comprised 20 experts in the field of AR, and the data were collected based on in-depth semi-structured interviews until achieving theoretical saturation. A model was proposed after open coding and the formation of the main categories, and the use of AR in the development of libraries of medical universities was discussed.FindingsThe category of application consisted of strengthening education, promoting users' information literacy, finding resources, user guidance, gamification, educational justice, helping management, enriching resources, providing new services and economic savings. The advantages were library services, sociocultural excellence, educational level, software potential and helping the librarian. The challenges were technical, economic and cultural barriers. Libraries can attract many users by enacting effective policies, using technology and enriching the content of resources. AR can greatly assist library management and improve the librarians' and users' professional activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study was that some experts could not participate in the interviews.Originality/valueThe results of this study are beneficial for managers, librarians, students and researchers. The use of AR in libraries is essential for achieving fourth-generation libraries. AR will be a necessity for the libraries of medical universities.

S. Chakraborty, S. Jana

The paper discusses the impact of the current pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the academic libraries in India. It identifies four areas concerned with an academic library namely, space, collection development, service, and the overall management to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by them in view of the COVID-19. It shows how COVID-19 posed several challenges to run the academic libraries in India in comparison to pre-COVID-19 period regarding these areas. It also presents the opportunities to the libraries. It suggests that that if the libraries use these opportunities, it may prove to be beneficial to it in the long run. © 2021, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. All rights reserved.

Angela Spencer, J. Eldredge

Objective What roles do librarians and information professionals play in conducting systematic reviews? Librarians are increasingly called upon to be involved in systematic reviews, but no study has considered all the roles librarians can perform. This inventory of existing and emerging roles aids in defining librarians’ systematic reviews services. Methods For this scoping review, the authors conducted controlled vocabulary and text-word searches in the PubMed; Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts; and CINAHL databases. We separately searched for articles published in the Journal of the European Association for Health Information and Libraries, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, the Journal of the Canadian Heath Libraries Association, and Hypothesis. We also text-word searched Medical Library Association annual meeting poster and paper abstracts. Results We identified 18 different roles filled by librarians and other information professionals in conducting systematic reviews from 310 different articles, book chapters, and presented papers and posters. Some roles were well known such as searching, source selection, and teaching. Other less documented roles included planning, question formulation, and peer review. We summarize these different roles and provide an accompanying bibliography of references for in-depth descriptions of these roles. Conclusion Librarians play central roles in systematic review teams, including roles that go beyond searching. This scoping review should encourage librarians who are fulfilling roles that are not captured here to document their roles in journal articles and poster and paper presentations.

Teodora Genova

The COVID-19 pandemic period has brought into light different forms of learning and training particularly leading to the use of digital tools and technology. Given the fact that people used to spend their time working and studying mainly at home and predominantly in isolation, they had more time for solitary activities such as reading, which also has proven to have a soothing and therapeutic effect on the reader. In this respect, there has been an upsurge in the popularity of audiobooks since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. This fact can serve as a favorable opportunity audiobooks to enter the classroom and become an alternative to traditional forms of listening tasks when teaching a foreign language. This current trend in education corresponds fully to the aims and working outputs of the project entitled “Study of Attitudes to the Therapeutic Potential of Reading in Atypical Situations for the Individual” financed by the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria with Contract № КП-06-Н45/2 from 30.11.2020, which has been implemented at the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria. The purpose of this report is to examine the potential of how audiobooks can be used as a form of teaching general English to university students as their first foreign language in university context. The web page https://esl-bits.net/ index.htm has been used to select the appropriate materials for listening. In addition, a practical example of doing exercises where audiobooks are used is given following the three stages of devising a listening task: pre-listening, whilelistening, and post-listening. To support this, methodology guidance has been followed by the “Shaping the Way We Teach English” webinar series by the American English team (https://americanenglish.state.gov/). As a result of this practical example, the author of the report aims to find out whether there is any effect on their reading and listening skills, which are the most prevailing skills that can be affected after doing the exercises using audiobooks in the short term during the spring/summer semester, academic year 2021/2022.

Samaa Elnagar, Manoj Thomas

Cognitive computing (COC) aims to embed human cognition into computerized models. However, there is no scientific classification that delineates the nature of Cognitive Computing. Unlike the medical and computer science fields, Information Systems (IS) has conducted very little research on COC. Although the potential to make important research contributions in this area is great, we argue that the lack of a cohesive interpretation of what constitutes COC has led to inferior COC research in IS. Therefore, we need first to clearly identify COC as a phenomenon to be able to identify and guide prospective research areas in IS. In this research, a phenomenological approach is adopted using thematic analysis to the published literature in COC research. Then, we discuss how IS may contribute to the development of design science artifacts under the COC umbrella. In addition, the paper raises important questions for future research by highlighting how IS researchers could make meaningful contributions to this emerging topic.

