Hasil untuk "Socialism. Communism. Anarchism"

Aditya Kumar Purohit, Aditya Upadhyaya, Nicolas Ruiz et al.

While most digital communication platforms rely on text, relatively little research has examined how users engage through handwriting and drawing in anonymous, collaborative environments. We introduce Graphonymous Interaction, a form of communication where users interact anonymously via handwriting and drawing. Our study analyzed over 600 canvas pages from the Graphonymous Online Space (GOS) CollaNote and conducted interviews with 20 users. Additionally, we examined 70 minutes of real-time GOS sessions using Conversation Analysis and Multimodal Discourse Analysis. Findings reveal that Graphonymous Interaction fosters artistic expression, intellectual engagement, sharing and supporting, and social connection. Notably, anonymity coexisted with moments of recognition through graphological identification. Distinct conversational strategies also emerged, which allow smoother exchanges and fewer conversational repairs compared to text-based communication. This study contributes to understanding Graphonymous Interaction and Online Spaces, offering insights into designing platforms that support creative and socially engaging forms of communication beyond text.

Andreas Haukland Larsen

I denne artikkelen blir for første gang den politiske biografien til Harald Liljedahl (1892–1940) undersøkt, som en inngang til å belyse spenningene i den norske arbeiderbevegelsens mest radikale fase. I tiden rundt fagopposisjonens maktovertakelse i 1918 var Liljedahl en nær støttespiller av Martin Tranmæl, men gikk etter hvert over til Mot Dag og ble en bitter motstander av både Tranmæl og en stadig mer moderat partiledelse. I løpet av sin relativt korte karriere rakk han å markere seg som en sentral aktør innenfor både soldatrådbevegelsen, arbeideridretten, fagbevegelsen og ungdomsforbundet. Jeg argumenterer for at Liljedahls revolusjonære idealisme, kompromissløse holdninger og sterke forankring i fagbevegelsen i denne perioden gjorde ham til et symbol på arbeiderbevegelsens revolusjonære energi, samtidig som det gjorde ham sårbar i en politisk situasjon som krevde taktisk fleksibilitet. Dette førte til at han raskt forsvant ut av det politiske bildet og ikke etterlot seg mange varige spor. Ved at blikket blir rettet mot en aktør som i mindre grad lar seg plassere innenfor de store ideologiske og organisatoriske kategoriene, står artikkelen i kontrast til en forskningslitteratur der disse strukturene ofte har vært i fokus. Liljedahls politiske utvikling kan dermed gi et nytt perspektiv på arbeiderbevegelsens indre dynamikker under splittelsene på 1920-tallet.

Isabelle Augenstein, Michiel Bakker, Tanmoy Chakraborty et al.

Social media platforms have traditionally relied on internal moderation teams and partnerships with independent fact-checking organizations to identify and flag misleading content. Recently, however, platforms including X (formerly Twitter) and Meta have shifted towards community-driven content moderation by launching their own versions of crowd-sourced fact-checking -- Community Notes. If effectively scaled and governed, such crowd-checking initiatives have the potential to combat misinformation with increased scale and speed as successfully as community-driven efforts once did with spam. Nevertheless, general content moderation, especially for misinformation, is inherently more complex. Public perceptions of truth are often shaped by personal biases, political leanings, and cultural contexts, complicating consensus on what constitutes misleading content. This suggests that community efforts, while valuable, cannot replace the indispensable role of professional fact-checkers. Here we systemically examine the current approaches to misinformation detection across major platforms, explore the emerging role of community-driven moderation, and critically evaluate both the promises and challenges of crowd-checking at scale.

AAVV

Número completo

Rapheal Cyril Igbudu, Rowanda Ahmed

This thesis conducts a focused literature review on online communities, centering on Stack Overflow, employing social network analysis and graph algorithms. It examines the evolving landscape of health information quality within the digital ecosystem, emphasizing the challenges posed and the multifaceted nature of quality. The significance of online communities, notably Stack Overflow, as hubs for social interaction and knowledge sharing is underscored. Proposing advanced approaches, the thesis introduces an ensemble deep learning model for traffic flow forecasting, an efficient multi-objective optimization method for influence maximization, and a graph convolutional neural network-based approach for link prediction.

