Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

C. Adams

T. Lauretis

C. Mackinnon

K. Warren

E. Holvino

Yilin Ke, Yun Suen Pai, Burkhard C. Wuensche et al.

Digital health has strong potential for promoting physical activity (PA), yet interventions often fail to sustain engagement among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women. Prior reviews focus on short-term efficacy or surface-level localisation, while a design-oriented synthesis of deep cultural adaptation and long-term strategies remain limited. This scoping review systematically screened 1968 records, analysed 18 studies and identified a critical design paradox: techno-solutionist systems overlook social and cultural barriers, while social-support features often fail in low-activity social networks. To address this gap, we propose the Culturally Embedded Interaction Framework, integrating five dimensions: culturally-grounded measurement, multi-modal interaction, contextual and temporal adaptability, embedded social weaving, and theory-guided cultural adaptation. The framework advances beyond accessibility-focused approaches by mapping behavioural theory to design mechanisms that support sustained and culturally plural participation. We provide actionable design principles to help HCI researchers and practitioners move from one-size-fits-all models toward adaptive, theory-informed, and culturally sustaining design.

Shayan Abrar, Samura Rahman, Ishrat Jahan Momo et al.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by a hormonal imbalance, irregular periods, and multiple ovarian cysts. Infertility, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risks are long-term complications that make early detection essential. In this paper, we design a powerful framework based on transfer learning utilizing DenseNet201 and ResNet50 for classifying ovarian ultrasound images. The model was trained on an online dataset containing 3856 ultrasound images of cyst-infected and non-infected patients. Each ultrasound frame was resized to 224x224 pixels and encoded with precise pathological indicators. The MixUp and CutMix augmentation strategies were used to improve generalization, yielding a peak validation accuracy of 99.80% by Densenet201 and a validation loss of 0.617 with alpha values of 0.25 and 0.4, respectively. We evaluated the model's interpretability using leading Explainable AI (XAI) approaches such as SHAP, Grad-CAM, and LIME, reasoning with and presenting explicit visual reasons for the model's behaviors, therefore increasing the model's transparency. This study proposes an automated system for medical picture diagnosis that may be used effectively and confidently in clinical practice.

Angela Mcrobbie

M. B. Zinn, B. T. Dill

Elena Gil González

En el seno de las narrativas más recientes, Lina Meruane y Fernanda Melchor han desarrollado en sus obras nuevos puntos de mira y nuevas poéticas del cuerpo abyecto resistente. Sus novelas abordan la comprensión de las cuerpas cerca de la capacidad política que habita en ellas como resultado de los mecanismos de control, poder y violencia que las atraviesan, pero también de las luchas que desafían el poder dominante. Este trabajo plantea el análisis de Temporada de huracanes (2017) y Fruta podrida(2007) desde un enfoque comparativo con el propósito de hallar el diálogo que establecen entre disidencia, abyección y escritura. Las dos obras ponen de manifiesto discursos de resistencia frente a la normativización de los cuerpos a través de sus personajes femeninos y de una escritura disidente que encuentra diferentes estrategias de enunciación para desafiar cualquier orden normativo.

Ahreum Choi, Heunghee Kim, Sherlyn Mae P. Provido et al.

BackgroundThis study aims to identify socioeconomic factors associated with the choice of antenatal care (ANC) facilities and to analyze trends in the utilization of health facilities for delivery and postnatal care (PNC) based on the type of ANC facility in Eastern Visayas, Philippines.MethodsThis secondary data analysis uses baseline and one-year follow-up survey data from a quasi-experimental study conducted in September 2023 and 2024. Data from 1,414 women with information on maternal health facility utilization was analyzed. ANC facilities were categorized into four groups: Barangay Health Station (BHS), Rural Health Unit (RHU), hospital/clinic and others. Multinomial logistic regressions were applied, adjusting for socio-economic status and Barangay location, to examine associations between socio-economic factors and ANC facility choice, as well as trends in delivery and PNC facility utilization based on ANC facility type.ResultsAmong 1,414 postpartum mothers, 35.6% received ANC at BHS, 34.1% at RHU, 32.7% at hospital/clinic, and 0.6% did not receive ANC. Most deliveries (83.3%) and PNC (61.4%) services occurred in hospital/clinic settings. Mothers who received ANC at a hospital/clinic were more likely to have higher education (aRRR = 7.04, 95% CI: 3.97, 12.50) and be wealthier (aRRR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.69) compared to those who received ANC at BHS. Mothers receiving ANC at RHU (aRRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.79) or hospital/clinic (aRRR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.78) were less likely to be single with a partner compared to those receiving ANC at BHS. Mothers who received ANC at hospital/clinic were more likely to deliver at a hospital/clinic (aRRR = 8.49, 95% CI: 3.56, 20.26) than at a RHU/BHS, and to receive PNC at a hospital/clinic (aRRR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.24) instead of at a BHS, compared to those receiving ANC at BHS. Mothers receiving ANC at RHU were more likely to also receive PNC at an RHU (aRRR = 16.13, 95% CI: 7.80, 33.36) compared to those receiving ANC at BHS.ConclusionsSocioeconomic disparities are associated with ANC facility choice, which in turn affects subsequent decisions regarding facilities for delivery and PNC in Eastern Visayas. As such, facility selection should be guided by healthcare needs rather than socioeconomic status.

