In this study, pectin packaging films were enhanced with selected phenolic acids, including caffeic, coumaric, ferulic, gallic, protocatechuic, and sinapic acids. Edible films were created from apple pectin aqueous solutions that were plasticised with glycerol. The evaluation covered various properties, including optical, barrier, mechanical, thermal, structural, and antioxidant activity. The findings showed that phenolic acids are beneficial and compatible components for pectin films. A higher barrier against UV-VIS light and mechanical strength, as well as a more resilient structure, was observed. All the films exhibited a compact and uniform structure, along with transparency and a light colour. The addition of phenolic acids caused greater permeability to oxygen and carbon. Except for caffeic and protocatechuic acids, which resulted in lower values of permeability for both gases, the other acids improved gas transmission. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed several functional groups, including hydroxyl (−OH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups. All films containing phenolic acids demonstrated increased antioxidant activity, with variations depending on the specific compound.
Umm E. Salma, Muhammad Abdul Haq, Syed Arsalan Ali
et al.
The present study proposes a composite packaging system comprising two pouches: an outer layer made of moisture-resistant biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film and an inner layer using oxygen-barrier biodegradable polymer films, such as starch or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The biodegradable inner pouch enhances sustainability by reducing plastic waste, while the single-polymer composition of the outer pouch facilitates recyclability. The formulation of the inner biodegradable pouches was refined using starch/PVA, with glycerol as a plasticizer and tannic acid (TA) as a crosslinking agent. Results revealed that glycerol and TA concentrations significantly affected the film properties, and optimal ranges were identified to balance flexibility and barrier performance. Among the two biodegradable options, PVA films demonstrated superior packaging characteristics. A pouch-in-pouch system was developed, characterized, and tested for preserving red chili powder and deshelled peanuts stored under daylight at 40°C for seven weeks. Of the ten packaging configurations evaluated, the PVA-TA/BOPP combination showed exceptional preservation performance, with the lowest oxygen transmission rate and the ability to maintain 95% of chili powder pungency and American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value. Similarly, favorable moisture content and peroxide values were observed in deshelled peanuts. This research highlights the potential of biodegradable packaging systems, optimized through material selection and additive incorporation, to enhance food preservation in packaging applications.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
Ídila Maria da Silva Araújo, Deborah dos Santos Garruti, Ênio Giuliano Girão
et al.
Abstract This study investigated tourists’ perceptions, familiarity, and sensory acceptance of cashew-derived products in Beberibe, Ceará, Brazil—a major cashew-producing region and popular tourist destination. Recognizing the growing role of gastronomy in tourism, the research examined the potential of local cashew products to enhance gastronomic tourism and contribute to regional economic development. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining an online survey of 132 tourists with sensory tests of five cashew-based products: cashew juice, cajuina, cashew fruit confection, cashew syrup, and a plant-based croquette made from cashew fiber. The survey assessed tourists’ motivations to try local foods and their attitudes toward cashew products using a five-point Likert scale, while sensory evaluations applied a nine-point hedonic scale and a five-point purchase intent scale. Results indicated that most tourists were interested in trying new foods and valued consuming local food, particularly products from family farms. Moreover, participants reported that they would be more likely to purchase local food if informed about the region’s history, culture, and production processes. High levels of acceptance were observed for cashew fruit confection, cajuina, and the croquette, each achieving mean sensory scores of 8.0 or above. By integrating sensory testing with motivational and demographic analyses, this study underscores the potential of cashew products to promote gastronomic tourism and provides actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to strengthen marketing strategies and support local economic growth. Practical measures such as improved packaging, storytelling, and short marketing circuits may further enhance product visibility.
