Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

M. Henchion, M. Hayes, A. Mullen et al.

A growing global population, combined with factors such as changing socio-demographics, will place increased pressure on the world’s resources to provide not only more but also different types of food. Increased demand for animal-based protein in particular is expected to have a negative environmental impact, generating greenhouse gas emissions, requiring more water and more land. Addressing this “perfect storm” will necessitate more sustainable production of existing sources of protein as well as alternative sources for direct human consumption. This paper outlines some potential demand scenarios and provides an overview of selected existing and novel protein sources in terms of their potential to sustainably deliver protein for the future, considering drivers and challenges relating to nutritional, environmental, and technological and market/consumer domains. It concludes that different factors influence the potential of existing and novel sources. Existing protein sources are primarily hindered by their negative environmental impacts with some concerns around health. However, they offer social and economic benefits, and have a high level of consumer acceptance. Furthermore, recent research emphasizes the role of livestock as part of the solution to greenhouse gas emissions, and indicates that animal-based protein has an important role as part of a sustainable diet and as a contributor to food security. Novel proteins require the development of new value chains, and attention to issues such as production costs, food safety, scalability and consumer acceptance. Furthermore, positive environmental impacts cannot be assumed with novel protein sources and care must be taken to ensure that comparisons between novel and existing protein sources are valid. Greater alignment of political forces, and the involvement of wider stakeholders in a governance role, as well as development/commercialization role, is required to address both sources of protein and ensure food security.

N. Akseer, Goutham Kandru, E. Keats et al.

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage health and economic metrics globally, including progress in maternal and child nutrition. Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. This review highlights key areas of concern for maternal and child nutrition during and in the aftermath of COVID-19 while providing strategic guidance for countries in their efforts to reduce maternal and child undernutrition. Rooted in learnings from the exemplars in Global Health's Stunting Reduction Exemplars project, we provide a set of recommendations that span investments in sectors that have sustained direct and indirect impact on nutrition. These include interventions to strengthen the food-supply chain and reducing food insecurity to assist those at immediate risk of food shortages. Other strategies could include targeted social safety net programs, payment deferrals, or tax breaks as well as suitable cash-support programs for the most vulnerable. Targeting the most marginalized households in rural populations and urban slums could be achieved through deploying community health workers and supporting women and community members. Community-led sanitation programs could be key to ensuring healthy household environments and reducing undernutrition. Additionally, several COVID-19 response measures such as contact tracing and self-isolation could also be exploited for nutrition protection. Global health and improvements in undernutrition will require governments, donors, and development partners to restrategize and reprioritize investments for the COVID-19 era, and will necessitate data-driven decision making, political will and commitment, and international unity.

Kumera Neme, A. Nafady, S. Uddin et al.

Ensuring food security in developing countries is highly challenging due to low productivity of the agriculture sector, degradation of natural resources, high post farming losses, less or no value addition, and high population growth. Researchers are striving to adopt newer technologies to enhance supply to narrow the food demand gap. Nanotechnology is one of the promising technologies that could improve agricultural productivity via nano fertilizers, use of efficient herbicides and pesticides, soil feature regulation, wastewater management, and pathogen detection. It is equally beneficial for industrial food processing with enhanced food production with excellent market value, elevated nutritional and sensing property, improved safety, and better antimicrobial protection. Nanotechnology can also reduce post-farming losses by increasing the shelf life with the aid of nanoparticles. However, further investigation is required to solve the safety and health risks associated with the technology.

M. Lavanya, ·. S. Karthick, Raja Namasivayam et al.

Hyunju Kim, Emily A Hu, C. Rebholz

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between ultra-processed food intake and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Design Prospective analyses of reported frequency of ultra-processed food intake in 1988–1994 and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality through 2011. Setting The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994). Participants Adults aged ≥20 years (n 11898). Results Over a median follow-up of 19 years, individuals in the highest quartile of frequency of ultra-processed food intake (e.g. sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, sweetened milk, sausage or other reconstructed meats, sweetened cereals, confectionery, desserts) had a 31% higher risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for demographic and socio-economic confounders and health behaviours (adjusted hazard ratio=1·31; 95% CI 1·09, 1·58; P-trend = 0·001). No association with CVD mortality was observed (P-trend=0·86). Conclusions Higher frequency of ultra-processed food intake was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in a representative sample of US adults. More longitudinal studies with dietary data reflecting the modern food supply are needed to confirm our results.

Mingming Zhang, Meiqin Li, Fang Wang et al.