Chase Hatcher, Adrienne Traxler, Lily Donis et al.

This paper presents a social network analysis of the professional support networks of 100 LGBTQ+ and/or women PhD physicists, comparing the networks based on the career sectors of academia, industry, and government/nonprofit. The methods for constructing and analyzing the ego networks, which are novel in many ways, are explained in greater detail in an earlier publication (Hatcher et. al., 2025). We use statistical tests of independence to explore differences between sectors in terms of whole network metrics, network composition based on alter characteristics, and support types. We find that alters associated with groups (like affinity groups and personal and professional interest groups) are more likely to provide identity-based and community building support, participants in Academia have fewer personal friends in their networks while those in Industry have more, participants in Government report less instrumental support, and those in Academia report less material support. These results and others lead to suggestions for employers in these sectors on how to better support these physicists, including continuing to promote participation in affinity and interest groups, providing more material support and/or personal time in the academic sector, and more instrumental support in the form of professional development or training in the government sector.

Rebecca Carstens, Raj Deshpande, Pau Esteve et al.

Elite football is believed to have evolved in recent years, yet systematic evidence for the pace and form of that change remains sparse. Drawing on event-level records for 13,018 matches across ten top-tier men's and women's leagues in England, Spain, Germany, Italy, and the United States (2020-2025), we quantify match dynamics through two complementary lenses: conventional performance statistics and pitch-passing networks that track ball movement across spatial regions of the field. Between 2020 and 2025, average passing volume, pass accuracy, and the proportion of passes made under pressure all increased, with the largest year-on-year changes occurring in women's competitions. Network measures reveal that normalized outreach decreased, indicating teams increasingly concentrate ball circulation into shorter-range passing connections rather than wide spatial distribution. These trends are consistent across countries and tiers, yet persistent national differences indicate that stylistic diversity remains. Notably, women's competitions exhibit stronger rates of change across most metrics, consistent with an accelerating professionalization, while the systematic decline in network outreach across all competitions points to a sport-wide tactical convergence toward shorter, more concentrated passing structures.

Sourabrata Mukherjee, Atharva Mehta, Sougata Saha et al.

The obligatory use of third-person honorifics is a distinctive feature of several South Asian languages, encoding nuanced socio-pragmatic cues such as power, age, gender, fame, and social distance. In this work, (i) We present the first large-scale study of third-person honorific pronoun and verb usage across 10,000 Hindi and Bengali Wikipedia articles with annotations linked to key socio-demographic attributes of the subjects, including gender, age group, fame, and cultural origin. (ii) Our analysis uncovers systematic intra-language regularities but notable cross-linguistic differences: honorifics are more prevalent in Bengali than in Hindi, while non-honorifics dominate while referring to infamous, juvenile, and culturally exotic entities. Notably, in both languages, and more prominently in Hindi, men are more frequently addressed with honorifics than women. (iii) To examine whether large language models (LLMs) internalize similar socio-pragmatic norms, we probe six LLMs using controlled generation and translation tasks over 1,000 culturally balanced entities. We find that LLMs diverge from Wikipedia usage, exhibiting alternative preferences in honorific selection across tasks, languages, and socio-demographic attributes. These discrepancies highlight gaps in the socio-cultural alignment of LLMs and open new directions for studying how LLMs acquire, adapt, or distort social-linguistic norms. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/souro/honorific-wiki-llm

Jahan C. Penny-Dimri, Magdalena Bachmann, William R. Cooke et al.