Sumanti Debby Moody, In-In Hanidah, Souvia Rahimah
et al.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahuntuk menentukan umur simpan amplang ikan remang dengan metode ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Testing) dengan pendekatan model Arrhenius dalam jenis kemasan plastik polipropilen dan metalized. Amplang remang disimpandalamsuhu akselerasi 28°C, 38°C, dan 48°C selama 35 hari dan dilakukan analisis pada parameter kadar air, asam lemak bebas, dan total plate count(TPC) setiap 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya kenaikan kadar air, kenaikan kadar asam lemak bebas, dan kenaikan total mikroorganisme pada amplang remang selama penyimpanan. Parameter asam lemak bebas digunakan sebagai parameter kritis penentuan umur simpan. Hasil menunjukan pada suhu penyimpanan 28°C, 38°C, dan 48°C, kemasan metalized lebih baik dalam mempertahankan mutu dan memperpanjang umur simpan amplang remangyaitu 130 hari, 118 hari, dan 108 hari, sedangkan dengan kemasan pastik PP amplang memiliki umur simpan 92 hari, 86 hari, dan 80 hari.
Kata kunci: Amplang ikan remang, Arrhenius, Asam lemak bebas, Umur simpan
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to determine the shelf life of Amplang Remang using the Accelerated Shelf LifeTesting (ASLT) method with an Arrhenius model approach for two types of packaging: polypropylene plastic and metalized. Amplang remang is stored atacceleratedtemperatures of 28°C, 38°C, and 48°C for 35 days, with analyses on moisture content, free fatty acids, and total plate count (TPC) parameters every 7 days. The results indicate an increase in moisture content, free fatty acids, and total microorganisms in Amplang Remang during storage. Free fatty acids are the critical parameter for determining shelf life. The results showed that at storage temperatures of 28°C, 38°C, and 48°C, metalized packaging was better at maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of Amplang Remang, with shelf life of 130 days, 118 days, and 108 days, while with polypropyleneplastic packaging, Ampang Remang has a shelf live of 92 days, 86 days, and 80 days.
Keywords: Amplang Remang, Arrhenius, Free fatty acids, Shelf life
Halimah O. Mohammed, Michael N. O’Grady, Maurice G. O’Sullivan
et al.
Edible brown seaweeds, sea spaghetti (SS) and Irish wakame (IW), were incorporated at 2.5% into the formulation of reduced-fat (fat reduced from 25% to 20%, 15%, and 10%) and -salt (sodium chloride—NaCl) (salt reduced from 2% to 1.5%, 1%, and 0.5%) pork sausages. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the reformulated sausages were analysed. Subsequently, shelf-life evaluation (lipid oxidation and microbiological analyses) was performed on selected sausages stored under aerobic (AP), MAP70/30 (70% N<sub>2</sub>:30% CO<sub>2</sub>), MAP80/20 (80% O<sub>2</sub>:20% CO<sub>2</sub>), and vacuum (VP) conditions. Relative to the control, seaweed sausages containing 10% fat had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) protein and 1.5% salt seaweed sausages had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) ash content. The addition of seaweed did not affect the pH of reduced-fat and -salt sausages, and cook loss increased in reduced-fat sausages. Reduced-fat and -salt seaweed sausages were darker in colour than the experimental controls. Based on sensory results, the most accepted sausages using SS and IW were 10% fat, 0.5% salt (SS10f/0.5s), and 15% fat, 1% salt (IW15f/1s), respectively. With regard to the shelf life of selected seaweed sausages, MAP70/30 (70% N<sub>2</sub>, 30% CO<sub>2</sub>) and VP (vacuum packaging) were the most effective approaches for the lipid oxidation and TVC (total viable counts), respectively.
In many industries, such as assembling, welding, packaging, quality control, loading, and wrapping, a specific operation is requested, which is to pick processed objects in a given area of the workspace and hold them there for a rather long time compared with picking. The current study aims to minimize the power consumed by robots in pick-and-place applications with long-term placing and short-term picking operations. The main contribution of the paper is in the development of an approach that ensures the low power required by the robot by selecting the best robot joint configuration for object placement and providing intelligent control of robot joints for object-picking. The proposed and tested methodology is based on the mutual solution of the forward kinematics, inverse kinematics, inverse statics, and reinforcement learning problems in robotics. An appropriate neural-network-based controller is designed. In this work, model development, simulation, and experimental stages are described. As a result, several MATLAB/Simulink™ models and simulation methods are designed for efficient robot control and an appropriate neural-network-based controller is developed. The experiment conducted on the IRB1600 robot demonstrates that up to 18% of the consumed power may be saved thanks to an optimally chosen joint configuration.
