Hasil untuk "Periodicals"

C. Stringer, Tim Wang, Michalis Michaelos et al.

Many biological applications require the segmentation of cell bodies, membranes and nuclei from microscopy images. Deep learning has enabled great progress on this problem, but current methods are specialized for images that have large training datasets. Here we introduce a generalist, deep learning-based segmentation method called Cellpose, which can precisely segment cells from a wide range of image types and does not require model retraining or parameter adjustments. Cellpose was trained on a new dataset of highly varied images of cells, containing over 70,000 segmented objects. We also demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) extension of Cellpose that reuses the two-dimensional (2D) model and does not require 3D-labeled data. To support community contributions to the training data, we developed software for manual labeling and for curation of the automated results. Periodically retraining the model on the community-contributed data will ensure that Cellpose improves constantly. Cellpose is a generalist, deep learning-based approach for segmenting structures in a wide range of image types. Cellpose does not require parameter adjustment or model retraining and outperforms established methods on 2D and 3D datasets.

S. Burgess, G. D. Smith, N. Davies et al.

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at journal editors and reviewers seeking to assess Mendelian randomization manuscripts. The guidelines are divided into ten sections: motivation and scope, data sources, choice of genetic variants, variant harmonization, primary analysis, supplementary and sensitivity analyses (one section on robust statistical methods and one on other approaches), extensions and additional analyses, data presentation, and interpretation. These guidelines will be updated based on feedback from the community and advances in the field. Updates will be made periodically as needed, and at least every 24 months.

Radchenko Anna

The article attempts to analyse the well-established practice of a scientific journal to choose a particular financial model, as well as the types and features of these models. The author substantiates the need to define and clearly outline financial models on all journals websites following the requirements of global aggregators of scientific information, scientometric databases, the List of Scientific Professional Publications of Ukraine approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, and the Regulations on the Open Access Journal of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine approved by the relevant resolution. It is shown that among the periodicals of the NAS of Ukraine, the most modern is the group of “journals of the NAS of Ukraine,” and they are the most represented in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, as well as in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). These are the journals founded with the participation of the NAS of Ukraine as a legal entity, which is one-third of all periodicals of the Academy. However, even amongthem, only about 8 % have a clearly defined and described financial model on the website, which includes fees for preparing and/or publishing an article in open access (APC - Article Processing Charge). This situation demonstrates the necessity of paying attention to this issue as part of the modern publishing culture in the context of open access. Based on the results of the study, wecan recommend the journals of the NAS of Ukraine, as well as other scientific periodicals, to add the necessary information about the chosen financial model to their editorial policies and introduce differentiated fees depending on the authors’ affiliations. It can provide scientific journals with the resources necessary for further implementation of the open science principles in the European sense, develop their own websites with related content (open data, preprints, audio, video, 3D materials), increase the level of peer review, improve the quality of editing and print versions, etc. In the context of the on going Russian Ukrainian war, domestic scientific periodicals need to be more flexible and adaptive to present the achievements of science in open access adequately.

Izabella Łaba, Dmitrii Zakharov

If a finite set $A$ tiles the integers by translations, it also admits a tiling whose period $M$ has the same prime factors as $|A|$. We prove that the minimal period of such a tiling is bounded by $\exp(c(\log D)^2/\log\log D)$, where $D$ is the diameter of $A$. In the converse direction, given $ε>0$, we construct tilings whose minimal period has the same prime factors as $|A|$ and is bounded from below by $D^{3/2-ε}$. We also discuss the relationship between minimal tiling period estimates and the Coven-Meyerowitz conjecture.

Yusuf Yıldırım

Halil Edhem (Eldem) Bey, an individual with a European education, held various administrative and political positions in both the late Ottoman Empire and the early Republic of Türkiye. His tenure as Mayor of Istanbul, from August 2, 1909, to February 3, 1910, coincided with a period of significant political and social transformation following the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Monarchy. During this time, both the citizens of Istanbul and the government placed considerable expectations on Halil Edhem Bey. These included the reconstruction of the city, improvements in hospital services, enhanced cleanliness and public health measures, and better public transportation. Despite his efforts to address these demands, existing economic constraints severely limited his ability to implement reforms. Additionally, conflicts between the Şehremaneti (Municipality) and other Istanbul departments further hindered his capacity to deliver effective municipal services. This study examines Halil Edhem Bey’s appointment to the Istanbul Şehremaneti and his initiatives during his tenure, drawing primarily on archival documents, periodicals, newspapers, and secondary sources.

