Hasil untuk "Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings"

Masahiro Maeda

ABSTRACT This study examines the interaction between social images and actual space in tenement houses, locally called line houses, on a tea plantation in Sri Lanka. The social image of line houses was analyzed based on the discourses of managers, supporters, and residents, while tracing the history of tea plantations and its social development. The physical characteristics and space of line houses were clarified following a field survey in a village, a former tea plantation in Kandy District. Line houses have been conventionally understood only in one aspect, as poor and inhuman living environments that need to be improved or eliminated. However, the results of this study show that the line houses have acquired a sense of place and inherited Tamil culture. This finding reinforces the recent discourse that attempts to reconsider the space of tea plantations from the perspective of the people who have lived there and may provide a basis for rethinking the government's policy of resettling people in line houses.

P. K. V. R. Padalu, R. Vashisht

Daniel Sorin RUSU

This paper examines the integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in architectural design and building systems. It explores their evolution, benefits, and limitations, citing case studies like the One World Trade Center. VR and AR are shown to enhance collaboration, visualization, and decision-making in design. However, challenges such as hardware limitations and content creation complexity persist. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and collaboration in leveraging VR and AR to shape the future of architectural practice. Overall, it offers valuable insights into the transformative potential of these technologies in building design.

Gabriele Bernardini, Benedetta Gregorini, Enrico Quagliarini et al.

Sustainable strategies for Architectural Heritage reuse rely on preserving built environment features and maximizing visitors’ engagement. Occupancy issues can cause the degradation of building materials and surfaces, especially in isolated built environments, like hypogeum. The visitors’ presence affects indoor hygrothermal loads. Acceptable fruition models could provide number and timing for visitors’ access, but behavioral patterns should be assessed to evaluate if conservation-based assumptions can provide adequate users’ engagement. This work adopts technologies for detecting users’ behaviors and perception, applying it to a hypogeum characterized by high-valued reliefs on sandstone surfaces. Visitors’ numbers and times are defined to guarantee that thermal conditions do not exceed hypogeum natural fluctuations. Given this fruition model, in-situ experiments are performed to assess visitor’s perception of high reliefs and fruition patterns. Perception is investigated through a wearable eye-tracking system to point out which artifacts attract more attention and how. Fruition patterns are assessed in terms of users’ paths and engagement time in the hypogeum areas. Results show that the users’ attention is focused on better conserved and lightened high reliefs, suggesting the importance of lighting-design strategies for hypogeum reuse. The proposed fruition model can ensure satisfactory users’ engagement while guaranteeing adequate hypogeum thermal conditions.

Zinoviy Blikharskyy

This article is devoted to experimental researches of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened by a RC jacketing under load. The program of experimental researches of reinforced concrete beams was envisaged to test four series with a total number of 16 beams 2,100 mm long, of which 14 reinforced beams were additionally pre-loaded. In all experimental samples the longitudinal working reinforcement were steel bars of 2 ∅14 mm А500С. The beams were reinforced by jacketing with the use of two unstressed reinforcement rods of 2 ∅10 A500C mm. To simulate the real life conditions, the loading levels of 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of the non-strengthened beam bearing capacity were maintained during jacketing. The strengthening effect decreased from 92 to 76% depending on the actual load level (30–90% of the load-bearing capacity of non-strengthened beams). The results of the study could be taken into account in designing reinforced concrete beams strengthened by a RC jacketing under previous loading.

Nyoman Laksmitasari Wulansani, Hanson E Kusuma, Annisa Safira Riska

The heritage area is one of many tourism destinations in the world. Indonesia has many heritage areas that had been known as world cultural heritage sites. The development of heritage areas could be done by the exploration of visitor needs. The main goal of this research is to know about visitor needs and grouping in the heritage areas. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires online. The data analysis method used in this study consisted of three steps, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. From the results of the correspondence analysis between preferences, perceptions, desire to revisit, activities, and partner there are three groups were found, namely will revisit, hesitate to revisit, and will not revisit. The “will revisit” group who not only care about cultural heritage but also other attributes, have various activities, and visit groups or individuals. The “hesitate” group prioritize visual quality and facilities, engage in educational, sporting, or recreational activities, and are more likely to visit with friends. Last one, the “will not revisit” group who felt that they did not fit the atmosphere in the historical area, work in this area, and come with a partner.

