Transitioning a strategy from backtest to live trading is a common failure point for quantitative systems due to parameter overfitting, selection bias, and sensitivity to regime changes. This paper presents the AlgoXpert Alpha Research Framework, a standardized protocol that evaluates strategies across three stages: In Sample (IS), which focuses on stable parameter regions instead of single optima; Walk Forward Analysis (WFA) using rolling windows and purge gaps to reduce information leakage, supported by majority pass and catastrophic veto rules; and Out of Sample (OOS) testing under strict parameter lock with no further tuning. The framework applies a defense in depth structure that includes structural safeguards such as cliff veto, execution controls such as spread and leverage guards, and equity protection mechanisms such as circuit breakers and a kill switch. A case study on USDJPY M5 intraday data demonstrates how to detect overfitting through performance decay and drawdown behavior across chronological stages. A post validation comparison of four alpha variants (v1 to v4) shows rank reversal when the objective changes from maximizing Sharpe to minimizing maximum drawdown, highlighting the trade off between risk adjusted performance and tail risk control.
This research aims to explore effective methods of disciplining emerging adults in Africa through an andragogical lens, emphasizing developmental appropriateness and cultural sensitivity. It recognizes the complex relationship between the Bible, traditional African values, and the changing socioeconomic environment. By promoting independence and responsibility, the study seeks to address discipleship guided by adult learning concepts. The study employed a qualitative methodology that involved conducting semi-structured interviews with educators, parents, and young adults from diverse African communities. A study of relevant literature clarified methods that uphold andragogical principles such as collaboration, reverence for the educational process, and encouragement of critical reflection. The discussions revealed a conflict between the new participatory biblical models that empower young adults and the old-fashioned hierarchy of discipleship. Suggestions include integrating participatory dialogue into disciplinary frameworks, emphasizing mentorship and guidance over authoritarian methods, and leveraging technology to establish inclusive learning environments for moral development. By situating discipleship within the broader context of andragogy, the study contributes to scholarship by offering culturally aware approaches that balance respect for African tradition with the evolving needs of emerging adults. It emphasizes how important it is to reconsider discipleship as a cooperative process that fosters lifelong learning and responsible citizenship. This work will be expanded in subsequent research on the integration of African values with modern methods of community development and discipleship education.
Franciscus X.E. Kristanto, Setya H. Purnomo, Harman Z. Laia
This study explores the intersection between the concept ‘kudu sumunar pindha baskara’ in the Sapta Darma Sesanti and the phrase ‘lampsatō to phōs humōn’ in Matthew 5:16. The central issue addressed is how these two concepts of light relate in ethical, spiritual and theological terms, and how their relationship may serve as a foundation for gospel contextualisation. The research employs a qualitative-critical approach through biblical text analysis (narrative hermeneutics) and a theological-cultural examination of Sapta Darma teachings via literature study and contextual interpretation. The findings reveal a similarity in the ethical dimension – namely, a call to live as light for others through open and constructive good works. However, a significant ontological difference emerges: Sapta Darma presents light as the emanation of human spirituality, whereas in Matthew 5:16, light originates from the relationship with Christ as the true light. In conclusion, the Sapta Darma Sesanti can serve as an effective starting point for gospel contextualisation, provided that the concept of light remains grounded in the Christological and soteriological framework central to Jesus’ message.
Contribution: This study contributes to the discourse on contextual theology by positioning local Sesanti as a medium for critical theological reflection. Furthermore, it enriches the methodology of gospel contextualisation in dialogue with the indigenous spirituality of the archipelago in a scholarly and responsible manner.
