Hasil untuk "Philosophy"

S. Dray, A. Dufour

Multivariate analyses are well known and widely used to identify and understand structures of ecological communities. The ade4 package for the R statistical environment proposes a great number of multivariate methods. Its implementation follows the tradition of the French school of "Analyse des Donnees" and is based on the use of the duality diagram. We present the theory of the duality diagram and discuss its implementation in ade4. Classes and main functions are presented. An example is given to illustrate the ade4 philosophy.

G. Lakoff

B. Holben, T. Eck, I. Slutsker et al.

S. Buckland

C. Peterson, M. Seligman

K. Burnham, David R. Anderson

Noam Chomsky, M. Halle

B. Latour

B. Massumi

Maryam Alavi, D. Leidner

J. Butler

R. Tesch

M. Patton

J. Habermas

Saul A. Kripke

A. Carroll

D. Montgomery

K. Popper

T. Nagel

Shiming Yao, Jiajia Zhu, Yan Mu

Understanding public stigma against patients (also known as disease stigma)—negative attitudes or discriminatory responses toward individuals with a disease—is essential for improving health outcomes and fostering inclusive communities. In this study, 279 participants rated their responses toward eight disease groups (e.g., HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and depression). Using multiple factor analysis, we identified three components of disease stigma: exclusionary (e.g., avoidance and harmful evaluation), prosocial (e.g., sympathy and helping), and attribution (blame/responsibility). Confirmatory factor analysis supported this three-component structure. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed systematic differences across diseases: COVID-19 and schizophrenia elicited stronger exclusionary responses, depression evoked the strongest prosocial responses, and HIV/AIDS was associated with the highest attribution of blame. Linear mixed-effects models further indicated that perceived cultural tightness was positively associated with the attribution component, self-control was positively associated with the prosocial component, and higher self-esteem was linked to greater exclusionary responses. Furthermore, network analysis showed dense within-component clustering (e.g., trust—negative evaluation; sympathy—helping) and a peripheral positioning of attribution within the stigma network. These findings provide insights into the psychological components of disease stigma and its cultural and personal correlates, providing targets for component-specific stigma reduction strategies.