Lijuan Zhang, Yu Zhu, Shuman Wang et al.

Introduction The onset of cancer compels patients to grapple with existential questions. Enabling individuals with cancer, irrespective of the disease stage, to experience meaningful lives is of utmost importance in enhancing their overall quality of life. This study will synthesise qualitative research evidence to understand cancer patients’ perceptions and perspectives regarding their meaning in life. Such insights ultimately contribute to enhancing the profound experience of meaning throughout the life course of cancer patients.Methods and analysis The English and Chinese databases we will search include the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMbase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Two independent reviewers will assess the quality of the included studies using the standard JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research and extract data using the standard JBI Data Extraction Tool for Qualitative Research. The JBI meta-aggregation approach will be employed to compare, analyse and summarise the original results. To enhance confidence in the synthesised results of the qualitative study, the final synthesised study results will be graded using the JBI ConQual approach.Ethics and dissemination External ethical approval is not necessary for this review since it involves a retrospective analysis of publicly available primary data through secondary analysis. The findings of the review will be disseminated by publishing them in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023447664.

K. D. Kotelnikov

Import from Germany as a factor in the transportation crisis of the Russian Empire during World War I examines the importation of German transportation vehicles and equipment into Russia during the five years leading up to the First World War. Utilizing statistical data from German customs, this study sheds light on the extent to which German production contributed to Russian imports. Special attention is given to the presence of German automobiles in the Russian automobile fleet by 1914, as well as the consequences of prewar dependence on German machinery and other equipment. New sources, including materials from Russian and German periodicals, German customs statistics, and documents from the Federal Archives of Germany (Bundesarchiv), are introduced to provide a more complete understanding of the transportation crisis of 1916—1917. It is noted that Germanmade automobiles made up a significant portion of the Russian army’s vehicle fleet. The study concludes that dependence on German imports for industrial consumption undermined the potential of Russian industry, preventing it from increasing production sufficiently during the war years to meet transportation needs and contributing to the crisis.

Alisa A. Amosova

In their article, the author analyzes a critical point for the Soviet culture of the 1940s. This study is based on published sources, including data from periodicals, and unpublished materials from the archives of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The purpose of it is to determine the features of the temporal characteristics of the restoration stages of Leningrad’s housing and communal services during the years of the siege. The research tools used including those investigating concrete-historical issues, problem-chronological methods, historical reconstruction, as well as linguo-culturological analysis. The identification and systematization of temporal concepts are implemented through three blocks (typological, structural, semiotic) in the paper, concepts which have contributed to the study of the relationship between material culture and the temporal dimensions of the era. There were two stages of the revival of Leningrad’s urban economy during the war years which should be singled out. The specific character of the first stage (January 1942 - January 1943) was the combination of restoration with continued emergency activities, and the second stage (January 1943 - January 1944), when the government began introducing, the restoration of housing and communal services, while taking into account the plans for the development of Leningrad in the post-war period. The temporal characteristics of the first period were colored by “siege time,” broad aspirations for the future largely marred due the establishment of unrealistic deadlines for the implementation of decisions and plans, as well as determination of restoration priorities in accordance with the seasonality of tasks. The second period was also characterized by acceleration in the pace of work carried out in the city due to a release of increased labor and funding, however, there was a discrepancy between real and assumed time in the perception of the Leningrad authorities, and understanding of time in terms of the realistic limits of under their control.

Enrico Bortoletto, Niels Lindner, Berenike Masing

The Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP) is the standard mathematical tool for optimizing periodic timetabling problems in public transport. A solution to PESP consists of three parts: a periodic timetable, a periodic tension, and integer periodic offset values. While the space of periodic tension has received much attention in the past, we explore geometric properties of the other two components, establishing novel connections between periodic timetabling and discrete geometry. Firstly, we study the space of feasible periodic timetables, and decompose it into polytropes, i.e., polytopes that are convex both classically and in the sense of tropical geometry. We then study this decomposition and use it to outline a new heuristic for PESP, based on the tropical neighbourhood of the polytropes. Secondly, we recognize that the space of fractional cycle offsets is in fact a zonotope. We relate its zonotopal tilings back to the hyperrectangle of fractional periodic tensions and to the tropical neighbourhood of the periodic timetable space. To conclude we also use this new understanding to give tight lower bounds on the minimum width of an integral cycle basis.

