Hasil untuk "Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology"

Adriana Diaconu, Marta Pappalardo

This article examines the responses elicited by experiments addressing complex issues in housing. It explores how such experiments are implemented and their ability to facilitate or hinder dialogue beyond their initiators, decision-makers, and urban and real estate development professionals. The first theoretical part looks at the various definitions and typologies of urban experimentation, which reveal seemingly contradictory aspects regarding their implementation, resulting in an analytical grid. We then apply this grid to three housing development projects: two experiments on the energy transition and the third on metropolitan hospitality. This enables us to observe how these experiments are positioned between contradictory dynamics regarding their implementation, objectives and the actors involved. Our findings indicate that, while the creation of support and the enrollment of new participants are the most sought-after tools for addressing dissent in the cases studied, the processes for forming alliances diverge. Our perspective finally helps us understand the specific features of experiments conducted in housing projects that also aim to transform living practices.

Rosario Mumare, Franco Maximiliano Santacroce, Gabriel Cacopardo

El presente artículo contribuye al campo de conocimiento sobre procesos proyectuales y espacio público en barrios populares. A partir de esta experiencia, ubicada en una plaza del barrio Caribe de la ciudad de Mar del Plata y llevada a cabo entre julio del 2023 y mayo del 2024, se propone una discusión del concepto de flexibilidad, asociado a la disciplina del proyecto espacial arquitectónico, considerando la perspectiva de una red de actores involucrados. La articulación entre vecinos, actores académicos y sectores referentes a las políticas públicas y el contexto territorial en el que se inserta la experiencia, aportan otros modos de entender y accionar el proyecto del espacio público desde prácticas interactivas inter-actorales que abren caminos para la sostenibilidad y apropiación del espacio público. La metodología incluye un análisis del sitio con fuerte anclaje territorial por parte de los autores, actores analíticos y parte activa de la experiencia, lo que implica una base pormenorizada de datos con distintos registros de documentación gráfica y fotografías y mapas georreferenciados. Por otro lado, se aplicaron metodologías diversas de trabajo colectivo en el barrio y en aulas, con talleres, asambleas y reuniones vecinales con progresivas aproximaciones al proyecto. Este trabajo aporta también conocimientos y metodologías de estrategias participativas que pueden ser útiles para políticas públicas en barrios populares, al accionar modelos de co-creación entre comunidad vecinal, instituciones académicas y actores estatales.

Aaron An

Abstract Urban planning is challenging especially rapidly developing areas, making it imperative for decision-makers to be transparent, fair, and data-driven. This study looks at how planning decisions are made in local government in Australia. It compares two cases in Wyndham City where communities asked for the creation of new suburbs. The research uses evidence from council records and voting outcomes. It shows how one vote changed the final decision in both cases. In one case, a vote went against what the community wanted. This finding shows how personal bias and poor judgment can appear in traditional systems of governance. The study finds that technology-assisted decision-making (TADM) can improve openness, fairness, and accountability. The use of new technologies can make decision-making more consistent and more based on evidence. It can also help reflect public views more accurately. The study concludes that TADM should become part of urban governance. It recommends more research and real-world testing to build systems that support fair and sustainable planning outcomes.

Viet Hung Pham, Malte Wagenfeld, Regina Bernhaupt

Traditional urban planning methodologies often fail to capture the complexity of contemporary urbanization and environmental sustainability challenges. This study investigates the integration of Generative Design, Virtual Reality (VR), and Digital Twins (DT) to enhance walkability in urban planning. VR provides distinct benefits over conventional approaches, including 2D maps, static renderings, and physical models, by allowing stakeholders to engage with urban designs more intuitively, identify walkability challenges, and suggest iterative improvements. Preliminary findings from structured interviews with Eindhoven residents provide critical insights into pedestrian preferences and walkability considerations. The next phase of the study involves the development of VR-DT integrated prototypes to simulate urban environments, assess walkability, and explore the role of Generative Design in generating adaptive urban planning solutions. The objective is to develop a decision-support tool that enables urban planners to incorporate diverse stakeholder perspectives, optimize pedestrian-oriented urban design, and advance regenerative development principles. By leveraging these emerging technologies, this research contributes to the evolution of data-driven, participatory urban planning frameworks aimed at fostering sustainable and walkable cities.