The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and applications has led to an increasingly complex security landscape. Developers of AI projects must contend not only with traditional software supply chain issues but also with novel, AI-specific security threats. However, little is known about what security issues are commonly encountered and how they are resolved in practice. This gap hinders the development of effective security measures for each component of the AI supply chain. We bridge this gap by conducting an empirical investigation of developer-reported issues and solutions, based on discussions from Hugging Face and GitHub. To identify security-related discussions, we develop a pipeline that combines keyword matching with an optimal fine-tuned distilBERT classifier, which achieved the best performance in our extensive comparison of various deep learning and large language models. This pipeline produces a dataset of 312,868 security discussions, providing insights into the security reporting practices of AI applications and projects. We conduct a thematic analysis of 753 posts sampled from our dataset and uncover a fine-grained taxonomy of 32 security issues and 24 solutions across four themes: (1) System and Software, (2) External Tools and Ecosystem, (3) Model, and (4) Data. We reveal that many security issues arise from the complex dependencies and black-box nature of AI components. Notably, challenges related to Models and Data often lack concrete solutions. Our insights can offer evidence-based guidance for developers and researchers to address real-world security threats across the AI supply chain.
High-dimensional learning problems, where the number of features exceeds the sample size, often require sparse regularization for effective prediction and variable selection. While established for fully supervised data, these techniques remain underexplored in weak-supervision settings such as Positive-Confidence (Pconf) classification. Pconf learning utilizes only positive samples equipped with confidence scores, thereby avoiding the need for negative data. However, existing Pconf methods are ill-suited for high-dimensional regimes. This paper proposes a novel sparse-penalization framework for high-dimensional Pconf classification. We introduce estimators using convex (Lasso) and non-convex (SCAD, MCP) penalties to address shrinkage bias and improve feature recovery. Theoretically, we establish estimation and prediction error bounds for the L1-regularized Pconf estimator, proving it achieves near minimax-optimal sparse recovery rates under Restricted Strong Convexity condition. To solve the resulting composite objective, we develop an efficient proximal gradient algorithm. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve predictive performance and variable selection accuracy comparable to fully supervised approaches, effectively bridging the gap between weak supervision and high-dimensional statistics.
The purpose of this article is to find out the influence of anisotropy on the process of analytization which causes the development of the future tense forms in the Germanic languages. The analytization of temporal (the future tense in particular) forms is connected with the separation of the initial formant in the analytical morphological temporal forms. The initial formant varies in the East, West, and North Germanic languages performing one and the same function of future time preference. Comparison of different Germanic languages gives the possibility to trace the gradual analytization of verb grammatical forms, and to find out individual group features which are characteristic for preterite-present and inchoative verbs.
The subject of the research is peculiarities of the factors which cause creation of initial formants in future tense forms. On the initial stage the Proto-Germanic verb group was characterized with the feature of isotropy. The weak features of primary anisotropy appeared when preterite-present and inchoative verbs were distinguished as initial formants. Simultaneously different verb groups reflecting heterogeneization of the initial formant created the background for formant anisotropy.
Heterogeneity and anisotropy are closely connected and influence each other. Primary anisotropy has biaxial feature. The first axis is based on the preterite-present group, the second one is represented in the inchoative group. This biaxial nature is preserved as a proto-background for the whole verb system. Having passed the process of gradual grammaticalization, inchoative verb group was transformed into the tense auxiliary verbs. Preterite-present verb group was heterogenized into present and past tense sub-groups. The stage of secondary heterogenization reflected secondary anisotropy with the same biaxial structure. Differentiated present and past auxiliary verb forms preserving biaxial structure got different functions strengthening heterogeneity which caused tertiary stage reflected in the tertiary anisotropy. It established confirmed forms for the future tense and the oblique mood where initial formants gained their final functional individuality.
Heterogeneity and anisotropy are closely connected processes; they both are responsible for the analytical verb forms development in the Germanic languages giving a motive force to the further development of the whole verb morphological structure pushing it from the stage of isotropy to the position of anisotropy differentiating initial and final formants of analytical forms which brought spare flexibility to the verb system of the Middle and New Germanic languages.
Keywords: analytization, anisotropy, inchoative verb, initial formant, grammaticalization, preterite-present verb.