Annellye Sistery Tacán Arteaga, María Fanny Cuatindioy Tapia, Yudy Marisol Enríquez Osorio

El presente artículo muestra el resultado de una investigación sobre la forma de transversalizar los valores ambientales, como estrategia pedagógica para el currículo de primer grado de la Institución Educativa Jorge Eliécer Gaitán de Orito, Putumayo, en el que se tomó como muestra, un grupo de 30 estudiantes del grado 1-2. La investigación toma relevancia cuando surge la pregunta ¿Cómo transversalizar los valores ambientales en una estrategia pedagógica para el currículo de primer grado de la Institución Educativa Jorge Eliecer Gaitán de Orito, Putumayo?, la misma que lleva al aporte de nuevos conocimientos sobre las formas de transversalizar las prácticas pedagógicas para promover los valores ambientales que deben adquirir los estudiantes de primer grado, siendo factible y pertinente la implementación de acciones desde el campo educativo mediante la flexibilidad del currículo y el diseño de una propuesta que contiene estrategias de educación ambiental. La propuesta se identifica como novedosa, porque propicia procesos educativos integrales e interdisciplinarios, donde se considera los valores ambientales como patrones de formación, para involucrar diferentes asignaturas mediante la planificación de temáticas ambientales en aras de propiciar un componente transversal acorde a la realidad del contexto. 

Yasmeen Sultana Faruqi

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">Urdu literature has a long standing and a very strong bond with journalism. Where a lot of our eminent writers have produced literary masterpieces; many have also gained recognition through newspaper columns.<span> </span>The history of column writing goes back to the end of 19th century when famous literary figures of that time started writing in columns for newspaper publications. This resulted in growing interest among the readers on one hand and on the other, consequently also produced higher sales for these dailies and periodicals. This continued even after the birth of Pakistan and along with columnists writing on serious issues, many humorists also turned towards column writing and started contributing in widely circulated newspapers. So much so that claim to fame for some of the newspapers was only because of the columns by the leading writers of the era.<span> </span>This article focuses on those literary giants who influenced a large section of the readers through their columns. These include Shaukat Thanvi, Majeed Lahori, Ibn-e-Inshaa, Ibraheem Jalees, Mushfique Khwaja and Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi. These are the authors whose columns are still fresh in people&rsquo;s minds.<span> </span>The works of these humorous columnists has been analyzed and their styles, topics of discussion and faculties of satire, have been deeply examined.</span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> 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Jette Jakobsen, Tue Christensen

ABSTRACT Vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2]constitute the vitamin D activity in food. In general, vitamin D activity in food depends on the food's fat content, the feed the animals have been fed, and the animal's exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light. There are many gaps in our knowledge of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in food, including the amount present in different types of food, and the amount we process in our daily dietary intake. We aimed to assess the vitamin D vitamers in food (eggs, milk, dairy products, chicken, veal, beef, and pork) on the Danish market using accredited analytical methods. We then combined these data with existing Danish data, as well as with the information from the Danish Dietary Survey to estimate the dietary intake of vitamin D3 and of 25(OH)D3 by Danes. We report the level of vitamin D in 10% minced pork from free‐range pigs slaughtered in summer as 1.39 μg vitamin D3/100 g and 0.40 μg 25(OH)D3/100 g, which are significantly higher amounts (p < 0.001) than in early spring. The levels of vitamin D2 and 25(OH)D2 are usually <0.05 μg/100 g, though in beef they are up to 0.14 μg/100 g. 25(OH)D3 accounts for up to 100% in veal and 8% in fat from free‐range pigs. In the Danish diet, the share of 25(OH)D3 is 24% for children (4–17 years) and 18% for adults (18‐75 years). Changes in animal‐feeding strategy in the agriculture sector could change the share of 25(OH)D3 to 11% and 12% if extra vitamin D3 is added to the feed, and the animals are exposed to sunlight or UVB lightlight. Replacing vitamin D3 by 25(OH)D3 in the feed may result in a share of 25(OH)D3 of 52% and 40%, respectively, in children and adults. These estimates are based on the assumption that vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 contribute equally to the vitamin D activity. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Daniel D Bikle