Mariana Macedo, Ronaldo Menezes, Alessio Cardillo

The modelling of human mobility is vital for the understanding of the complexity of urban dynamics and guiding effective interventions to improve quality of life. Traditional modelling approaches focus on `average citizens,' which overlook the multitude of experiences from distinct sociodemographic groups. Recent studies have unveiled significant variations in mobility patterns related to gender and socioeconomic status, yet the impact of parenthood remains under-explored. Parenthood brings profound changes to daily routines, influenced by factors such as increased caregiving responsibilities, altered work-life balance, and the need for family-friendly environments. Parents often prioritise considerations such as cost of living, social wellbeing, environmental quality, and safety. Quantifying how `friendly' a city is becomes more and more important for parents, especially in the context of rising remote work opportunities which, in turn, reverberate on the choices on where to settle. This work investigates whether these considerations lead to distinct mobility patterns between parents and non-parents, also accounting for the impact of partnership. Using extensive census data across American cities, we analyse how parenthood and partnership reshape their urban experiences. Our findings indicate that cities can indeed be classified by their level of friendliness towards parents and partners. For example, Dallas and Nashville can be more suited for single individuals, New York and Chicago can be more accommodating to parents, while Washington and Baltimore favour married people. These insights contribute to the growing body of research advocating for more nuanced and equitable urban planning. By recognising the diverse needs of different demographic groups, particularly parents, our study underscores the importance of tailored urban design strategies over universal solutions.

Arthur Carmès, Léo Catteau, Andrew Sonta et al.

Understanding urban form is crucial for sustainable urban planning and enhancing quality of life. This study presents a data-driven framework to systematically identify and compare urban typologies across geographically and culturally distinct cities. Using open-source geospatial data from OpenStreetMap, we extracted multidimensional features related to topography, multimodality, green spaces, and points of interest for the cities of Lausanne, Switzerland, and Philadelphia, USA. A grid-based approach was used to divide each city into Basic Spatial Units (BSU), and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) were applied to cluster BSUs based on their urban characteristics. The results reveal coherent and interpretable urban typologies within each city, with some cluster types emerging across both cities despite their differences in scale, density, and cultural context. Comparative analysis showed that adapting the grid size to each city's morphology improves the detection of shared typologies. Simplified clustering based solely on network degree centrality further demonstrated that meaningful structural patterns can be captured even with minimal feature sets. Our findings suggest the presence of functionally convergent urban forms across continents and highlight the importance of spatial scale in cross-city comparisons. The framework offers a scalable and transferable approach for urban analysis, providing valuable insights for planners and policymakers aiming to enhance walkability, accessibility, and well-being. Limitations related to data completeness and feature selection are discussed, and directions for future work -- including the integration of additional data sources and human-centered validation -- are proposed.

Oladiran Johnson Abimbola, Taiwo Adewumi, Musa Abubakar

As the global climate changes, urban heat island (UHI) is a critical factor in ever expanding urban landscape, studying and mitigating the UHI is important for remediating climate change and providing for the human and ecosystem health within the urban area. This study has aimed to study the UHI in Lafia, a tropical city in Nigeria and its other impacted factors such as the land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), with the aim of mitigating the UHI effect. Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 together with Sentinel data has been used for this study, through the public archive of the Google Earth Engine data catalog, used also is the ERA5 data from the same data catalog. The result showed that the expanding city of Lafia is experiencing significant UHI with increase in temperatures in the city and adjoining areas, it was found that the vegetation cover in Lafia city is rapidly disappearing as a result of urbanization leading to more UHI and greater discomfort to the inhabitant of the city. Several remediation steps were suggested to mitigate the UHI effect in Lafia.

Mirko Degli Esposti, Armando Bazzani, Chiara Dellacasa et al.

This paper introduces a scalable methodology for the objective analysis of quality metrics across six major Italian metropolitan areas: Rome, Bologna, Florence, Milan, Naples, and Palermo. Leveraging georeferenced Street View imagery and an advanced Urban Vision Intelligence system, we systematically classify the visual environment, focusing on key metrics such as the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and the Façade Degradation Score (FDS). The findings quantify Structural Heterogeneity (Spatial Variance), revealing significant quality dispersion (e.g., Milan $σ^2_{\mathrm{PCI}}=1.52$), and confirm that the classical Urban Gradient -- quality variation as a function of distance from the core -- is consistently weak across all sampled cities ($R^2 < 0.03$), suggesting a complex, polycentric, and fragmented morphology. In addition, a Cross-Metric Correlation Analysis highlights stable but modest interdependencies among visual dimensions, most notably a consistent positive association between façade quality and greenery ($ρ\approx 0.35$), demonstrating that structural and contextual urban qualities co-vary in weak yet interpretable ways. Together, these results underscore the diagnostic potential of Vision Intelligence for capturing the integrated spatial and morphological structure of Italian cities and motivate a large national-scale analysis.