Georgiana-Alexandra MOROSANU, Viorel PAUNOIU, Virgil-Gabriel TEODOR et al.

The technological design of devices has a significant share in the industrial field and, therefore, any study that highlights, through concrete examples, the main issues regarding the design of devices used, especially in the machine building industry, is welcome. The paper presents three fixturing devices specialized for the drilling operation of some technical pieces encountered in the field of hydraulic drives - spool valve, fixing clamp and flange support ventilation self-cleaning filter system. Both the pieces and the devices were made with the help of Autodesk Inventor program, a software package that streamlines as concrete and precise as possible the 3D modeling of solids.

Nilupa Udawatta, Jian Zuo, Keri Chiveralls et al.

PurposeThere is an increasing level of recognition of the pressing issues associated with climate change and resource depletion. As a result, it is well recognised that higher education institutions bear responsibilities to promote “sustainable development”. Many universities have adopted green building practices in the construction of their building infrastructure. A variety of Green Building Rating Tools (GBRTs) have been designed to facilitate green building developments. Thus, the aim of this research is to identify mechanisms to improve current GBRTs in terms of waste management (WM) practices by using green star accredited educational buildings in Australia.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted in this study to achieve the research aim by conducting three case studies of educational buildings in South Australia. Thirty three interviews were carried out in a face-to-face, semi-structured manner and project documentations were reviewed. The participants were asked to provide their expert opinions on the GS initiative and its ability to minimise waste generation, the impact of the GS initiative on solid WM practices and problems associated with the implementation process of the GS initiative. Data was analysed using code-based content analysis using the NVivo software package. Tables and figures were used as the visualization technique to present an expedient understanding in a holistic manner.FindingsFindings showed that the Green Star (GS) initiative drives change in the way current practices are performed in the Australian construction industry. However, this study revealed that WM targets outlined in the GS initiative are not challenging enough. Thus, suggestions are provided in this research to improve the WM aspects of GS initiatives by looking beyond a focus on “sustainability” and “waste minimisation” towards a focus on regenerative environments.Originality/valueThese findings are valuable for practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve WM practices and to address issues associated with climate change and resource depletion.

Stuart D. Green, Natalya Sergeeva

The global policy challenge of responding to climate change comprises a ‘super-wicked’ problem which consistently defies solution. Despite the UK government’s commitment to zero carbon by 2050, there is little clarity on how this ambitious target is going to be achieved. Even at the level of individual buildings there is a perennial risk of unintended consequences if top-down targets are pursued in isolation of other considerations. The quest for zero carbon is hence embedded within ongoing processes of narrative contestation, and inextricably intertwined with issues of professional identity. It is contended that design is an inherently social process which continues throughout a building’s lifecycle. It is within this context that designers seek to accommodate zero-carbon targets alongside a multiple of other priorities. Hence, any radical shift in the nature of educational provision may well prove to be counter-productive. Yet, much more could undoubtedly be done during education to incubate the quest for low carbon as an essential component of professional identity. There is a need for professionals continuously to hold others to account on the basis of the plausibility of their zero-carbon narratives. Of equal importance is the need to ensure that built-environment professionals continue to respond to the changing policy landscape.   'Policy relevance' The global policy challenge of responding to human-induced climate change defies technological solution. While the aspiration of zero-carbon buildings has been applauded by the built-environment professions, it remains unclear how this ambitious target is going to be realised in practice. Designers are routinely required to accommodate zero-carbon targets alongside multiple other priorities. Hence, any focus on the single criterion of zero carbon in isolation of other considerations risks being untenable. Built-environment professionals will hence limit their ability to influence if they allow themselves to become single-issue activists. This remains true irrespective of the severity of the pending climate crisis. But there are positive steps that can be taken. University educators could do much more to encourage students to embrace the quest for zero carbon as an essential part of their professional identity, and to encourage them to project this identity by continuously challenging the status quo.