Lucio La Cava, Andrea Tagarelli

Ensuring content compliance with community guidelines is crucial for maintaining healthy online social environments. However, traditional human-based compliance checking struggles with scaling due to the increasing volume of user-generated content and a limited number of moderators. Recent advancements in Natural Language Understanding demonstrated by Large Language Models unlock new opportunities for automated content compliance verification. This work evaluates six AI-agents built on Open-LLMs for automated rule compliance checking in Decentralized Social Networks, a challenging environment due to heterogeneous community scopes and rules. Analyzing over 50,000 posts from hundreds of Mastodon servers, we find that AI-agents effectively detect non-compliant content, grasp linguistic subtleties, and adapt to diverse community contexts. Most agents also show high inter-rater reliability and consistency in score justification and suggestions for compliance. Human-based evaluation with domain experts confirmed the agents' reliability and usefulness, rendering them promising tools for semi-automated or human-in-the-loop content moderation systems.

A. Balaraman, S. Maokosy, L. Slaton et al.

Successful careers are built on Skills (what you know), Occupational Identity (what you believe you can be) and Social Capital (who you know). Higher-ed spends significant resources in addressing the first, sometimes to the exclusion of the other two - which are difficult and expensive to teach and administer. This research specifically explores how near-peer mentoring programs, rather than a stand-alone opt-in guidance, can be integrated into the instruction/pedagogy by faculty at California community colleges. The research was conducted at 5 California community colleges (Reedley, Porterville, Coalinga, Solano and Glendale). A mixed-methods approach was used to gather social cognitive measures of student self-efficacy, occupational identity and social capital access. Measures were collected using survey instruments at the beginning of the mentoring program, and at its culmination. One of the most consistent measures observed across all the pilots was the increase in student self-efficacy of skills and competencies (3% - 7%) across colleges, geographies, and course formats after the mentoring program. Additionally, the research offers insights in implementing peer and near-peer mentoring programs that improve course completion, with significant instructional (and non-instructional) cost advantages.

Julia Mendelsohn, Sayan Ghosh, David Jurgens et al.

Social media enables the rapid spread of many kinds of information, from memes to social movements. However, little is known about how information crosses linguistic boundaries. We apply causal inference techniques on the European Twitter network to quantify multilingual users' structural role and communication influence in cross-lingual information exchange. Overall, multilinguals play an essential role; posting in multiple languages increases betweenness centrality by 13%, and having a multilingual network neighbor increases monolinguals' odds of sharing domains and hashtags from another language 16-fold and 4-fold, respectively. We further show that multilinguals have a greater impact on diffusing information less accessible to their monolingual compatriots, such as information from far-away countries and content about regional politics, nascent social movements, and job opportunities. By highlighting information exchange across borders, this work sheds light on a crucial component of how information and ideas spread around the world.

Maleknaz Nayebi, Bram Adams

Visual content in the form of images and videos has taken over general-purpose social networks in a variety of ways, streamlining and enriching online communications. We are interested to understand if and to what extent the use of images is popular and helpful in social coding platforms. We mined nine years of data from two popular software developers' platforms: the Mozilla issue tracking system, i.e., Bugzilla, and the most well-known platform for developers' Q/A, i.e., Stack Overflow. We further triangulated and extended our mining results by performing a survey with 168 software developers. We observed that, between 2013 and 2022, the number of posts containing image data on Bugzilla and Stack Overflow doubled. Furthermore, we found that sharing images makes other developers engage more and faster with the content. In the majority of cases in which an image is included in a developer's post, the information in that image is complementary to the text provided. Finally, our results showed that when an image is shared, understanding the content without the information in the image is unlikely for 86.9\% of the cases. Based on these observations, we discuss the importance of considering visual content when analyzing developers and designing automation tools.

N. Osipova

In this article, the author attempts to analyze the key components of radical ideological constructs that directly or indirectly justify ways to solve social problems in a radical and, as a rule, illegitimate way. Among such ideologies, researchers include anarchism and socialism, which are discussed in detail in this article.The English political philosopher W. Godwin is considered the pioneer of anarchism, and the first researcher who called himself an “anarchist” and introduced the term “anarchism” into circulation was the French socialist P.-J. Proudhon. Each country in Europe, North or South America and Asia has its own publicists, writers, public figures who defend anarchist views, anarchism has a long history in Russia, where the classics of anarchism grew up – M.A. Bakunin and P.A. Kropotkin.The author analyzes the theoretical core of anarchism, which is formed by a number of radical political constructions – anti-statism, natural order, anti-clericalism and a free economy. At the same time, it is noted that all anarchists categorically assert that both power and private property are the cause of all human misfortunes, and, as a rule, they identify themselves with the “poor and oppressed”. They call for a revolution on behalf of the “exploited masses”, as a result of which both capitalism and the state will be wiped off the face of the earth, actively promote “ anarchy and anarchist tactics”. By anarchist tactics is meant such a merciless violent struggle that will sweep away in its path all the institutions of slavery of the old system and all their representatives and defenders in order to create a new, free system, for the spirit of destruction is at the same time a creative spirit.The article also examines in detail the origins, essence and fundamental components of the socialist ideology, the radical varieties of which include Marxism and communism.The author substantiates the position that, in general, the ideology of socialism is close to the ideology of communism. However, the communist ideal is more radical: the communists advocate the complete socialization of production, the complete rejection of private property (in all forms) and the centralized distribution of benefits, which takes place within the framework of a specially organized form of government – the commune. Under communism, absolute equality of people must be established, a kind of ideal society must be established, where everyone will work to the best of their abilities and receive everything they need from society. It is this aspect of communism that is the pipe dream of its supporters, leaving it a social utopia, while the ideology of socialism put forward more specific and achievable goals.The fundamental economic, social and political reasons are analyzed, due to which the practical implementation of the ideology of socialism – the “socialist experiment” of the 20th century ended in complete failure. It is shown that it is the socialist ideology that significantly simplifies the transition to a totalitarian political system.