Information about the authors: Bondarenko Valeria Valeriivna – PhD in English Philology, Associate Professor; Associate Professor at the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
Botsman Andriy Vasylovych – PhD in English Philology, Associate Professor; Associate Professor at the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
Dmytruk Olha Victorivna – PhD in English Philology, Associate Professor; Associate Professor at the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication; Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
E-mail: v.bondarenko@knu.ua; a.botsman@knu.ua; o.dmytruk@knu.ua
REFERENCES
Brugmann, K. & Delbrück, B. (1897). Grundriß der vergleichenden Grammatik den indogermenischen Sprachen. Strassbung: Fachbuchverlag [in German].
Helfenstein, J. (1876). Acomparative grammar of the Teutonic languages. London: MacMillan and Co. [in English].
Jellinek, M. H. & Hermann, P. (2017). Geschichte der gotischen Sprache. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter Mouton [in German].
Kurrelmeyewr, K. (1904). The Historical Development of the forms of the Future Tense in Middle High German. Strassburg: Gross [in English].
Nevalainen, T. (2004). Three perspectives on grammaticalization: Lexico-grammar, corpora and historical sociolinguistics. Corpus Approaches, to Grammaticalization in English. Amsterdam : John Benjamins, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.13.03nev [in English].
Randall, W. & Jones, H. (2015). On the early origins of the Germanic preteite-presents. Transactions of the Philological Society, 113(2), 137-176 [in English].
Rauch, I. (2003). The Gothic language: grammar, genetic provenance and typology reading. New York : P. Lang [in English].
Stig, K.J. George (2018). The preterite-present: an investigation into the underlying origin process. (PhD dis., University of Aberdeen)
[in English].
Tomaszewska, M. (2019). The investigation of surviving English preterite-present verbs (ōgan, cunnan, durran, magan, mōtan, sculan): a corpus-based study. (PhD dis., Uniwersyte Warszawski) [in English].
Voyles, J.B. (1992). Early Germanic Grammar: Pre-, Proto-, and Past-Germanic Languages. San Diego, California: Academic Press
[in English].
Welke, K. (2005). Tempus im Deutschen. Rekonstruktion eines semantischen Systems. Berlin, Ney York: Walter de Gruyter [in German].
Wessèn, E. (1956). Svenska språkhistoria. Grundlinjer till en historisk syntax. Stockholm: Academiska Bokhandeln.
RESOURSES
Chauc. – Chaucer, J. (1952) The Complete Works. Ed. By W. Skeat. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Gret. – Grettis Saga. Asmundansonar. Islenzk Fornrit. Bd. 7 : Reykjavik, 1936.
Hav. – Edda. Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. Hrsg. Von G. Neckel, 4. Umgearb. Aufl. Von H. Kuhn. Heidelberg, 1962.
H.B. – The Holy Bible. London, 1634.
H.H. – Bruder David von Augsburg. Deutsche Mysticker des vierzehnten Jahrn, Bd. 1. Göttingen, 1906–1907.
J. – Skeat, W. W. (1871–1887). The Lindisfare Gospel. The Holy Gospel, in Anglo-Saxon, Northumbrian and Old Mercian Versian. Cambridge: MacMillan and Co.
Njάl. – Njάls Saga. Reykjavi'k, 1944.
Wyclif – Forshall, J. & Madden, F. (1850). The Holy Bible in the Earliest English Versions Made from the Latin Vulgate. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Psalm 62:12, a poetic expression in the Hebrew Bible, serves as an
eloquent locus for deepening into the interplay of major concepts dealt with
in Judaism such as singularity and duality. Through a lens that integrates
traditional exegesis (especially the mystical insights of Sefer Yetzirah
upon these concepts), the verse unfolds as a tapestry of layers, although
a vast majority of its translations might overshadow some particularities
of the original text. The investigation begins with the singularity of God’s
utterance, symbolized by the phrase “One – God has spoken.” This could be
seen as a reference to the primordial utterance, to the idea that God’s speech
is not confined to a specific moment in time but encompasses the eternal
and ongoing act of creation. The duality encapsulated in “Two – have I
heard”, which embodies the perspective of the psalmist, invites reflection
on the dynamic of revelation and interpretation – a binary dance of divine
disclosure and human receptivity, as well as its edges. What role does
the idea of interpretation play within the singularity vs duality interplay?
