Viera Pramestya Makuta, Saridawati, Bsd Sektor
et al.
Manual bookkeeping system Manual bookkeeping is a system of recording financial transactions that is carried out conventionally using ledgers, journals, and worksheets without the help of accounting software. Manual bookkeeping has advantages in terms of cost affordability and ease of implementation for small businesses. However, the main weakness of this system is its susceptibility to recording errors and delays in preparing financial reports. PT Javindo is a medium- scale company in the construction sector that still uses a manual bookkeeping system. This has had an impact on the results of financial reports that are less credible and prone to misrepresentation and do not comply with financial accounting standards in Indonesia. The evaluation results concluded that there were many weaknesses in the implementation of the manual bookkeeping system, so it is better for PT Javindo to revolutionize the system and implement accounting system-based recording.
Refki Renaldi, Darman Safe’i, Gitta Destalya Adrian Nova
et al.
This training aims to serve the community to provide an understanding to grocery store entrepreneurs about the importance of recording or bookkeeping of their activities and business progress, and to introduce the BukuWarung application to grocery store entrepreneurs in Marga Bakti Village. The problem found was their lack of knowledge and understanding of accounting, especially recording and bookkeeping to the preparation of financial reports. Their previous understanding that recording and bookkeeping were difficult, troublesome, and time-consuming became an obstacle to learning accounting. In the era of IT-based technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the use of BukuWarung-based technology that can be accessed anywhere has become a basic human need. The BukuWarung-based bookkeeping application can be used as a tool for recording the flow of money in and out that can be used easily and applicatively for business actors, both small and medium.
This study aims to analyse the influence of financial, accounting, and digital literacy, bookkeeping skills, and financial report comprehension on the performance and financial reporting quality of SMEs. Using a quantitative approach and data analysis with SmartPLS, this research involves 130 respondents from small and medium-sized handicraft businesses in Kuningan Regency, Cirebon Regency, Cirebon City, Majalengka Regency, and Indramayu Regency. The results show that financial literacy and bookkeeping skills positively and significantly affect SME performance while accounting and digital literacy have no significant effect. All independent variables, such as financial, accounting, and digital literacy, bookkeeping skills, and financial report comprehension, significantly influence financial reporting quality. These findings suggest the importance of improving financial literacy and bookkeeping skills to enhance SMEs' performance and financial reporting quality and recommend that SME operators continue to strengthen these competencies to support their business success.
The paper explores accounting theories focusing on the influence of Fyodor Ezerskiy’s, one of the most famous Russian accountants, his identity and surroundings. The history of his triple Russian accounting is the subject of research both in our country and abroad. The study uses the prosopographical and archival research methods. The authors aim to analyze the works of F.V. Ezerskiy in comparison with similar works of his time. Russian triple-entry bookkeeping, as research shows, is a double-entry system variation where equity equals assets minus liabilities, mirroring English practices. And they are in no way related to the ideas of Ijiri’s triple-entry bookkeeping. Ezerskiy’s system originated from two sources: his War Office budgetary accounting experience and Johnson’s English accounting system. In order to spread it, he created conditions under which everyone knew it. Ezerskiy spurred debate among academic accountants on his system by critiquing double-entry bookkeeping and promoting his own in his journals. Ezerskiy’s courses trained over 15,000 accountants in Russia’s triple-entry bookkeeping system over 40 years. Also, he attracted like-minded supporters and sympathizers by establishing an accountant’s society, offering professional development and family-friendly activities. The system developed by Ezerskiy became not only his life’s work but also a way to earn money. Although the pioneering bookkeeper, who shunned traditional Italian double-entry methods, was famous, Ezerskiy was not unique. The authors’ analysis in this paper established that Ezerskiy’s system closely resembles the ideas of E. Dégrange (Sr.) — the creator of the so called an American accounting form. They simplified accounting by employing auxiliary registers and decreasing the number of general ledger accounts. The phrase “triple-entry bookkeeping” pre-dates Ezerskiy; Rodolphe Roupp’s book describes a system much like Dégrange’s. Like Ezerskiy, Roupp also noted that his triple-entry bookkeeping was necessary to avoid errors in the records. This doesn’t diminish Ezerskiy’s contributions; his era’s accounting systems were distinguished by the number of registers, not the number of accounts used. This is also characteristic of Ezerskiy’s system.
Ушбу мақолада баҳоланган мажбуриятлар ҳисобида мавжуд муаммолар қайд қилинган. Халқаро стандартларга мувофиқ баҳоланган мажбуриятларнинг турлари, уларни тан олиш ва баҳолаш тартиби такомиллаштирилган. Баҳоланган мажбуриятларни ҳисобга олиш мақсадида амалдаги счётлар режасига тааллуқли счётларни очиш ва уларни юритиш тартиби келтирилган. Баҳоланган мажбуриятлар ҳисобига оид бухгалтерия ишланмалари тавсия этилган. Ушбу тавсияларнинг амалиётда қўлланилиши баҳоланган мажбуриятларни халқаро стандартларга мувофиқ ҳисобга олишни таъминлайди.