Large language models (LLMs) hold substantial promise for clinical decision support. However, their widespread adoption in medicine, particularly in healthcare, is hindered by their propensity to generate false or misleading outputs, known as hallucinations. In high-stakes domains such as women's health (obstetrics & gynaecology), where errors in clinical reasoning can have profound consequences for maternal and neonatal outcomes, ensuring the reliability of AI-generated responses is critical. Traditional methods for quantifying uncertainty, such as perplexity, fail to capture meaning-level inconsistencies that lead to misinformation. Here, we evaluate semantic entropy (SE), a novel uncertainty metric that assesses meaning-level variation, to detect hallucinations in AI-generated medical content. Using a clinically validated dataset derived from UK RCOG MRCOG examinations, we compared SE with perplexity in identifying uncertain responses. SE demonstrated superior performance, achieving an AUROC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.75-0.78), compared to 0.62 (0.60-0.65) for perplexity. Clinical expert validation further confirmed its effectiveness, with SE achieving near-perfect uncertainty discrimination (AUROC: 0.97). While semantic clustering was successful in only 30% of cases, SE remains a valuable tool for improving AI safety in women's health. These findings suggest that SE could enable more reliable AI integration into clinical practice, particularly in resource-limited settings where LLMs could augment care. This study highlights the potential of SE as a key safeguard in the responsible deployment of AI-driven tools in women's health, leading to safer and more effective digital health interventions.

Hannes Wallimann, Anna Mehr

The impact evaluation of female sports events remains an important yet neglected area of research. To fill this gap, this working paper provides a timely assessment of the 2025 UEFA Women's European Championship (WEURO) in Switzerland-the largest women-specific sports event in Europe with more than 657,000 spectators. Using city-level data on hotel overnight stays, we apply the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences approach of Arkhangelsky et al. (2021) to compare WEURO host cities with non-host destinations. In summary, our results do not support strong claims of large tourism impacts but rather point to a small positive effect. Sensitivity analyses also suggest positive effects. However, confidence intervals permit firm conclusions only for the main venues, indicating an increase in overnight stays of 1.6% attributable to the WEURO. Overall, our findings indicate positive but modest tourism impacts of the WEURO and outline a framework for further policy evaluation of sports events.

L. Lowe, T. M. Trinh

T. Bruce

Soheila Khosravi, Roshanak Davari

One of the objectives of this field is to foster the empowerment of women and the development of local economies through a variety of methods, such as social entrepreneur​ship, within the framework of sustainable development. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the role of Bakhtiari women in the development of the local economy and tourism in Iran, with a particular focus on the significance of social entrepreneurship and the production of traditional Bakhtiari clothing as critical factors in this development. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were implemented in this investigation. Questionnaires and field interviews with residents of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, as well as library research, have been implemented to gather data. The statistical population consists of Bakhtiari women, with a sample size of 389 individuals, and data analysis was conducted using statistical methods and analytical models. The results of this study indicate that the Bakhtiari women have a significant impact on the tourism and local economy. Through social entrepreneurship, they address the creation of employment opportunities and the development of local economic activities. The primary occupation of the Bakhtiari people is the production of traditional apparel, which plays a unique role in the empowerment of women and the promotion of cultural and historical tourism in the designated regions. Based on the findings, the development of social entrepreneurship and the production of traditional apparel can contribute to the improved welfare of individuals in these communities and local areas. A suitable step toward attaining sustainable development goals can be taken by considering this matter and taking appropriate measures to support and develop these activities in local policy-making and planning.

Federica Meluzzi

Gender norms are widely recognized as key determinants of persistent gender gaps in the labor market. However, our understanding of the drivers of gender norms, and their implications for preferences, remain lacking. This paper addresses this gap by examining how cultural assimilation from college peers influences women's early-career labor market decisions. For identification of causal effects, I exploit cross-cohort idiosyncratic variation in peers' geographical origins within Master's programs, combined with unique administrative and survey data covering the universe of college students in Italy. The main finding is that exposure to female classmates originating from areas with more egalitarian gender culture significantly increases women's labor supply, primarily through increased uptake of full-time jobs. A one standard deviation increase in peers' culture increases female earnings by 3.7%. The estimated peer effects are economically significant, representing more than a third of the gender earnings gap. Drawing on comprehensive data on students' job search preferences and newly collected data on their beliefs, I shed novel light on two distinct mechanisms driving peer influence: (1) shifts in preferences for non-pecuniary job attributes, and (2) social learning, particularly on the characteristics of the job offer distribution.