Additionally, what perspectives or lenses are implied by the translations
predominantly chosen for this verse?
Son The Nguyen, Niranjan Uma Naresh, Theja Tulabandhula
This paper addresses the challenges of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values via preference learning (PL), focusing on incomplete and corrupted data in preference datasets. We propose a novel method for robustly and completely recalibrating values within these datasets to enhance LLMs' resilience against the issues. In particular, we devise a guaranteed polynomial time ranking algorithm that robustifies several existing models, such as the classic Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) (Bradley and Terry, 1952) model and certain generalizations of it. To the best of our knowledge, our present work is the first to propose an algorithm that provably recovers an $ε$-optimal ranking with high probability while allowing as large as $O(n)$ perturbed pairwise comparison results per model response. Furthermore, we show robust recovery results in the partially observed setting. Our experiments confirm that our algorithms handle adversarial noise and unobserved comparisons well in both general and LLM preference dataset settings. This work contributes to the development and scaling of more reliable and ethically aligned AI models by equipping the dataset curation pipeline with the ability to handle missing and maliciously manipulated inputs.
Bible “transmediation”—the adaptation of biblical texts to different media—is a relatively recent conceptual innovation that needs to be distinguished from Bible translation. People often assume that Scripture-based media communicate well provided they contain translated biblical words. Yet media products often differ from verbal texts. I elaborate a conceptual framework for Bible transmediation in relation to translation that offers both a theoretical basis and a practical tool. The goal of Bible transmediation is to present biblical narratives in different media that allow prospective audiences to understand Scripture as accurately and as clearly as possible. Transmediation is successful when the meaning that specific audiences gain from media products corresponds well with the biblical meaning that Bible transmediators intend to communicate through transmediation.
The chronological/genealogical narrative structure of the Hebrew Bible points to an editorial aim: to give a history of Israel as a nation from Creation to the 6th century BCE Babylonian exile and the return to the land of Israel, and in so doing to bring to life and unite two dead Near Eastern kingdoms. This article considers the scribes and editors who created the structure of the Hebrew Bible as forerunners of modern cultural nationalists, especially of defeated or endangered peoples, who sought the survival and growth of the nation in literature. However, the monotheisms that derived from Judaism, and adopted Hebrew scripture as sacred, rarely accepted the Bible as the translation or adaptation of a Jewish work in the Jewish national language mostly on Jewish soil and under Jewish government in the 1st millennium BCE. Rather, anti-Semites taught a genealogy of Jewish guilt to the world, with extra charges based on supersessionist theology and anti-Jewish fantasies.
Cruz García Lirios, Gilberto Bermúdez-Ruíz, Tirso Javier Hernandez Gracia
et al.
In the context of reproductive health, policies focused on decriminalising abortion that resulted in religious beliefs, attitudes and behaviours being affected. The main purpose of this article was to identify the religious beliefs of abortion in the emergency situations such as COVID-19. Although there is no general consensus regarding abortion, there is almost ‘general opposition to causing harm to life’ in most religions. In the current study, 28 indicators and four factors (seven for each factor) related to pregnancy termination were explored through an exploratory factor structure. The study was therefore non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory, with 100 students selected in a non-probabilistic way.
Contribution: The main contribution of this research is to find the variable effects on abortion in emergency conditions regarding religious beliefs. Given the results, behavioural intentions determine a structural model, but religious beliefs explain the solution. Furthermore, data generalisation is not possible due to the context, sample selection and type of analysis. In the local population, a confirmatory factor analysis should be performed with a probabilistic sample selection.
Edge computing is a promising technology that offers a superior user experience and enables various innovative Internet of Things applications. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimal edge server placement and workload allocation, which is known to be NP-hard. To this end, we explore the possibility of addressing this computationally challenging problem using quantum computing. However, existing quantum solvers are limited to solving unconstrained binary programming problems. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical solution that decomposes the original problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem and a linear program (LP) subproblem. The QUBO problem can be solved by a quantum solver, while the LP subproblem can be solved using traditional LP solvers. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the practicality of leveraging quantum supremacy to solve complex optimization problems in edge computing.