Tea aroma is significantly influenced by hydrogen carbonate (HCO3−) in brewing water. This study investigated the impact of HCO3− in water on the aroma of brewed tea infusions using sensory evaluation, headspace solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. As the concentration of HCO3− in water increased, the purity of tea aroma diminished, while attributes related to cooked flavors and sweetness intensified; this effect is particularly pronounced at high temperatures and prolonged brewing times. HCO3− changed the concentration of volatiles, resulting in a significant decrease in concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, β-ionone, and other compounds. Furthermore, the presence of HCO3− markedly decreased EGCG content while increasing GCG content in tea infusion; these variations in catechin concentrations were correlated with changes in dimethyl sulfide and β-ionone concentrations. These findings enhance the understanding of flavor chemistry concerning tea and water, provide valuable insights for the scientific selection of tea brewing water.

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM), Claude Lambré, Riccardo Crebelli et al.

Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM) assessed the safety of the recycling process KREYENBORG IR Clean+ (universal) (EU register number RECYC329). The input is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post‐consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non‐food consumer applications. The flakes are heated in a continuous infrared (IR) dryer (step 2) before being processed in a finisher reactor (step 3). Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that both steps are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the efficiency of these critical steps are temperature, air/PET ratio and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process ensures that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.0481 or 0.0962 μg/kg food, depending on the molar mass of a contaminant substance. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long‐term storage at room temperature or below, with or without hot‐fill. Articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.

Man Zhao, Ruwen Guan, Kai Wang et al.

This study evaluates the effects of pre-harvest chitooligosaccharide (COS) application on the quality of Cabernet Gernischt grapes and wine. Grapevines were sprayed with 0.37 mM COS and 0.1 % Tween 80 at fruit expansion (CE), veraison (CV), and maturity (CM) stages, for the control (CK), water was used with 0.1 % Tween 80. Post-harvest, the physicochemical properties, phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, color attributes, and sensory characteristics of the grapes and wine were analyzed. COS treatment promoted the physicochemical indicators, phenolic substances, antioxidant capacity and color quality of grapes compared to CK, thus improving the quality of wine. Sensory evaluation showed the sensory quality of wine treated with COS is superior to that of CK, especially for the CM stage produced the best sensory quality. These findings demonstrate that COS is an effective plant elicitor for enhancing red wine grape and wine quality, offering a practical approach to improving sensory and physicochemical attributes.

Jingchen Bi, Rodrigo Mesa-Arango

This paper utilizes a machine learning model to estimate the consumer's behavior for food products with innovative transportation certificates in the U.S. Building on previous research that examined demand for food products with supply chain traceability using stated preference analysis, transportation factors were identified as significant in consumer food purchasing choices. Consequently, a second experiment was conducted to pinpoint the specific transportation attributes valued by consumers. A machine learning model was applied, and five innovative certificates related to transportation were proposed: Transportation Mode, Internet of Things (IoT), Safety measures, Energy Source, and Must Arrive By Dates (MABDs). The preference experiment also incorporated product-specific and decision-maker factors for control purposes. The findings reveal a notable inclination toward safety and energy certificates within the transportation domain of the U.S. food supply chain. Additionally, the study examined the influence of price, product type, certificates, and decision-maker factors on purchasing choices. Ultimately, the study offers data-driven recommendations for improving food supply chain systems.

Ariana Tang, Naveen Raman, Fei Fang et al.

Volunteer-based food rescue platforms tackle food waste by matching surplus food to communities in need. These platforms face the dual problem of maintaining volunteer engagement and maximizing the food rescued. Existing algorithms to improve volunteer engagement exacerbate geographical disparities, leaving some communities systematically disadvantaged. We address this issue by proposing Contextual Budget Bandit. Contextual Budget Bandit incorporates context-dependent budget allocation in restless multi-armed bandits, a model of decision-making which allows for stateful arms. By doing so, we can allocate higher budgets to communities with lower match rates, thereby alleviating geographical disparities. To tackle this problem, we develop an empirically fast heuristic algorithm. Because the heuristic algorithm can achieve a poor approximation when active volunteers are scarce, we design the Mitosis algorithm, which is guaranteed to compute the optimal budget allocation. Empirically, we demonstrate that our algorithms outperform baselines on both synthetic and real-world food rescue datasets, and show how our algorithm achieves geographical fairness in food rescue.

Manogna R. L., Nishil Kulkarni

The financialization of agricultural commodities and its impact on food security has become an increasing concern. This study empirically investigates the role of financialization in global food markets and its policy implications for a stable and secure food system. Using panel data regression models, moderating effects models, and panel regression with a threshold variable, we analyze wheat, maize, and soybean futures traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. We incorporate data on annual trading volume, open interest contracts, and their ratio. The sample consists of five developed countries (United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany) and seven developing countries (China, Russia, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Vietnam, Thailand), covering the period 2000 to 2021. The Human Development Index (HDI) serves as a threshold variable to differentiate the impact across countries. Our findings indicate that the financialization of agricultural commodities has negatively affected global food security, with wheat and soybean showing a greater adverse impact than maize. The effects are more pronounced in developing countries. Additionally, we find that monetary policy has the potential to mitigate these negative effects. These results provide insights for policymakers to design strategies that ensure a secure and accessible global food supply.