Multilayer packaging, commonly referred to as composite materials, is widely utilized in food storage, distribution, and consumption. The employment of plastic packaging, which consists of multiple layers of polymers, ink, paper, and metal, has elicited concerns regarding its detrimental impact on the environment. This article presents an in-depth study of the delamination process of multilayer plastic waste (MLPW) recycling, which is deemed as an effective solution for MLPW recycling. This study aimed to examine the effects of temperature, concentration, width, and ultrasound on the separation of layers in multilayer packaging. The results demonstrated that ultrasound is the most influential factor with nitric acid concentration ranking as the second most significant factor. The findings also disclosed considerable disparities among the time frames, and the impacts of various factors, such as temperature and concentration, lay the groundwork for further investigation into this process. The study underscores the importance of temperature and nitric acid concentration, which can inform the design of future experiments and the development of more efficient methods for layer separation.
In this paper, we present wafer-level packaging technology for surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters with higher long-term reliability and better electrical performance. This article focuses on the package structure, fabrication processes, and reliability for the SAW filter wafer-level package (WLP). The key processes, including cavity wall (CW) dam formation through non-photosensitive film vias development using a laser drilling process, a redistribution layer (RDL), and ball-grid array formation are developed. In addition, a numerical study based on the finite element model has been conducted to analyze the stress distribution of Cu RDL traces. In addition, the CW dam and the roof layer are covered with polymer, which solves the delamination problem between the CW dam and the substrate. Meanwhile, after practical verification, the SAW filter WLP was resistant to encapsulating pressure using a high elastic modulus capping material, which solved the collapse problem. Additionally, a comparison of the RF filter package’s electrical performance following the preconditional level 3 and unbiased highly accelerated stress test revealed no differences in insertion attenuation across the passband (<0.2 dB, standard value: 1 dB). The final packages passed the reliability tests in the field of consumer electronics.
Tomasz Gajewski, Tomasz Garbowski, Natalia Staszak
et al.
As long as non-contact digital printing remains an uncommon standard in the corrugated packaging industry, corrugated board crushing remains a real issue that affects the load capacity of boxes. Crushing mainly occurs during the converting of corrugated board (e.g., analog flexographic printing or laminating) and is a process that cannot be avoided. However, as this study shows, it can be controlled. In this work, extended laboratory tests were carried out on the crushing of double-walled corrugated board. The influence of fully controlled crushing (with a precision of ±10 μm) in the range from 10 to 70% on different laboratory measurements was checked. The typical mechanical tests—i.e., edge crush test, four-point bending test, shear stiffness test, torsional stiffness test, etc.—were performed on reference and crushed specimens. The residual thickness reduction of the crushed samples was also controlled. All empirical observations and performed measurements were the basis for building an analytical model of crushed corrugated board. The proven and verified model was then used to study the crushing effect of the selected corrugated board on the efficiency of simple packages with various dimensions. The proposed measurement technique was successfully used to precisely estimate and thus control the crushing of corrugated board, while the proposed numerical and analytical techniques was used to estimate the load capacity of corrugated board packaging. A good correlation between the measured reduced stiffness of the corrugated cardboard and the proposed analytical predictive models was obtained.