Humans have developed considerable machinery used at scale to create policies and to distribute incentives, yet we are forever seeking ways in which to improve upon these, our institutions. Especially when funding is limited, it is imperative to optimise spending without sacrificing positive outcomes, a challenge which has often been approached within several areas of social, life and engineering sciences. These studies often neglect the availability of information, cost restraints, or the underlying complex network structures, which define real-world populations. Here, we have extended these models, including the aforementioned concerns, but also tested the robustness of their findings to stochastic social learning paradigms. Akin to real-world decisions on how best to distribute endowments, we study several incentive schemes, which consider information about the overall population, local neighbourhoods, or the level of influence which a cooperative node has in the network, selectively rewarding cooperative behaviour if certain criteria are met. Following a transition towards a more realistic network setting and stochastic behavioural update rule, we found that carelessly promoting cooperators can often lead to their downfall in socially diverse settings. These emergent cyclic patterns not only damage cooperation, but also decimate the budgets of external investors. Our findings highlight the complexity of designing effective and cogent investment policies in socially diverse populations.
The Tien Mai, John A Lees, Rebecca A Gladstone
et al.
Quantification of heritability is a fundamental desideratum in genetics, which allows an assessment of the contribution of additive genetic variation to the variability of a trait of interest. The traditional computational approaches for assessing the heritability of a trait have been developed in the field of quantitative genetics. However, the rise of modern population genomics with large sample sizes has led to the development of several new machine learning based approaches to inferring heritability. In this paper, we systematically summarize recent advances in machine learning which can be used to infer heritability. We focus on an application of these methods to bacterial genomes, where heritability plays a key role in understanding phenotypes such as antibiotic resistance and virulence, which are particularly important due to the rising frequency of antimicrobial resistance. By designing a heritability model incorporating realistic patterns of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium for a frequently recombining bacterial pathogen, we test the performance of a wide spectrum of different inference methods, including also GCTA. In addition to the synthetic data benchmark, we present a comparison of the methods for antibiotic resistance traits for multiple bacterial pathogens. Insights from the benchmarking and real data analyses indicate a highly variable performance of the different methods and suggest that heritability inference would likely benefit from tailoring of the methods to the specific genetic architecture of the target organism.
Eswatini custom and church traditions indirectly and directly affect the way widowers handle their mourning period, after the demise of their better halves. Instead of mourning their loss of spouses for their spiritual, emotional, social and financial healing, widowers rush to remarry. This has resulted in dysfunctional marriages, ill health, financial crisis and sometimes death. This article has analysed the impact of the Eswatini custom and church traditions on widowers as emanating from the ‘throne’. The aim of this article therefore is to unpack some of the struggles faced by widowers, which often impacts them on their journey of life as they seek to relive life with another wife. It is in this regard that Nick Pollard’s method of positive deconstruction was used to enter the space of the widowers. Charles Gerkin’s shepherding model was incorporated in order to be able to journey with the troubled souls. The process will in turn heal them as they will be taught about the importance of mourning before remarrying.
Contribution: Widowers in Eswatini are the most vulnerable yet neglected in the kingdom of Eswatini. Patriarchy plays a major role, and in this case, it is men versus men power. Eswatini’s cultural practices and church practices have a major impact on widowers and may even shorten their lifespan.
El origen de este seminario fue la celebración del VII Centenario de la muerte de Santo Tomás de Aquino, el siete de marzo de 1974. En esta fecha se llevó a cabo una mesa redonda sobre el concepto de ciencia en Santo Tomás, confrontado con el concepto de ciencia moderna. De esta discusión nació la idea de la conveniencia de continuar con un seminario permanente sobre "Ciencia, Filosofía y Teología". Este esfuerzo interdisciplinar se ha empezado a concretar ya con la organización de dos seminarios consecutivos sobre el mismo tema de la integración o convergencia desde el punto de vista metodológico. (...)
