Hasil untuk "Organizational behaviour, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture"

Herbert A Simon

Abstract The original manuscript by Herbert A. Simon, titled “Organizational Behavior and Rational Behavior,” was never published in English but appeared in its French translation, “Comportement organisationnel et comportement rationnel,” in the August–September 1955 issue of Connaissance de l’Homme, a French Journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities (1954–1956). The Journal’s Editor-in-Chief, Roger Souchère, was an architect and a prominent figure in the French Resistance during World War II. Here, we present the English manuscript containing Simon’s handwritten notations. Presumably written no later than the first half of 1955, this version—corrected by Simon himself—corresponds exactly to the published French translation.

هوشنگ بختیاری طالقانی, یوسف زین العابدین, محمد رضا سلیمی سبحان

چکیده:هدف این پژوهش شناخت عوامل ساختاری موثر بر جغرافیای فرهنگی ایران وتاثیرات هویت مذهبی دوره صفویه بر این سازماندهی فضایی است.با توجه به چنین امری پژوهش حاضراز نظر ماهیت تبیینی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر رویکرد تاریخی-مفهومی در چارچوب ژئوکالچر است.در این مقاله انتظام جغرافیای فرهنگی ایران به مثابه برآیند سه مولفه جغرافیا،مذهب و ساختار قدرت سیاسی تحلیل می شود.شاهان ایران به‌طور مداوم در انتظام بخشی به فرهنگ و تمدن این سرزمین تلاش کرده‌اند. اما بعد از دوره‌هایی، دودمان صفویه با تمرکز بر مذهب تشیع در یک مقطع سرنوشت‌ساز تاریخی توانست ایران را به "ملت-دولت" مستقل، خودمحور، نیرومند و مورد احترام در جهان آن روز تبدیل کند. با روی کار آمدن سلسله صفویه حکومت بر اساس اندیشه واحدسازی ملی از طریق مذهب تشیع انتظام یافت و این روند در دوره‌های بعدی استمرار و به غنای آن افزوده شده است.بر این اساس می توان اذعان نمود که حکومت ها در بستر جغرافیایی فلات ایران با مولفه های فرهنگی-مذهبی(تشیع) و شیوه های حکمرانی در ادوار مختلف تاریخی در شکل دهی به انسجام هویتی،یکپارچگی سرزمینی و ثبات فرهنگی-سیاسی نقش آفرینی کرده اند.در این چارچوب مذهب تشیع به عنوان یک عنصر ژئوکالچری هم نقش اتسجام بخش داخلی و هم کارکرد تمایزبخش منطقه ای داشته است.بر این اساس ایران می‌تواند با ترکیب سنت و مدرنیته و با استفاده از ظرفیت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی-ژئوکالچری خود الگویی پایدار از انتظام فرهنگی در منطقه بحران‌زده خاورمیانه ارائه دهد.

Rouhollah Honarmand, Habib Roodsaz, Reza Vaezi et al.

The aim of the current research was to find self-organizing insights to understand organizational change and transformation. For this purpose and in order to find the answer to the research question, a systematic literature review method was used. The statistical population includes all qualitative and quantitative articles related to the research topic in the period from 2000 to 2024; By searching in scientific databases, 83 articles were identified. After evaluating the quality of the articles, 32 related articles were selected to answer the research question. The data obtained from the articles and literature were analyzed and combined using the theme analysis strategy. The research results showed that self-organization contains insights for organizational change and transformation. First) the combined actions of individual factors bring about organizational change; Second) the principles of self-organization reject the idea of planned and intentional change; Third) Organizations tend to change and evolve in a dynamic, non-linear and self-organizing manner; 4) flexible structure, is required for Self-organized change; Fifth) employee participation, is required for Self-organized change.