C. J. Atapattu, Xia Cui, N. R Abeynayake

This study employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to forecast key performance indicators (KPIs), Occupancy (OCC), Average Daily Rate (ADR), and Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR), across five major cities: Manchester, Amsterdam, Dubai, Bangkok, and Mumbai. The cities were selected for their diverse economic profiles and hospitality dynamics. Monthly data from 2018 to 2025 were used, with 80% for training and 20% for testing. Advanced time series decomposition and machine learning techniques enabled accurate forecasting and trend identification. Results show that Manchester and Mumbai exhibited the highest predictive accuracy, reflecting stable demand patterns, while Dubai and Bangkok demonstrated higher variability due to seasonal and event-driven influences. The findings validate the effectiveness of LSTM models for urban hospitality forecasting and provide a comparative framework for data-driven decision-making. The models generalisability across global cities highlights its potential utility for tourism stakeholders and urban planners.

Fariz Fadhlillah

This study was conducted in Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, to reevaluate the tactile paving installation system based on the movement patterns of visually impaired pedestrians in urban networks. Given the rising global prevalence of low vision and blindness, creating inclusive urban environments has become a critical health and social issue. The research aimed to address the gap in accessibility by focusing on how tactile paving can better align with the daily rhythms and needs of visually impaired individuals. Data collection involved interviews, and data analysis utilized a mixed-methods approach. Findings revealed that the movement patterns of visually impaired pedestrians are intricately connected to their essential activities. The study concludes that a hierarchical approach to tactile paving installation can improve efficiency, particularly in cities with limited funding, thus promoting broader and more effective development of inclusive urban networks. These insights are valuable for both immediate facility improvements and future transit-oriented development planning.

Marian Necula, Tudorel Andrei, Bogdan Oancea et al.

The modernization of offi cial statistics involves the use of new data sources, such as data collected through remote sensing. The document contains a description of how an urban green index, derived from the SDG 11.7 objective, was obtained for Romania's 41 county seat cities based on free data sets collected by remote sensing from the European and North American space agencies. The main result is represented by an estimate of the areas of surfaces covered with vegetation for the 40 county seat towns and the municipality of Bucharest, relative to the total surface. To estimate the area covered with vegetation, we used two data sets obtained by remote sensing, namely data provided by the MODIS mission, the TERRA satellite, and data provided by the Sentinel 2 mission from the Copernicus space program. Based on the results obtained, namely the surface area covered with vegetation, estimated in square kilometers, and the percentage of the total surface area or urban green index, we have created a national top of the county seat cities

Vini Netto, Caio Cacholas, Dries Daems et al.

Cities emerged independently across different world regions and historical periods, raising fundamental questions: How did the first urban settlements develop? What social and spatial conditions enabled their emergence? Are these processes universal or context-dependent? Moreover, what distinguishes cities from other human settlements? This paper investigates the drivers behind the creation of cities through a hybrid approach that integrates urban theory, the biological concept of morphospace (the space of all possible configurations), and archaeological evidence. It explores the transition from sedentary hunter-gatherer communities to urban societies, highlighting fundamental forces converging to produce increasingly complex divisions of labour as a central driver of urbanization. Morphogenesis is conceptualized as a trajectory through morphospace, governed by structure-seeking selection processes that balance density, permeability, and information as critical dimensions. The study highlights the non-ergodic nature of urban morphogenesis, where configurations are progressively selected based on their fitness to support the diversifying interactions between mutually dependent agents. The morphospace framework effectively distinguishes between theoretical spatial configurations, non-urban and proto-urban settlements, and contemporary cities. This analysis supports the proposition that cities emerge and evolve as solutions balancing density, permeability, and informational organization, enabling them to support increasingly complex societal functions.

José Lobo, Rimjhim M. Aggarwal, Marina Alberti et al.

Abstract There is a growing recognition that responding to climate change necessitates urban adaptation. We sketch a transdisciplinary research effort, arguing that actionable research on urban adaptation needs to recognize the nature of cities as social networks embedded in physical space. Given the pace, scale and socioeconomic outcomes of urbanization in the Global South, the specificities and history of its cities must be central to the study of how well-known agglomeration effects can facilitate adaptation. The proposed effort calls for the co-creation of knowledge involving scientists and stakeholders, especially those historically excluded from the design and implementation of urban development policies.