La formación universitaria tiene hoy el reto de la formación integral de la persona. Las prácticas universitarias de formación explicitadas en los currículos deben dar razón del respecto por la dimensión humana en todas las expresiones: religiosa, cultural, territorial, étnica, educativa, vital, para que no sólo se tengan competencias para la producción, sino también para que lo humano sea cada vez más humano.
The article analyzes the cultural and civilizational consequences of a long experience of Ukrainians' perception of the biblical picture of the world and the corresponding principles of its development. The author's reasoning is based on the thesis that the very acquisition of the Bible as a sacred text created the space of a common language - the language of values and the language of symbols. The present "European world", even as a globalized phenomenon, has historically emerged as the embodiment of an ideal, symbolic "biblical world". In turn, the over-millennial affiliation of Christianized Ukraine to the "biblical world" has become an extremely important symbolic marker and cultural and ideological factor of civilization.
Adopting the principle of biblical historicism coupled with the idea of biblical history as a universal, universal Holy History of Salvation, our ancestors, along with other Christianized peoples, were given the chance to see themselves as full participants in world historical drama. The same universal principle led to the formation of a new model of interpersonal communication - communication, which united families and tribes in nations, and nations into international unity. We still know this unity as Europe - either staying in it or seeking to rebuild and strengthen its ties with it. And, despite the fact that this unity always seemed to be a political, cultural, civilizational unity, it was basically a spiritual and mental unity. The “biblical world”, as a center of norms and symbols, was embodied in the various social and cultural forms of the great Europe.
The author outlines a panorama of common cultural ideas and values that have been learned by our ancestors over a thousand years ago, the source of which is the biblical worldview. In particular, the idea (and at the same time the value) of indisputable and unceasing progress is analyzed — as the idea of historical progress in the development of each individual, each local society, as well as humanity as a whole. It is shown that the possibility of such progress is justified by the affirmation of the value of personal creative effort in the transformation of the world — an effort that involves creativity and initiative. The basis for the creative world transformation for the human development is the value of rational (including scientific) knowledge of the world.
However, it has been shown that the ideas of progressism, personal creative activism, rationalism and pragmatism in the European mentality are substantially counterbalanced by several important values, which are also of biblical origin. In this context, the idea of personal and collective responsibility for what humans is being done in the world is emphasized. This value — as the maxim of socially significant behavior — in our culture is a powerful safeguard for personal or group selfishness and particularism.These values can be realized in a system of constantly updating communities. Community, communication is the basis of a a fulfilling personal and collective life, both religious and secular.
On the concrete examples of the analysis of the reception of the European biblical experience by the figures of the Kiev theological tradition of the late XIX - early XX centuries, the author demonstrates the perception by the Kiev authors of this period of polyphonic unity of the European world, the normative and symbolic core of which was the Bible. The author reasonably argues that by comparing the foreign experience of mastering and applying the Bible with the domestic, "home" situation, Kiev theologian researchers objectively strengthened the idea of a universal "biblical world". The "biblical world" - as the unity of the spiritual-symbolic and ethno-geographical principles, is, to put it now, the "geopolitical phenomenon" - has been globalized and modernized. As a result, there were also challenges to Ukrainian culture and society. These challenges remain relevant every time we attempt modern Ukrainian state and national-cultural construction.
The author's current conclusion is that even now our self-awareness as Europeans, as full members of the global community of nations, requires us to read the Bible as a source of meaning shared with the rest of the world, with the experience of other nations.
We describe a cross-lingual transfer method for dependency parsing that takes into account the problem of word order differences between source and target languages. Our model only relies on the Bible, a considerably smaller parallel data than the commonly used parallel data in transfer methods. We use the concatenation of projected trees from the Bible corpus, and the gold-standard treebanks in multiple source languages along with cross-lingual word representations. We demonstrate that reordering the source treebanks before training on them for a target language improves the accuracy of languages outside the European language family. Our experiments on 68 treebanks (38 languages) in the Universal Dependencies corpus achieve a high accuracy for all languages. Among them, our experiments on 16 treebanks of 12 non-European languages achieve an average UAS absolute improvement of 3.3% over a state-of-the-art method.