رسول فلاح زرگران, علی فقیه حبیبی, کیوان صداقتی

یکی از گام‌های مهم توسعۀ فرهنگی، حمایت مؤثر از حقوق و آزادی‌های فردی است که این مهم در هیچ نظام حقوقی بدون امنیت قانونی امکان‌­پذیر نیست.  مردم باید نسبت به حقوق و وظایف خود آگاه باشند و بتوانند نتیجۀ اعمال حقوقی را پیش‌­بینی کنند. در این مرحله، اصل امنیت حقوقی به‌­عنوان یک اصل پویا مطرح می‌­شود که ایستایی نظام حقوقی را خدشه‌­دار می‌کند؛ ازاین­‌رو، هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر به­‌شیوۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی، تبیین جایگاه توسعۀ فرهنگی پایدار جهت نیل به امنیت حقوقی پایدار است. نتایج این پژوهش گویای آن است که شناخت هرچه دقیق‌­­تر و درست‌­­تر توسعۀ فرهنگی پایدار و درنهایت رسیدن به امنیت حقوقی پایدار، از ضرورت و اهمیتی انکارناپذیر برخوردار است. توسعۀ فرهنگی درپی آن است تا برخلاف مبانی فکری غرب در جهان که راهی برای سلطۀ سرمایه‌­داری غرب بر بشریت است، با رویکردی اسلامی، درونی و بومی به بهره‌مندی از پیامدهای مؤثر بیرونی توسعه بپردازد و به شناخت عمیقی از  باورها و ارزش‌های ملی و محلی فرهنگ جامعه دست یابد تا بتواند گامی درجهت جهانی‌­کردن فرهنگ خود بردارد. علاوه‌ ­بر این، توسعۀ فرهنگی مبتنی ­بر تعالیم وحیانی می‌تواند در جامعه ایفای نقش کند و بر تحقق امنیت حقوقی تأثیرگذار باشد.

Ayten Bengisu Cansever

At first glance, although Umberto Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose seemingly depicts a murder in 14th-century medieval Italy, it whispers to its readers about the power held by the church, the conflicts between religious orders, philosophy, the dominant worldview of the era, knowledge production and dissemination, librarianship, and the dark Europe of the Middle Ages. In academic literature, The Name of the Rose has been extensively studied in terms of its literary techniques, symbols, and narrative structure. A review of the literature reveals studies to have focused on various aspects, including semiotic analyses, discussions on postmodern literary techniques and symbols, interrogations of scientific knowledge and reality, analyses of detective and murder plots, examinations of library science and librarianship, explorations of mass media and sociology of religion, and the integration of literary works with the history of science and philosophy. In contrast to the existing literature, this study employs a critical discourse analysis using the Foucauldian paradigm of knowledgepower-subject relations to scrutinize the character relationships, narrative structure, and other defining elements presented in Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose. This study’s findings suggest the novel’s narrative construction of church authority to be aimed at maintaining its legitimacy by controlling the production and distribution of knowledge. As places where knowledge is preserved and disseminated, libraries in this context are portrayed differently from their contemporary understanding and are depicted as structures that store and protect books. Furthermore, Eco reconfigures the relationship among knowledge, power, and subject in the transition from a theocentric to an anthropocentric worldview, allegorically portraying the first steps of the Enlightenment era in his narrative. In conclusion, this study is envisioned to inspire future research endeavors by unveiling the intricate relationship among knowledge, power, and subject from a Foucauldian perspective through the lens of The Name of the Rose. While this study is confined to the analysis of The Name of the Rose, future investigations comparing how different literary works or artistic expressions address this relationship could offer deeper insights.

Supharat Jaiboon

The purpose of this research was to study the current state of parcel supervision in the general student bureau. The research model was descriptive research studying key informants, namely 22 general education personnel and 6 general education lecturers, totaling 28 people. Data collection was conducted by interviewing using an interview form that has been verified for content validity by experts and analyzing the content of the qualitative data (Content Analysis).The results of the study revealed that the current state of parcel supervision in which the General Student Office had carried out the collection, recording, disbursement of supplies, borrowing, maintenance, inspection and disposal. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Finance on Public Procurement and Supplies Administration B.E. 2560 (2017) in all respects, the findings from this study are as follows: 1. Officers working on parcels should closely follow the news of changes in regulations for effective administrative operations.2. Development of information systems for use in tracking parcels such as scanning systems. Barcodes are attached to the equipment to facilitate the inspection of parcels.3. Increasing the frequency of tracking parcels more than once, in addition to annual parcel inspections.