ABSTRACT The free hormone hypothesis postulates that only the nonbound fraction (the free fraction) of hormones that otherwise circulate in blood bound to their carrier proteins is able to enter cells and exert biologic effects. In this review, I will examine four hormone groups—vitamin D metabolites (especially 25OHD), thyroid hormones (especially thyroxine [T4]), sex steroids (especially testosterone), and glucocorticoids (especially cortisol)—that are bound to various degrees to their respective binding proteins—vitamin D‐binding protein (DBP), thyroid‐binding globulin (TBG), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol‐binding globulin (CBG)—for which a strong case can be made that measurement of the free hormone level provides a better assessment of hormonal status than the measurement of total hormonal levels under conditions in which the binding proteins are affected in levels or affinities for the hormones to which they bind. I will discuss the rationale for this argument based on the free hormone hypothesis, discuss potential exceptions to the free hormone hypothesis, and review functions of the binding proteins that may be independent of their transport role. I will then review the complications involved with measuring the free hormone levels and the efforts to calculate those levels based on estimates of binding constants and levels of both total hormone and total binding protein. In this review, the major focus will be on DBP and free 25OHD, but the parallels and differences with the other binding proteins and hormones will be highlighted. Vitamin D and its metabolites, thyroid hormones, sex steroids, and glucocorticoids are transported in blood bound to serum proteins. The tightness of binding varies depending on the hormone and the binding protein such that the percent free varies from 0.03% for T4 and 25OHD to 4% for cortisol with testosterone at 2%. Although the major function of the primary carrier proteins (DBP, TBG, SHBG, and CBG) may be to transport their respective lipophilic hormones within the aqueous media that is plasma, these proteins may have other functions independent of their transport function. For most tissues, these hormones enter the cell as the free hormone presumably by diffusion (the free hormone hypothesis), although a few tissues such as the kidney and reproductive tissues express megalin/cubilin enabling by endocytosis protein‐bound hormone to enter the cell. Measuring the free levels of these protein‐bound hormones is likely to provide a better measure of the true hormone status than measuring the total levels in situations where the levels and/or affinities of the binding proteins are altered. Methods to measure free hormone levels are problematic as the free levels can be quite low, the methods require separation of bound and free that could disturb the steady state, and the means of separating bound and free are prone to error. Calculation of free levels using existing data for association constants between the hormone and its binding protein are likewise prone to error because of assumptions of linear binding models and invariant association constants, both of which are invalid. © 2020 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Michele Casanova, Aaron Schindeler, Lauren Peacock et al.

ABSTRACT Fracture repair is a normal physiological response to bone injury. During the process of bony callus formation, a lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is formed de novo that evolves with callus remodeling. Our aim was the longitudinal assessment of the development and evolution of the LCN during fracture repair. To this end, 45 adult wild‐type C57BL/6 mice underwent closed tibial fracture surgery. Fractured and intact contralateral tibias were harvested after 2, 3, and 6 weeks of bone healing (n = 15/group). High‐resolution micro–computed tomography (μCT) and deconvolution microscopy (DV) approaches were applied to quantify lacunar number density from the calluses and intact bone. On histological sections, Goldner's trichrome staining was used to assess lacunar occupancy, fluorescein isothiocyanate staining to visualize the canalicular network, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to examine osteocyte apoptosis. Analysis of μCT scans showed progressive decreases in mean lacuna volume over time (−27% 2–3 weeks; −13% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar number density increased considerably between 2 and 3 weeks (+156%). Correlation analysis was performed, showing a positive linear relationship between canalicular number density and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and an inverse relationship between mean lacuna volume and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.001). Histology showed increases in canalicular number density over time (+22% 2–3 weeks, +51% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar occupancy in new bone of the callus was high (>90%), but the old cortical bone within the fracture site appeared necrotic as it underwent resorption. In conclusion, our data shows a progressive increase in the complexity of the LCN over time during fracture healing and demonstrates that this network is initiated during the early stages of repair. Further studies are needed to address the functional importance of osteocytes in bone healing, particularly in detecting and translating the effects of micromotion in the fracture. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Antonina Kizlova