Raffael Beier

This article deals with methodological challenges and presents solutions for the study of people who depart from state-subsidized housing in Ethiopia, Morocco, and South Africa. Having sold or rented out their units, these people have left and now live at dispersed locations. Assuming that many “missing people” leave state housing because of project-related shortcomings, studying the reasons for their departure is crucial to understanding standardized housing programs. “Missing people” urge scholars to emphasize the afterlives of housing policy interventions as a necessary analytical dimension. However, such research is confronted with three major methodological challenges: How is it possible to approach and study people who have disappeared from the area of a housing intervention? How can one link exploratory, in-depth qualitative accounts, rooted in subjective perceptions of the everyday, to potential structural deficiencies of standardized housing interventions? What kind of methodologies may help take into account the temporalities of displacement and resettlement? In order to overcome these challenges, the article presents innovative forms of purposive sampling and discusses analytical strategies, which—based on Clapham’s framework of “housing pathways”—bridge relational and structural perspectives to housing programs.

Damir Galaz-Mandakovic

A partir de una metodología histórica y antropológica, se describe y analiza un caso de estudio urbano situado en Tocopilla (Chile), ciudad que, por efecto de la industrialización de la mina de Chuquicamata en 1915, a través de The Chile Exploration Company, atestiguó la instalación de una poderosa termoeléctrica que incluyó un Company town, el cual operó con las mismas normas aplicadas en el campamento de Chuquicamata. La termoeléctrica, que fue nacionalizada en 1971 y quedó bajo la gestión de CODELCO, fue privatizada en 1996. Así, la nueva empresa se desligó del rol paternalista y de control obrero y habitacional que ejercía, lo que permitió el surgimiento de un proceso que finiquitó el Company town. Nos interesa caracterizar el tránsito organizacional, material y semántico que se evidenció en dicho campamento desde 1996, entendido como un proceso que se desarrolló en una escena neoliberal y que hemos denominado la transición de una comunidad política hacia una comunidad im-política.

Haozhe Xie, Zhaoxi Chen, Fangzhou Hong et al.

3D city generation is a desirable yet challenging task, since humans are more sensitive to structural distortions in urban environments. Additionally, generating 3D cities is more complex than 3D natural scenes since buildings, as objects of the same class, exhibit a wider range of appearances compared to the relatively consistent appearance of objects like trees in natural scenes. To address these challenges, we propose \textbf{CityDreamer}, a compositional generative model designed specifically for unbounded 3D cities. Our key insight is that 3D city generation should be a composition of different types of neural fields: 1) various building instances, and 2) background stuff, such as roads and green lands. Specifically, we adopt the bird's eye view scene representation and employ a volumetric render for both instance-oriented and stuff-oriented neural fields. The generative hash grid and periodic positional embedding are tailored as scene parameterization to suit the distinct characteristics of building instances and background stuff. Furthermore, we contribute a suite of CityGen Datasets, including OSM and GoogleEarth, which comprises a vast amount of real-world city imagery to enhance the realism of the generated 3D cities both in their layouts and appearances. CityDreamer achieves state-of-the-art performance not only in generating realistic 3D cities but also in localized editing within the generated cities.

Dariusz Rajchel, Anna Rajchel

W strukturze przestrzennej miast oprócz terenów mieszkaniowych, usługowych, przemysłowych czy rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowych występują tereny poprzemysłowe, które wymagają określonych prac umożliwiających zmianę ich przeznaczenia. Na obszarach poprzemysłowych najczęściej wprowadza się funkcję usługową, np. handlową, czy mieszkaniową, np. lofty, ale występują również rejony, które mogą być przekształcone w teren zieleni z funkcją rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowo-sportową. Takim terenem jest Kamionka Piast w Opolu. Jest to obszar po byłej cementowni zlokalizowany w centralnej części miasta w pobliżu osiedli mieszkaniowych, terenów sportowych z infrastrukturą oświatową, zakładami naprawy taboru kolejowego. Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie działań podjętych przez miasto Opole związanych z rewitalizacją, rekultywacją oraz remediacją zdegradowanego terenu poprzemysłowego i przekształceniem go w jedno z atrakcyjniejszych miejsc Opola pod kątem wypoczynkowym, rekreacyjnym i przyrodniczym. Ponieważ prace związane z ożywieniem kamionki były wykonywane w ramach projektu, w artykule odwołano się do dokumentacji projektowej, aktów prawnych, lokalnych dokumentów strategicznych dotyczących rewitalizacji miejsc zdegradowanych, polskich i zagranicznych opracowań na ten temat. Kamionka Piast po rewitalizacji jest jednym z atrakcyjniejszych miejsc Opola pełniącym funkcję rekreacyjną, wypoczynkową, sportową, edukacyjną. Powstanie nowych osiedli, zwłaszcza mikroapartamentów, cieszy się dużą popularnością wśród studentów. Zachowanie cennych gatunków roślin i zwierząt oraz zabezpieczenie terenu przed degradacją wpłynęło na poprawę przestrzeni i krajobrazu.