Anette Forssten Seiser, Ulf Blossing

Sustainability is increasingly being understood as vital for school improvement. The objective of this study is to expand our knowledge of practice architectures that enable and constrain the realisation of sustainable development by restructuring school organisations to facilitate professional learning. In this follow-up study, we return to one of the three municipalities that were involved in an earlier project from 2009 to 2011. The theory of practice architectures is used as an analytic tool to identify and analyse actions that have an impact on the municipality’s efforts to realise sustainable school improvement. The results reveal dissimilarities between the investigated municipality’s school organisation and the preschool organisation. In the case of the school organisation, the dominating practice architectures disrupt the realisation of sustainable development, while in the case of the preschool organisation they are continuous and foster the same. One disruptive practice architecture in the school organisation is the idea of the autonomous principal, which disturbs the progression of a distributed leadership. In the preschool organisation, the superintendents are crucial for facilitating participation in professional learning.

Anders Buch

This article discusses the role of practices and people’s participation in practices in conceptual accounts of organizing, learning, and organizational learning. Specifically, the discussion takes its point of departure in Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger’s account of learning as legitimate peripheral participation in practices, and Theodore Schatzki’s practice theory account of organizing and organizations. Both accounts center on the role of practices as people come to know, and as changes occur in social activity and organizational settings. However, the two accounts are based on different ontologies. Borrowing the terminology of John Dewey and Arthur Bentley, Lave and Wenger instantiate a substantivist, and ultimately individualist, ontology, whereas Schatzki’s event ontology is relational. It is argued that both ontologies have merits of their own, but the article seeks to integrate the two approaches by utilizing Ole Dreier’s notion of the life trajectories of persons across social practices. In this perspective, organizational learning shows when people’s life trajectories are affected by the bundles of social practices they engage with, and when the bundles of social practices are transformed by the way people enact the practices.

Birthe Lund

Aktuelle bæredygtighedspædagogiske diskurser taler for udvikling af empowerment kritisk tænkning og holdningsændring. Dermed trækkes spor til 70’ernes kritiske pædagogik og aktivistiske græsrodsbevægelser, og derfor analyseres forholdet mellem forestillingsevne, kritik og (pædagogisk) handlen med særlig fokus på udvikling af handlekompetence, der er knyttet til bæredygtig udvikling. FN’s Verdensmål fremstår som en diskursiv ramme for bæredygtighedspædagogikken og adresserer centrale værdispørgsmål som lighed og retfærdighed, og dermed udfordres forskellige demokratiforståelser og dermed også dannelsesidealer. Bæredygtighedspædagogikken tematiserer forholdet mellem individuel handling og samfundsmæssige behov med krav om adfærdsændringer og bidrager til at politisere pædagogikken. Klimaforandringer og miljøødelæggelse skaber emotionelle reaktioner, der kan blive drivkraft for miljøaktivisme, som det blev tydeligt i 70’erne, men også kan føre til opgivelse, apati eller handlingslammelse. Tvind Folkehøjskoles bygning af verdens største og teknisk mest avancerede vindmølle i 70’erne analyseres som en markant handlingsorienteret pædagogik, hvis fysiske produkt fik betydning for både vindmølleindustrien og miljøet og synliggjorde en historisk set tæt og kompleks sammenhæng mellem miljøpolitisk aktivisme, kritisk pædagogik og handlekompetence samt ikke mindst den samfundsmæssige betydning af forestillingsevne og teknologisk fantasi. Teoretisk og metodisk er artiklen inspireret af Michel Foucaults diskursanalytiske perspektiv (dvs. magt/modmagt) og C. Wright Mills’ begreber om sociologisk fantasi fra 1959. Derudover inddrages John Deweys pragmatiske handlebegreb og Wolfgang Klafkis dannelsesforståelse.