In the Russian empire of the 19th century, every important event in the life of the ruling dynasty became newsbreak for various periodicals. On October 17, 1888, all the carriages of the imperial train were wrecked at Borki (Kharkiv province and eparchy). There were 23 victims and 35 badly wounded in the disaster, but the emperor Alexander III, his wife and children escaped without serious injury. In the view of the state religion, this miraculous salvation was considered to be a divine blessing and was consequently immortalized in an hermitage near Borki, by charitable institutions, etc. The study of these practices can help amplify the lore about the politics of remembering and representations of memory about the sovereign. The case of the Kharkiv region, where the crash took place is scantily investigated. This work deals with the materials about the Romanovs’ survival, published in both official and unofficial parts of the main Orthodox magazine of the Kharkiv eparchy during 1889–1915. The author studies the contexts of all mentionings about the disaster and concludes that these publications were connected mainly with annual commemorative events near Borki, but they were not the essential part of each October issue.

Damir D. Urazymbetov

Natalya Mikhailovna Suvorova is a Kazakh conductor and teacher who has brought up a galaxy of talented musicians who today work in the field of musical and theatrical art in Russia, Germany, Greece, Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to review and analyse the N. M. Suvorova’s creative activity at the Esik Pedagogical School and in the Music School at the Esik Humanitarian Gymnasium using the analysis of archival materials, periodicals, scientific works of Kazakh, Russian and foreign authors, as well as the interviewing method, which is valuable information from primary sources. The study identified the strokes to the N. M. Suvorova’s creative portrait, as well as some of the features of her teaching methods. The scientific significance of the article lies in the possibility of its theoretical and practical comprehension by students of specialized universities, novice choirmasters, teachers of musical disciplines in schools and secondary specialized educational institutions.

A. A. Valitov, D. Yu. Fedotova

The events of February 1917, presented on the pages of the church periodicals of Western Siberia, is examined in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for the first time in Russian historiography the political upheavals of this period have been analyzed on the basis of materials from regional diocesan records. The authors note that the diocesan records are an important historical source. A detailed analysis of the content of articles of Omsk, Tobolsk, Tomsk periodicals (“Diocesan Gazette”) on the presentation of the political events of February 1917 in them is carried out. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the attitude of the regional clergy to the revolutionary events in the period from February to April 1917. The presented results of the comparative analysis can be grouped according to the chronology and significance of the events that took place. The article concludes that it was during this period that one could hear the opinion of the Russian Orthodox Church on political changes in the country. It is noted that of particular interest were the issues of the relationship between the Church and the Provisional Government, this topic remained the most acute after the fall of the monarchy. It is shown that the representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church wanted to restore historical justice and receive autonomous government and independence from the secular authorities.

George E. Andrews, Vladimir Dragovic, Milena Radnovic

We study combinatorics of billiard partitions which arose recently in the description of periodic trajectories of ellipsoidal billiards in d-dimensional Euclidean and pseudo-Euclidean spaces. Such partitions uniquely codify the sets of caustics, up to their types, which generate periodic trajectories. The period of a periodic trajectory is the largest part while the winding numbers are the remaining summands of the corresponding partition. In order to take into account the types of caustics as well, we introduce weighted partitions. We provide closed forms for the generating functions of these partitions.

Tomohiko Konno

We verified that the deep learning method named reading periodic table introduced by ref. Deep Learning Model for Finding New Superconductors, which utilizes deep learning to read the periodic table and the laws of the elements, is applicable not only for superconductors, for which the method was originally applied but also for other problems of materials by demonstrating band gap estimations. We then extended the method to learn the laws better by directly learning the cylindrical periodicity between the right- and left-most columns in the periodic table at the learning representation level, that is, by considering the left- and right-most columns to be adjacent to each other. Thus, while the original method handles the table as is, the extended method treats the periodic table as if its two edges are connected. This is achieved using novel layers named periodic convolution layers, which can handle inputs exhibiting periodicity and may be applied to other problems related to computer vision, time series, and so on for data that possess some periodicity. In the reading periodic table method, no material feature or descriptor is required as input. We demonstrated two types of deep learning estimation: methods to estimate the existence of a bandgap, and methods to estimate the value of the bandgap given when the existence of the bandgap in the materials is known. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the dataset and model evaluation method. We may be unable to distinguish good models based on the random train-test split scheme; thus, we must prepare an appropriate dataset where the training and test data are temporally separate. The code and data are open.