Sri Yuliani, Gagoek Hardiman, Erni Setyowati

Penelitian atap hijau telah berkembang pada berbagai ragam disiplin ilmu secara mendunia. Namun informasi penelitian dengan tema atap hijau di Indonesia masih terbatas diperoleh, termasuk dari disiplin ilmu arsitektur. Oleh karenanya, sangat penting mengidentifikasi pemetaan penelitian atap hijau dari sudut pandang arsitektur. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi kebaruan penelitian atap hijau yang berpeluang dilakukan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan kajian literatur berdasarkan pemetaan melalui Vosviewer dilanjutkan dengan melakukan analisis isi pada sejumlah teori yang telah mengerucut. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penelitian atap hijau dari sudut pandang arsitektur, masih berpeluang pada penelitian yang menggunakan parameter lokasi berbasis iklim dan kriteria kepadatan, fungsi obyek hunian, inovasi bahan dan teknologi atap hijau yang aplikatif digunakan masyarakat Indonesia.

Y. Alvarado, Ó. Ribero, D. Garzón et al.

En el presente artículo se estudian los beneficios económicos de la aplicación del programa de certificación de construcciones sostenibles LEED, en el Edificio Centro Ático situado en Bogotá - Colombia. Inicialmente, se determinan los consumos de agua y energía eléctrica, y los costos de construcción y operación del edificio bajo su diseño original (construido sin tener en cuenta los parámetros establecidos por LEED). Seguido a esto se plantean estrategias para lograr que el edificio Centro Ático alcance la certificación LEED GOLD New Construction V3 2009 y se calculan los incrementos económicos asociados a éstas. Así mismo, se calculan los nuevos consumos de agua y energía eléctrica bajo la aplicación de dichas estrategias (diseño modificado) y sus correspondientes costos de operación. Finalmente, se determinan los indicadores de bondad económica de la inversión mediante un análisis de flujo de caja.

Patricia Isabela BRAILEANU, Ionel SIMION, Benyebka BOU-SAID

Nowadays the biomechanical field is getting a significant amplitude and the research directions from all over the world are increasingly focusing on the prostheses personalization. In T.H.R. (Total Hip Replacement) the most important factors that lead to a good osseointegration are the design and implicitly hip prosthesis geometry, the prosthetic components orientation, the couple type and the biomaterials used; bone quality and the patients’ medical history, as well as the surgeons’ approaching method in orthopedics may influence the outcome of the hip replacement surgery also. From the first hip implants initiated by Temistocles Gluck between 1853 and 1942 and up to nowadays implants that attempts to reproduce femoral geometry and bone structure, this article aims to present the most important evolutionary stages of hip prostheses and the optimization directions that researchers approach ultimately.

Ali A. F. Al-Hamadani, Mohammed G. Al-Azawyb, Mohammed Hameed Ghareeb Al Dulfi

The intensity of radiation reaches 930 W/m2 during April, 2016 in Kut city. Thus this city is suitable to use application of solar energy such as solar still. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the production of Semi Spherical Solar Still (SS-SS) with and without Charcoal. It was measured in the climatic conditions of Kut, Wasit (32o N latitude), Iraq. The still consists of square basin of length 0.3 m and area 0.09 m2 made of Aluminum. The square absorber basin is painted with black paint for maximum absorption of incident solar radiation. It was found that the productivity of Semi spherical solar still without charcoal is better than the using of charcoal at depth of basin water (dbw=1.5 & 2cm). The productivity of SS-SS without charcoal was 2.7 lit/m2 for 6 hours at total irradiation 5935 W/m2. Whereas 2.5 lit/m2 for SS-SS with charcoal at total irradiation 5845 W/m2 for dbw=1.5cm. In addition, the instantaneous efficiency reaches 58% without charcoal and 70% with charcoal at dbw=1.5cm at 3:00PM. The salinity of water before desalination in SS-SS was 999.54 ppm and becomes 4.06 ppm after desalination. It could be concluded that the semi spherical solar still can be used for distilled water production