Navid Pishkar, Mohammad ali Nasimi, Maryam Rahmati
The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model and classify the antecedents and consequences of the green supply chain in the parts industry. The study method is qualitative content analysis and the main tool for data collection is semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using a combination of directional and summary content analysis techniques. The identified factors include 29 open codes that were inserted in the form of seven main categories and at the end, using Max Kyoda software, classification and conceptual model were drawn. Reliability using kappa coefficient was equal to 0.960, which is at the level of excellent agreement. The results show that the 7 components identified in the antecedents and consequences of the green supply chain in the component manufacturing industry include; Supplier and green purchase, green design and packaging, green production, green distribution and marketing, environmental management, education and research, reverse logistics. The components of education and research and reverse logistics have emerged as new components in this research. Today, in a competitive environment, global organizations have realized that improving environmental performance can set them apart from their competitors
Purpose. Identification and methodological substantiation of ways to increase the unitized cargo transportation efficiency, which would increase the trucking company profits and the manufacturer quality customer service. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: the method of theoretical generalization and systematization to determine the peculiarities of formation of the rational routes of cargo transportation in different conditions; the analytical method to determine the factors influencing the feasibility of adopting a certain strategy of the trucking company to improve the transportation efficiency; comparison to analyze strategies to increase the cargo transportation efficiency of the trucking company when using routes of different types. Findings. The relationship between the organizational structure effectiveness of the production enterprise management and the probable problems in choosing the type of route for goods delivery to customers is defined. The authors proved that the efficiency of unitized cargo transportation depends on a well-defined strategy of increasing the road transport efficiency. Based on the conducted research the influence of economic and organizational factors on expediency of the decision concerning rational strategy of transportation efficiency maintenance is estimated. Three types of strategies are proposed, the content of which is reflected in the receipt of additional profit by the transport company from the production enterprise, when using pendulum routes by saving its resources (return of returnable packaging) and by finding cargo on the way back, as well as using delivery-assembling routes while minimizing fines for late goods delivery. The dependence visualization of the amount of the trucking company profit on the type of strategy adopted allows us to assess the prospects for the introduction of certain types of freight vehicles routes. Originality. Methodical approaches to ways substantiation of the trucking company profit increase, choosing their rational route according to the efficiency increase strategy of unitized cargo transportations from the manufacturer to clients have received further development. Practical value. The obtained results are aimed at improving the methodological approaches to optimizing the unitized cargo routes, based on the choice of two types of routes in certain conditions, the first is the pendulum route with simultaneous receipt of applications for goods delivery, the second – the delivery-assembling routes, taking into account fines for late delivery.
Transparent windows on food packaging can effectively highlight the actual food inside. The present study examined whether food packaging with transparent windows (relative to packaging with food‐ and non-food graphic windows in the same position and of the same size) has more advantages in capturing consumer attention and determining consumers’ willingness to purchase. In this study, college students were asked to evaluate prepackaged foods presented on a computer screen, and their eye movements were recorded. The results showed salience effects for both packaging with transparent and food-graphic windows, which were also regulated by food category. Both transparent and graphic packaging gained more viewing time than the non-food graphic baseline condition for all the three selected products (i.e., nuts, preserved fruits, and instant cereals). However, no significant difference was found between transparent and graphic window conditions. For preserved fruits, time to first fixations was shorter in transparent packaging than other conditions. For nuts, the willingness to purchase was higher in both transparent and graphic conditions than the baseline condition, while the packaging attractiveness played a key role in mediating consumers’ willingness to purchase. The implications for stakeholders and future research directions are discussed.
Abstract Genome packaging is a fundamental process in a viral life cycle and a prime target of antiviral drugs. Herpesviruses use an ATP-driven packaging motor/terminase complex to translocate and cleave concatemeric dsDNA into procapsids but its molecular architecture and mechanism are unknown. We report atomic structures of a herpesvirus hexameric terminase complex in both the apo and ADP•BeF3-bound states. Each subunit of the hexameric ring comprises three components—the ATPase/terminase pUL15 and two regulator/fixer proteins, pUL28 and pUL33—unlike bacteriophage terminases. Distal to the nuclease domains, six ATPase domains form a central channel with conserved basic-patches conducive to DNA binding and trans-acting arginine fingers are essential to ATP hydrolysis and sequential DNA translocation. Rearrangement of the nuclease domains mediated by regulatory domains converts DNA translocation mode to cleavage mode. Our structures favor a sequential revolution model for DNA translocation and suggest mechanisms for concerted domain rearrangements leading to DNA cleavage.