China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 relies on the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector, with forestation targets designed to enhance carbon removal. However, the exact sequestration potential of these initiatives remains uncertain due to differing accounting conventions between national inventories and scientific assessments. Here, we reconcile both estimates and reassess LULUCF carbon fluxes up to 2100, using a spatially explicit bookkeeping model, state-of-the-art historical data, and national forestation targets. We simulate a carbon sink of −0.24 ± 0.03 Gt C yr−1 over 1994–2018 from past forestation efforts, aligned well with the national inventory. Should the official forestation targets be followed and extended, this could reach −0.35 ± 0.04 Gt C yr−1 in 2060, offsetting 43 ± 4% of anticipated residual fossil CO2 emissions. Our findings confirm the key role of LULUCF in carbon sequestration, but its potential will decline if forestation efforts cease, highlighting the necessity for emission reductions in other sectors to achieve carbon neutrality. China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal relies on forestation to enhance carbon removal. This study reconciles national and scientific LULUCF carbon flux estimates, projecting that continued forestation could offset 43% of CO2 emissions by 2060.
Anindiya Salsabila, Tengku Narasiya Adiza, Ananda Jaya Irdianti
et al.
The era of digitalization presents opportunities and challenges for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in rural areas. To increase competitiveness in this era, an appropriate and comprehensive strategy is needed. This abstract discusses strategies that can be implemented to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs in rural areas, with a focus on aspects of using digital technology to reach wider markets, increase operational efficiency, and build brand image. This can be done through the use of social media, e-commerce and other digital platforms to market products and services. Use of online accounting and bookkeeping applications to manage finances more effectively. The research method used is a qualitative method by collecting interviews, observing challenges and opportunities in the era of digitalization in the North Sumatra region. By using digital technology, increasing human resource capacity, strengthening networks and collaboration, and getting conducive infrastructure and policy support, MSMEs in rural areas can develop and contribute to the national economy.
The article tries to substantiate the extension of the list of accounting methods, which make up the method of current bookkeeping. Focus is not made on specifying content of the present and established in practice ways of accounting but on insertion in the list such elements of the method that foster realization of tasks facing the current accounting within the frames of informational support of management and outward control. At the same time these elements of the method were not taken into consideration in the regulatory framework. According to the author, extension of the list of elements of bookkeeping methods can build a frame for shaping the home regulatory framework in bookkeeping. Reorganization of Russian accounting rules (standards), which can be traced lately, demonstrates timeliness of introduction of new approaches to elaborating the system of enactments. Insertion in the list of key issues liable to regulation of matters of methodology underlines the importance of the principle of content priority over form. It can help adjust regulatory framework in accordance with procedure and technological principle. The author put forward methodology, which can be applied to any type of objective accounting.
Talent Kondo, Simba Mutsvangwa, Felix Chari
et al.
This paper analyses the causal relationship between Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), Equities Market Volatility, Exchange Rate and Inflation in Zimbabwe using a monthly time series data between October 2018 and November 2021. The granger causality model was used to present the link between the variables, and EGARCH was used to account for volatility and asymmetric effects on the variables. To incorporate innovations and responses into the Granger model, impulse response functions were used. Links between exchange rate and foreign portfolio investments were found. This only suggests that exchange rate volatility will vary when overseas investors purchase and sell financial securities on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). In contrast, foreign investors sell local financial securities when local stock market returns are negative, leading to a significant outflow of foreign portfolio investment thereby reducing demand for currency. A significant causal relationship was found between the volatility of the exchange rate and stock market returns. It is assumed that stock market returns, and foreign portfolio investments are caused by fluctuating currency rates. The relationship between exchange rate and ZSE returns, and inflation was found based on Granger causality. This implies that stocks are not suitable for long-term investments that compensate investors for their diminished purchasing power. Policy makers should advise the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange to recommend a reduction in capital gains tax and withholding tax and this encourages investors to hold local equities for a long time.
Germán Fuentes Rodriguez, Yeisson Bejarano Rodríguez, César Augusto Castellanos Linares
Históricamente la desigualdad de género se ha manifestado de diferentes formas en diferentes regiones del mundo, y esta discrepancia ha suscitado una serie de apreciaciones respecto del crecimiento económico, y su relación con la rentabilidad de la inversión en capital humano, ya que tradicionalmente el nivel educativo de una persona incrementa su capacidad productiva y por ende su remuneración; es por esto que el nivel educativo y cultural que tenga la población de un país es uno de los determinantes principales de su desarrollo social y económico.
Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que resultados de investigaciones sobre este tema, muestran como la desigualdad educativa puede afectar el crecimiento, pero no indican que el hecho de que las mujeres inviertan en educación, les garantice mejores ingresos u oportunidades laborales. Por esto, la finalidad del presente análisis del retorno de la inversión en educación se abordó desde una perspectiva de la competitividad, teniendo en cuenta que los avances en formación y en experiencia representan una significativa incidencia sobre los resultados productivos del factor trabajo, así como las discrepancias salariales por género.
Para tal fin se desarrolló un modelo econométrico de tipo Minceriano estimado a través del método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO); que mediante un análisis de corte transversal permitió cuantificar la TIR de la educación y la incidencia que tiene la acumulación de capital humano a través del incremento en los niveles educativos, sobre las mejoras salariales de los individuos; con el fin de describir el comportamiento de esta variable en Villavicencio y así analizar su tendencia durante los años en estudio y la diferenciación salarial entre si es hombre o mujer
Research Question: What are the motives for adopting ERP in the case study firm, and its benefits and challenges? How has ERP got implicated in management accounting?
Motivation: Organisations implement ERP systems expecting various benefits. Rather than being a mere technological exercise, such an implementation has implications for organisational structure, decision-making process, and communications systems; hence the success will depend on many considerations. Despite the availability of survey studies, there is limited research on how ERP systems unfold in specific organisations amid varied contextual influences, unique benefits, challenges and management accounting ramifications.
Idea: Drawing case study evidence from a manufacturing firm in Sri Lanka, Sugar & Salt, this paper delves into the motives for the ERP system implementation, its benefits and challenges, as well as how the ERP system had got entangled in the management accounting practices of the firm.
Data: The data was collected through in-depth interviews with participants involved with the ERP system and management accounting work, informal conversations and documents review. Data have been analysed based on thematic analysis.
Tools: This study deploys the qualitative research methodology and case study strategy. It draws theoretical inspiration from institutional theory and brings together new institutional sociology (NIS) and old institutional economics (OIE).
Findings: Our findings suggest that while the implementation of the ERP system was driven by the pressure from the regional (South Asian) headquarters, it enabled streamlining of the management accounting function and facilitated the costing, budgeting as well as the internal reporting system. The ERP system has also allowed management accountants to move towards analytical work.
Contribution: The paper contributes to the literature on ERP and management accounting interface, extends the use of institutional theory in management accounting research, and provides insights to practitioners.
Abstrak - Apakah Penghindaran Pajak Disebabkan oleh Koneksi Politik dan Karakteristik Eksekutif?
Tujuan utama – Penelitianaini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran koneksi politik dan karakteristik eksekutif faktor dalam penghindaran pajak.
Metode - Analisis regresialinear berganda dan moderasi digunakan sebagai metode analisis. Perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat dalam Bursa Indonesia selama periode 2017 hingga 2019 merupakan sampel pada penelitian ini.
Temuan utama - Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa karakteristik eksekutif merupakan faktor pendorong perusahaan untuk lebih berani melakukan penghindaran pajak. Tindakan penghindaran pajak semakin meningkat apabila eksekutif bersifat risk taker. Sebaliknya, koneksi politik bukan faktor penyebab penghindaran pajak.
Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan - Buruknya kontrol dan pengawasan dari principal selaku pemilik perusahaan membuat agen cenderung melakukan tindakan berisiko. Prinsipal dan pemerintah harus memberikan pengawasan yang lebih optimal dan transparansi yang tinggi dengan mengaplikasikan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik.
Kebaruan Penelitian – Penelitian ini menawarkan solusi tata kelola perusahaan yang baik untuk mengurangi kecurangan akuntansi (khususnya pada aspek penghindaran pajak) yang dilakukan pihak eksekutif perusahaan.
Abstract - Is Tax Avoidance Caused by Political Connections and Executive Characteristics?
Main Purpose – This study examines the role of political connections and executive characteristics of factors in tax avoidance.
Method - Multiple linear regression and moderation analysis was used as the method. Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019 are the sample.
Main Findings - The results of this study reveal that executive characteristics are a motivating factor for companies to be more daring to do tax avoidance. Tax avoidance measures increase if the executive is a risk-taker. On the other hand, political connections are not a factor in tax avoidance.
Theory and Practical Implications - Poor control and supervision from the principal as the company owner makes agents tend to take risky actions. Principals and the government must provide more optimal leadership and high transparency by applying good corporate governance.