Maria Pura Moreno

From the 1930’s on, a variant in the western architecture of movie theatres built in previous decades came to light. This variant, smaller and more unassuming in its decoration and size, was the result of another economic context and, above all, of a novel programming of newscasts and documentaries in short sessions and continuous slideshows called, depending on the country of your projection, ‘newsreels’, ‘cinegiornali’, ‘actualités filmées’, or ‘wochenschauen’. The establishment of the chain of movie theatres ‘Cinéac -cinéma et actualités’ in French-speaking countries, mainly by the entrepreneur Reginald Ford, gave rise to the proposal of spatial and technical answers to the demands of aspects such as acoustics, optics, a continuous flow of people, safety or ventilation, from the sector of architecture which was most functionalist. In this article the Cinéac built by the architects Adrienne Gorska and Pierre de Montaut, pioneers in projects for this program of leisure, will be analysed. The aim is to demonstrate the technical rigor on which constructiveness, as the leitmotiv of longed for perception, was based. The critical re-reading of layouts and sections will reveal that, behind the prominence of bright facades, there were hidden spatial criteria different from those of the previous cinemas, leading to, as a whole, what was to be a typological adaptation to a function that had already been established

A Vijayabhaskar, M. Shanmugasundaram

This paper describes the study of durability aspects of concrete incorporated with different dosages of (0 % - 0.40 %) of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Each specimen was subjected to Acid attack test, Chloride attack test, Sulphate attack test and water permeability test for a duration of 28, 56 and 90 days respectively. It has been observed from the experiments that the specimen of 0.25% Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes shows an extraordinary performance among the other specimens. It was also observed that this mix performed much better than the control specimen.

Eisuke Togashi

Abstract In this paper, we describe a new heat pump calculation model that achieves the following objectives: (i) demonstrates the influences of temperature, flow rate, and load ratio of the heating medium on the system; (ii) describes the system characteristics affected by the heat medium outlet temperature; (iii) analytically solves system equations without iterative convergence calculations; (iv) implements a small number of explanatory variables, thereby allowing the shape of the characteristic expression to be easily overlooked; and (v) is generalizable because the explanatory variables are dimensionless. The parameters of the developed model for the ground source heat pump were estimated, and the calculation results were compared with those of the model developed using the LCEM tool. The ground source heat pump model was developed with a cooling water pump and a ground heat exchanger. The relationship between the cooling water flow rate, partial load rate, and system efficiency was calculated. It was confirmed that the trade‐off between the power consumption by the heat pump and the cooling water pump can be described using the cooling water flow rate.

Alva F.P. Sondakh

Neighborhood Walkability is an important factor in urban life. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the variables used in the measurements, to identify the methods of data collection, to identify the research instruments, and to identify the methods of data analysis used by previous researchs on Neighborhood Walkability. This review used a systematic literature review method on 19 articles about Neighborhood Walkability. Results of analysis and interpretation has shown that a combination of measuring factual condition and perceptual opinion is best to describe the Neighborhood Walkability. Keywords: assesment method, neighborhood walkability, neighborhood accessibility, urban quality of life.

DUCA Mioara, VALTER Narcisa, DUCA Iulian

In this paper, we present an analysis of the symmetry of the point and of the line in relation to the most known curved surfaces: cylindrical, conical and spherical. This analysis offers mathematical formulas showing the result of the transformations through symmetry and displays these changes through images obtained by spatial symmetrization, realized with Inventor software. These results can be used in graphical applications assisted by computers, which use the symmetry in relation to curved surfaces.

Sebastian Marian Zaharia, Rares Ioan Stefanescu

The ballistic missile model analysed in this paper presents a stringer type fuselage having 10 control surfaces, 8 directional surfaces to execute turns and 2 to execute manoeuvers for changing the angle of attack, but also 4 direction stabilisers. In this paper a CFD simulation was carried out on ballistic missile with a new structure for determining the flight performance and the aerodynamic configuration. It was also performed a finite element analysis of the ballistic missile and the results obtained allowed to precisely determine the areas where the stress is greatest and where is necessary to provide several measures to increase the structure’s rigidity, to protect it from temperature and pressure.

Xin Zhao, M.A. Haojia