A. Subaveerapandiyan, Dharmavarapu Sindhu

In any kind of educational institute and organization, libraries are playing a crucial role. For the development of library services, skillful library professionals are indispensable. Without knowledge management skills, no one can provide essential services to the users. Library is a growing organism by S.R. Ranganathan 1931, based on his law, as library professionals have to adopt futuristic skills for better user services. The study investigates knowledge management skills and the chief strengths of library and information science professionals in India. For this study, data collected from the Institute of National Importance and Central Universities around India. The principal aim of this study is to understand the current scenario and data literacy skills of library professionals.

V. A. Traag

Citations in science are being studied from several perspectives, among which approaches such as scientometrics and science of science. In this chapter I briefly review some of the literature on citations, citation distributions and models of citations. These citations feature prominently in another part of the literature which is dealing with research evaluation and the role of metrics and indicators in that process. Here I briefly review part of the discussion in research evaluation. This also touches on the subject of how citations relate to peer review. Finally, I conclude by trying to integrate the two literatures. The fundamental problem in research evaluation is that research quality is unobservable. This has consequences for conclusions that we can draw from quantitative studies of citations and citation models. The term ``indicators'' is a relevant concept in this context, which I try to clarify. Causality is important for properly understanding indicators, especially when indicators are used in practice: when we act on indicators, we enter causal territory. Even when an indicator might have been valid, through its very use, the consequences of its use may invalidate it. By combining citation models with proper causal reasoning and acknowledging the fundamental problem about unobservable research quality, we may hope to make progress.

M. Goncharov, K. Kolosov

The authors examine the libraries’ independent calculations and analysis of alternative metrics to determine user-defined relevancy of publications. Logfiles collected by web-servers at users’ accessing e-catalogs may be used for such calculations and analysis. The almetrics’ key advantages as compared to traditional bibliometrics and webometrics are: real-time representation; openness and transparency; coverage of wider non-academic audience; coverage of various sources and research findings. The web-server log-files enable to analyze number of user views of bibliographic records in e-catalog, to rate authors, individual publications and topical queries for a time period. In case of links to full texts, the number of pdf. documents loaded by users and n umber of p ages viewed ( when library computer-based system supports full-text document scrolling mode) may be defined. The authors also discuss specificity of handling log-files for various analysis types: statistical, content addressable, defining sequential sets, clustering. The functionality and table structure of RNPLST’s software module for advanced bibliometric analysis is described. The further task of the study will be to define trends of user behavior and forecasts for user group behavior when using e-catalog.The article is prepared within the framework of the State Order to Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology “Development and improvement of the system of Open Archive of integrated information and library resources of Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology as modern knowledge management system in digital environment: on the way to Open Science” № 075-01300-20-00 for 2020–2022.

Paweł Wolnicki

W Kościele prawo przedmiotowe do organizowania się wiernych w różnego rodzaju zrzeszenia dotyczy także duchownych. Międzynarodowym stowarzyszeniem grupującym księży diecezjalnych jest założona przez Wiktora Labeuriera w 1862 roku Unia Apostolska Kapłanów Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego, która kanoniczne zatwierdzenie i ustanowienie otrzymała w 1880 roku. Na ziemiach polskich stowarzyszenie to pojawiło się na początku XX wieku, a w diecezji częstochowskiej powstało w roku 1929. Do 1949 roku funkcjonowała ona jako stowarzyszenie mające umocowanie prawne w przepisach prawa polskiego i kościelnego. W związku z dekretem z dnia 5 sierpnia 1949 roku o zmianie niektórych przepisów prawa o stowarzyszeniach Unia Apostolska stała się instytucją wyłącznie kanoniczną. Dzieje tego stowarzyszenia w Polsce i w wielu jej diecezjach nie doczekały się syntetycznego opracowania. Celem artykułu jest więc przedstawienie tej instytucji i jej archiwalnej działalności na przykładzie diecezji częstochowskiej oraz charakterystyka dokumentacji aktowej: księgi członków i księgi kandydatów, deklaracji członkostwa, złożonych przyrzeczeń stałości i kart tzw. scheduli. Poza rozważaniami badaczy wciąż bowiem pozostaje charakterystyka dokumentacji wytwarzanej, gromadzonej i archiwizowanej przez podstawowe jej struktury – diecezjalne Unie Apostolskie, która może być bogatym źródłem informacji dla wielu dyscyplin naukowych.