Pranas Žukauskas, Jolita Vveinhardt, Regina Andriukaitienė

Hossein Damghanian, Abbasali Rastegar, Mohammad Yazdani Ziarat

The purpose of this study is to examine the interpersonal communication competencies (ICC) in the organization and identification of its components as well as determine the quality of interaction between them.This research is an applied and developmental as well as analitical and quantitative and the use of interpretive structural modeling method. The statistical population of the research in the analytical section is a group of academic experts and in the quantitative section is all personals of North Khorasan Governmental Executive Agencies; that 17 peoples of experts by using snowball sampling and 373 peoples of personals by using Stratified random sampling were selected as statistical sample. The data collection tools in the analytical section were a researcher made matrix table and in the quantitative section were standard questionnaires that were distributed among the statistical sample after determining their validity and reliability. The results in the analytical section showed important components of  ICC were Empathy, Altercentrism, Self disclosure, Conflict Management, Interaction management, Supportiveness, Flexibility, assertiveness, Social Relaxation, Expressiveness, Immediacy, influencing others and goal orientation that at five different levels of interaction have a positive and significant relationship with together. This Results can help managers and employees to Identifying and strengthening their ICC for achieve effective organizational communications.

Albert Linderman

In Rapid City, South Dakota, community, business, nonprofit, and faith communities leaders, along with a number of citizens across all demographics, are collaborating in a unique plan to create quality of life for all its citizens. Named Rapid City Collective Impact (RCCI), this initiative began with the vision of several local philanthropists and has expanded quickly throughout the community. Cultural anthropologist Albert Linderman along with expertise from community based systems dynamics experts Don Greer, Megan Odenthal, and Christine Capra have formed a facilitative “backbone” organization for RCCI. Based on the model for “Collective Impact” made popular by an article by a Stanford Innovation Review article by authors John Kania and Mark Kramer, organizations and programs serving Rapid City citizens are committed to significantly increasing the amount of collaboration occurring within the social service sector, while business and other community leaders work to leverage newly understood leverage points within the intersecting systems of the city which often limits ability to address entrenched social issues.

Riane Eisler

This article briefly describes the two main strands of a new unified theory about human nature and human possibilities: cultural transformation theory and bio-culturalism. Bio-culturalism combines findings from neuroscience about how our brains develop in interaction with our environments with findings from the study of relational dynamics, a new method of social analysis focusing on what kinds of relations—from intimate to international—a particular culture or subculture supports. Bio-culturalism recognizes that our species has a vast spectrum of genetic capacities, ranging from consciousness, caring, empathy, cooperation, and creativity to insensitivity, cruelty, exploitation, and destructiveness, and proposes that which of these capacities are expressed or inhibited largely hinges on the nature of our cultural environments. Cultural transformation theory looks at the whole span of human cultural evolution from the perspective of the tension between the contrasting configurations of the partnership system and the domination system as two underlying possibilities for structuring beliefs, institutions, and relationships. The article describes the core components of partnership- and domination-oriented societies, provides examples of each, and proposes that our future hinges on accelerating the cultural transformation from domination to partnership in our time of nuclear and biological weapons and the ever more efficient despoliation of nature, when high technology guided by an ethos of domination and conquest could take us to an evolutionary dead end.

Antonella Riem Natale

This article briefly describes the innovative research undertaken by the Partnership Studies Group based at the University of Udine (Italy), which, since 1998, has been investigating the possible configurations of a partnership model within contemporary world literatures, language, and education. Partnership Studies draw upon non-binary and trans-disciplinary paradigms as propounded by Riane Eisler, and have been demonstrating their strength and potentialities as epistemological and methodological instruments of transcultural consciousness and awareness, capable of fostering harmonious understanding and relations of reciprocity rather than domination among different cultures.

fattah sharif zadeh, javad sadeghi

Today, participation has been considered as one of the major and important concepts in the process of sustainable development. Administration and urban planners have always tried to get citizen involve in this process. Related scholars have dealt with those variables which influence citizen participation and involvement. This study utilized different means of data and information collection. Findings revealed that taking advantage of participative activity benefits, free time, citizen social confidence and urban administrative accountability were analyzed as having significant factors affecting municipality affairs performance. If urban administrations tend to better achieve organization goals and objectives, according to study findings, they need to cultivate a culture of public participation in their working life. In addition, holding