Soumita Das, Anupam Biswas, Akrati Saxena

Community detection in Social Networks is associated with finding and grouping the most similar nodes inherent in the network. These similar nodes are identified by computing tie strength. Stronger ties indicates higher proximity shared by connected node pairs. This work is motivated by Granovetter's argument that suggests that strong ties lies within densely connected nodes and the theory that community cores in real-world networks are densely connected. In this paper, we have introduced a novel method called \emph{Disjoint Community detection using Cascades (DCC)} which demonstrates the effectiveness of a new local density based tie strength measure on detecting communities. Here, tie strength is utilized to decide the paths followed for propagating information. The idea is to crawl through the tuple information of cascades towards the community core guided by increasing tie strength. Considering the cascade generation step, a novel preferential membership method has been developed to assign community labels to unassigned nodes. The efficacy of $DCC$ has been analyzed based on quality and accuracy on several real-world datasets and baseline community detection algorithms.

Anabella Gluj

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo recuperar la experiencia del sindicalismo norteamericano,  principalmente de la central American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), en su intervención en el marco del movimiento antiglobalización. Se propone un análisis de su participación en la llamada “Batalla de Seattle” ante la Conferencia de la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) en 1999 y, luego, su posterior protagonismo en la campaña de rechazo del ingreso de China a dicho organismo internacional. Especialmente, el trabajo focaliza en los límites y alcances que tuvo este fenómeno, indagando en la relación entre los sindicatos y el Partido Demócrata, en aquel entonces bajo la presidencia de Clinton.

Vilde Opdan Yttereng

Arbeiderbevegelsens internasjonale støttekomité (AIS) ble opprettet av Det norske Arbeiderparti og Landsorganisasjonen i Norge i 1969. Komiteen ble opprettet av ledelsen i partiet og fagorganisasjonen med formål om å samordne arbeiderbevegelsens støtte til forkjempere for frihet og demokratiske rettigheter. Bak opprettelsen av AIS lå det både en ideologisk og en organisatorisk hensikt. På den ene siden ble støttearbeidet en følge av grunnleggende ideologiske prinsipper som den norske arbeiderbevegelsen sluttet seg til. På den andre siden ønsket ledelsen å samordne støttearbeidet og bevege seg bort fra tverrpolitiske solidaritetskomiteer for å effektivisere arbeidet og samle og styrke arbeiderbevegelsen. Videre var opprettelsen av AIS et uttrykk for et bredt solidaritetsbegrep som hadde hatt feste i den norske arbeiderbevegelsen i hele etterkrigstiden. Samtidig var AIS et resultat av et mer globalt orientert og kritisk internasjonalt engasjement som hadde vokst frem i arbeiderbevegelsen i tiåret før opprettelsen av komiteen.

Pablo Volkind

En el artículo se analizan los alcances y los límites de la política que desplegó el Partido Comunista en el ámbito rural pampeano y el grado de influencia que lograron desplegar entre obreros rurales y chacareros durante su primera década de existencia. Se indaga sobre el contenido y derrotero de los debates sobre la cuestión agraria que se desplegaron en el seno del partido, las orientaciones que emanaron desde la conducción, las formulaciones teóricas a las que adscribieron en este período y la práctica política concreta que llevaron adelante los militantes de diversas localidades. A su vez, se repone el impacto de las cambiantes condiciones nacionales e internacionales y la incidencia de las orientaciones de la Internacional Comunista en las definiciones políticas locales. Durante los años 20 el PC logró difundir sus posiciones, impulsar la agremiación de jornaleros y agricultores y sembrar las semillas que germinarían en la década siguiente cuando cobraron un papel protagónico.