Novelty – This study offers an excellent corporate governance solution to reduce accounting fraud (especially in the aspect of tax avoidance) by corporate executives.
Purpose - With a sample of 22 banks, this study examines the significance of the news contents about the privatization of two public sector banks in India. New information does impact the stock markets. This study provides evidence on how the privatization of public sector banks impacted the returns of the Indian banking sector. Design/methodology/approach - This study employs the standard event study methodology with the market model for estimating the normal returns. Findings - The statistical results indicate that while the private sector banks experienced positive average abnormal returns on the event day, the cumulative effect of the announcement is negatively significant for both private and public sector banks. The statistical results also provide evidence of information leakage, with significant results before the announcement date. The shorter event windows analysis exhibits significant positive returns in the 5-days [−2, +2] window for the private sector banks and the entire sample, signifying a positive short-term impact on the private sector banks. Originality/value - The event study literature captures the impacts of many events. However, to the best of our knowledge, the impacts of the privatization of the Indian public sector banks have never been examined using the event study methodology. Hence, this study anticipates being the first-ever study to fill this gap and extend the available literature in finance. In addition, although we provide Indian evidence, future studies may be oriented to capture cross-country impacts.
Objetivo: Describir y explicar cómo la auditoría con criterios de mejora continua puede mejorar la gestión de procesos en las entidades del Estado que prestan servicios asistenciales, teniendo como base las recomendaciones que fluyen de los informes de los órganos de control institucional, que conforman el Sistema Nacional de Control, con el propósito de lograr criterios básicos de eficiencia, eficacia, economía y legalidad en las prestaciones de salud que realiza el sector público, representados por el Ministerio de Salud (Minsa) y el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Método: El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo; el tipo de investigación, descriptivo, correlacional y exploratorio, con diseño transaccional no experimental. Se aplicaron cuestionarios en escala de Likert y en escala dicotómica, cuyo análisis se realizó comparando los procedimientos técnicos de auditoría efectuados en los hospitales de Minsa y Essalud, mediante el análisis de casos, encuestas y entrevistas en dichas entidades de salud. Resultados: La prestación de los servicios asistenciales dependen, de alguna manera, de la implementación de recomendaciones provenientes de los servicios de auditoría efectuados, sin la cual los servicios de prestaciones asistenciales continúan siendo deficientes. Conclusiones: Los sistemas de control interno y auditoría no coadyuvan a la mejora de los sistemas de atención hospitalaria, incrementándose el riesgo que estas deficiencias afecten adversamente al público usuario.
The progress of internet-based communication technology has influenced the pattern of information delivery in the business world. Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) has become a medium of communication between companies and investors in delivering company financial reporting information. For this reason, this research is needed to identify what factors can influence IFR implementation at the Indonesian public company. This study aims to identify whether the level of technology and foreign ownership can affect IFR implementation in public companies in Indonesia. A total of 87 public company samples were used to test the research hypothesis. Research data were analyzed using multiple regression models. The results found indications that the level of company technology has a positive influence on the implementation of IFR in public companies in Indonesia. However, foreign ownership does not provide an effect for IFR implementation in public companies in Indonesia.
The purpose of this research is to examine empirically the impact of two types of fraudulent act on individual’s reporting intention under reward model. This research applied the Reinforcement theory in designing whistleblowing policies. In this context, reward system in encouraging disclosure of fraudulent act was used. This study was designed using experiment method 2x2 between subjects with 86 participants from private universities. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that every public company must establish anonymous channel regarding disclosure of fraudulent act. However, under the reward system it may become different prediction that non-anonymous channel is preferable than the other one. Using two types of fraudulent act, this research investigated whether those types affected individual’s intention for disclosing fraud in choosing the reporting channel because a reward is provided or not. The result shows that the interaction between the type of fraudulent act and type of channel could encourage individual’s intention to blow the whistle. However, individual prefers to report the misappropriation of asset through anonymous channel than non-anonymous even though a reward is provided.
Christopher Osita Anyaeche, Desmond Eseoghene Ighravwe
The improvement in the provision of banking services to customers enhances bank’s performance (profitability and productivity) and the amounts of dividend declared to shareholders as well as bank’s competitiveness. One means of fast tracking the service time for bank customers is through the use of self-servicing machines, such as automated teller machine (ATM). Total service cost, expected waiting time in queue, ATM utilization and percentage of customer loss are some of the performance indices that are used to evaluate the service rendered by a bank’s ATM. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the performance of ATM by integrating queuing model and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology. Applicability of the framework was tested using practical data obtained from four banks in Nigeria. It was observed that the average ATM usage in the study area was less than 50%. The TOPSIS results identified Bank A as the best ranked bank. In addition, the results obtained revealed that banks with two ATM were ranked higher than banks with more than two ATM