Yanan Liu, Dujuan Yang, Harry J.P. Timmermans et al.

Biking contributes to a better environment by reducing short car trips and improving public health. The street-scale built environment affects the appeal of streets to cyclists, and thus influences route choice behaviour. This study develops a stated choice experiment that systematically varies eight attributes of the built environment to examine preference structure differences pertaining to the street-scale built environment among cyclists in the context of access/egress trip to a metro station. The environment is systematically varied in terms of road length, average number of building floors, retail frontage, cycling facilities at intersections, bike lane width, greenery, lamp density, and crowdedness. Eight hundred and three respondents completed the choice task using face to face interviews in Tianjin, China. Results suggest the existence of two latent classes of cyclists that differ in their preference for the street-scale built environment.

Erman Aksoy

Purpose The aim of this study is to obtain novel results in current conditions by evaluating the built environment with Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, in the prevention of crime in urban space. Design/Methodology/Approach The methods of this study; identification of CPTED theories, principles and implementation tools and CPTED principles are evaluated on a particular space due to the fact that the relationship between crime and space varies according to place-specific factors. Therefore, the vicinity of the Hacı Bayram Mosque was determined as the case study area and the physical-spatial characteristics of this area, which is a part of the historical, cultural, religious and tourism centre of the city of Ankara, were defined. Then, the transformation process of the area into a focus of crime and the crime data of 2009-2010 were evaluated with Crime Intensity Analysis to determine the crime types, rates and space-time relationship. It was evaluated whether crime data and CPTED principles were taken into account in the built environment created by the implementation of the 2010 urban design project in the renewal process of the case study area. Finally, with the inferences obtained for the development of CPTED principles and implementation tools, suggestions for the built environment in the study area were developed. Findings CPTED principles applied in urban design projects should be developed with factors such as time-space interaction in the built environment, change of crime types. Values to be preserved in cultural heritage sites and areas adjacent to sacred sites are not obstacles to the implementation of CPTED. Research Limitations/Implications The lack of crime data for the area after 2010 is the most important limitation of this study. Social/Practical Implications The methods and results of this study will contribute to the creation of safe urban spaces and to the planning literature and practices. Originality/Value It has been determined that the effectiveness in the time-space relationship, of the CPTED principles adopted in urban design projects, may decrease after the implementation.

Anna Carbone, Pietro Murialdo, Alessandra Pieroni et al.

Highly accurate estimates of the urban fractal dimension $D_f$ are obtained by implementing the Detrended Moving Average algorithm (DMA) on WorldView2 satellite high-resolution multi-spectral images covering the largest European cities. Higher fractal dimensions are systematically obtained for urban sectors (centrally located areas) than for suburban and peripheral areas, with $Df$ values ranging from $1.65$ to $1.90$ respectively.The exponents $β_s$ and $β_i$ of the scaling law $N^β$ with $N$ the population size, respectively for socio-economic and infrastructural variables, are evaluated for different urban and suburban sectors in terms of the fractal dimension $D_f$.Results confirm the range of empirical values reported in the literature. Urban scaling laws have been traditionally derived as if cities were zero-dimensional objects with the relevant feature related to a single homogeneous population value, thus neglecting the microscopic heterogeneity of the urban structure. Our findings allow one to go beyond this limit. High sensitive and repeatable satellite records yield robust local estimates of the Hurst and scaling exponents. Furthermore, the approach allows one to discriminate among different scaling theories, shedding light on the open issue of scaling phenomena, reconciling contradictory scientific perspectives and pave paths to the systematic adoption of the complex system science approach to urban landscape analysis.