Hasil untuk "hep-th"

M. Schouten, M. Van Santen, L.M. KAGER

Ativitch Asavachaisuvikom, Burana Khiankaew, Narongsak Rungsakulkij

Masahiro Yanagi, Hajime Takatori, Taro Yamashita

Desmond Leddin

Marni H. Wilkoff, Nicholas R. Piniella, Rashmi Advani

Akash Roy, Shalini Bansal, Anand Kulkarni et al.

Mohammad Almeqdadi, Fredric D. Gordon

Akash Roy, Rohit Mehtani, Anand V. Kulkarni

Lauren Loeb, Manar Al Jawish, Andree H. Koop

Tomoya Nakamura, Yujiro Kawakami, Hiroshi Nakase

Amnon Sonnenberg, Ruth Kohen

Nicholas Smith, Emma Davis, Daniel Burger

Madhumita Premkumar, K. Rajender Reddy

Kento Shionoya, Akiko Sasaki, Chihiro Sumida

Kimitoshi Kubo, Noriko Kimura

S. Goldberg, H. Anthony, T. Evans

The distribution of the number of academic publications against citation count for papers published in the same year is remarkably similar from year to year. We characterise the shape of such distributions by a ‘width’, $$\sigma ^2$$σ2, associated with fitting a log-normal to each distribution, and find the width to be approximately constant for publications published in different years. This similarity is not surprising, after all, why would papers in a given year be cited more than another year? Nevertheless, we show that simple citation models fail to capture this behaviour. We then provide a simple three parameter citation network model which can reproduce the correct width over time. We use the citation network of papers from the hep-th section of arXiv to test our model. Our final model reproduces the data’s observed ‘width’ when around 20 % of the citations in the model are made to recently published papers in the entire network (‘global information’). The remaining 80 % of citations are made using the references from these papers’ bibliographies (‘local searches’). We note that this is consistent with other studies, though our motivation to achieve the above distribution with time is very different. Finally, we find that, in the citation network model, varying the number of papers referenced by a new publication is important as it alters the parameters in the model which are fitted to the data. This is not addressed in current models and needs further work.

A. Sepehri, F. Rahaman, A. Pradhan et al.

Abstract Recently, Padmanabhan [ arXiv:1206.4916 [hep-th] ] argued that the expansion rate of the universe can be thought of as the emergence of space as cosmic time progresses and is related to the difference between the surface degrees of freedom on the holographic horizon and the bulk degrees of freedom inside. The main question arises as to what is the origin of emergence of space in 4D universe. We answer this question in BIonic system. The BIon is a configuration in flat space of a D-brane and a parallel anti-D-brane connected by a thin shell wormhole with F-string charge. We propose a new model that allows that all degrees of freedom inside and outside the universe are controlled by the evolutions of BIon in extra dimension and tend to degrees of freedom of black F-string in string theory or black M2-brane in M-theory.