Nicolo' Brandizzi, Davide Grossi, Luca Iocchi

This paper focuses on the emergence of communication to support cooperation in environments modeled as social deduction games (SDG), that are games where players communicate freely to deduce each others' hidden intentions. We first state the problem by giving a general formalization of SDG and a possible solution framework based on reinforcement learning. Next, we focus on a specific SDG, known as The Werewolf, and study if and how various forms of communication influence the outcome of the game. Experimental results show that introducing a communication signal greatly increases the winning chances of a class of players. We also study the effect of the signal's length and range on the overall performance showing a non-linear relationship.

G. Antonacci, A. Fronzetti Colladon, A. Stefanini et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the growth of healthcare virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) through a seven-year longitudinal study conducted using metrics from social-network and semantic analysis. By studying online communication along the three dimensions of social interactions (connectivity, interactivity and language use), the authors aim to provide VCoP managers with valuable insights to improve the success of their communities. Design/methodology/approach: Communications over a period of seven years (April 2008 to April 2015) and between 14,000 members of 16 different healthcare VCoPs coexisting on the same web platform were analysed. Multilevel regression models were used to reveal the main determinants of community growth over time. Independent variables were derived from social network and semantic analysis measures. Findings: Results show that structural and content-based variables predict the growth of the community. Progressively, more people will join a community if its structure is more centralised, leaders are more dynamic (they rotate more) and the language used in the posts is less complex. Research limitations/implications: The available data set included one Web platform and a limited number of control variables. To consolidate the findings of the present study, the experiment should be replicated on other healthcare VCoPs. Originality/value: The study provides useful recommendations for setting up and nurturing the growth of professional communities, considering, at the same time, the interaction patterns among the community members, the dynamic evolution of these interactions and the use of language. New analytical tools are presented, together with the use of innovative interaction metrics, that can significantly influence community growth, such as rotating leadership.

M. Miles

repeal’. And so in the process of liberating people from the arbitrary force of the State, you are increasing the size and power of the State. Of course, many of the rightists calling out the left on this are immense hypocrites, but that does not change the facts. I am one of those heterodox nomads with roots in the far left who has grown to view Chomsky less as a radical than as a dinosaur. I say that as a sort-of analogy, but his favoured Anarcho-Syndicalism is a good example of how confused leftist Anarchism is. A mass system of direct democracy, common ownership of the means of production, with a bureaucracy of workers councils and a web of labour unions being used to manage and cast judgment. For me it is hard to see why they bother to distinguish this as ’Anarchism’, when it is more or less ’participatory’ or ’direct democratic’ Communism. But after considering myself an Anarchist for some years, I realised that this is the most common approach. If not exactly that, certainly something close to it. Myself, I cannot follow suit, for this embraces so many of the elements that I find problematic with the current system fixed ideology, formal government, mass society, bureaucracy, the valourisation of work. To again quote Landstreicher10 (who was in context referring specifically to Syndicalists), Anarchists of this inclination ”may talk of abolishing the state, but they will have to reproduce every one of its functions to guarantee the smooth running of their society.” A significant number of those who claim to be against the State are really against only a certain form of State – that ofminority rule andminority privilege. If Marx’s dream of a functioning ’dictatorship of the

Furkan Gursoy, Bertan Badur

This study proposes a novel network growth model named ComAwareNetGrowth which aims to mimic evolution of real-world social networks. The model works in discrete time. At each timestep, a new link (I) within-community or (II) anywhere in the network is created (a) between existing nodes or (b) between an existing node and a newcoming node, based on (i) random graph model, (ii) preferential attachment model, (iii) a triangle-closing model, or (iv) a quadrangle-closing model. Parameters control the probability of employing a particular mechanism in link creation. Experimental results on Karate and Caltech social networks shows that the model is able to mimic real-word social networks in terms of clustering coefficient, modularity, average path length, diameter, and power law exponent. Further experiments indicate that ComAwareNetGrowth model is able to generate variety of synthetic networks with different statistics.

Wayne Fife

Not Applicable

Valeria Navarro Rosenblatt

El presente artículo sigue la trayectoria de las dos instituciones progresistas judías existentes en Chile: la Sociedad Progresista Israelita (19381951) y el Centro Cultural Scholem Aleichem (1951-1964). Junto con explorar las actividades e ideas principales de cada una, la pregunta que persiste a lo largo del artículo es: ¿por qué se generó un silencio en torno al mundo progresista judío chileno? Las respuestas no son sencillas, ambas instituciones enlazan entre sí la historia del progresismo judío latinoamericano, la política comunista durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la Guerra Fría, y la historia chilena, cada una con sus matices y eventos importantes.