Okan Buyuktepe, C. Catal, Gorkem Kar et al.

Recently, the global food supply chain has become increasingly complex, and its scalability has grown. From farm to fork, the performance of food‐producing systems is influenced by significant changes in the environment, population and economy. These changes may cause an increase in food fraud and safety hazards and hence, harm human health. Adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the food supply chain is one strategy to reduce these hazards. Although the use of AI has been rising in numerous industries, such as precision nutrition, self‐driving cars, precision agriculture, precision medicine and food safety, much of what AI systems do is a black box due to its poor explainability. This study covers numerous use cases of food fraud risk prediction using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques, such as LIME, SHAP and WIT. We aimed to interpret the predictions of a machine learning model with the aid of these technologies. The case study was performed on a food fraud dataset using adulteration/fraud notifications retrieved from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed system and economically motivated adulteration database. A deep learning model was built based on this dataset and XAI tools have been investigated on the proposed deep learning model. Both features and shortcomings of the current XAI tools in the food fraud area have been presented.

Xiaozhong Wang, Zhengxia Dou, Shi Feng et al.

M. van Zonneveld, R. Kindt, S. McMullin et al.

Significance Africa’s “forgotten” food crops could support more climate-resilient and healthful food systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but the promotion of these crops has received limited attention. Projecting forward to the year 2070, we show that a prioritized collection of these crops, differentiated by food groups, has high potential to diversify cropping systems of major staples to support climate-resilience and nutrition in the SSA region. Our analysis, contextualized by subregions within SSA as a whole, informs practitioners, researchers, and policymakers on the use of Africa’s forgotten food crops in the diversification of food supply for healthy diets in a changing climate.

Zahra Rostampoor, Sima Afrashteh, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah et al.

Abstract Background In Iran, not only the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing but also the age of patients at diagnosis is alarmingly dropping. We need urgent actions to better understand the epidemiology of CRC and the contributing factors for such pattern in Iranian population. The aim of our study was to determine the potential contribution of lifestyle, including dietary pattern, to CRC in a large Iranian province. Methods A hospital based case-control study was performed on 572 participants (275 cases and 297 controls). Patients in the case group were newly diagnosed with CRC in a referral hospital and patients in the control group were selected from those patients with non-malignancy diseases who were admitted to the same hospital. Control group was frequency matched to the case group for gender and age. Results Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, direct associations were observed between usual pattern of defecation (OR> 3rd /every day =4.74, 95% CI: 1.78–12.59), chicken consumption (ORsometimes or always/occasionally = 6.33, 95% CI:3.23–12.43), family history of CRC (ORyes/no =5.79, 95% CI: 2.72–12.31), and alcohol consumption (ORyes/no =6.03, 95% CI: 2.14–16.98) with the odds of CRC among the study population. On the other hand, taking multivitamins (ORyes/no=0.09, 95% CI:0.04–0.20), consumption of coffee (ORalways/occasionally =0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.69), taking vitamins D supplement (ORyes/no =0.38,95% CI:0.22–0.66), and consumption of garlic (ORsometimes/occasionally =0.53,95% CI: 0.30–0.95) significantly reduced the odds of CRC. Conclusions We revealed potentially significant effects of several lifestyle related factors with CRC risk in Iranian population. More studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the associated factors in developing CRC.

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti et al.

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for the renewal of the authorisation of l‐cystine as nutritional feed additive. The additive is authorised for use in all animal species (3c391). The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed concluded that the use of the feed additive in animal nutrition remains safe for the target species, the consumers and the environment. As regards the safety for the user, l‐cystine is not an irritant to skin or eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. Exposure by inhalation of persons handling the additive cannot be excluded. The present application for the renewal of the authorisation does not include any modification proposal that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive and therefore there is no need for reassessing the efficacy.

Bo Wang, Yali Zhu, Shuyu Liu et al.

A simple, rapid and novel method involving ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI–MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously detect erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues (muscle, liver and kidney) and eggs (whole egg, albumen and yolk). Samples were extracted using acetonitrile–water (80:20, v/v), and a Cleanert MAS-Q cartridge was used to perform quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) purification. The average recoveries were 87.78–104.22 %, and the corresponding intraday and interday relative standard deviations were less than 7.10 %. The decision limits and detection capabilities of the chicken tissues and eggs were 2.15–105.21 μg/kg and 2.26–110.42 μg/kg, respectively. For chicken tissues and eggs, the limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.5 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed method was successfully employed to analyse real samples, demonstrating its applicability.

Elina Mauramo, Tea Lallukka, Noora Kanerva et al.

Abstract Background and objectives Associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health have been observed, but studies comparing different types of plant foods are sparse. This study among Finnish municipal employees examined associations of the consumption of a range of different plant foods with emotional well-being (EWB). Data and methods We used survey data from the Helsinki Health Study conducted in 2017 among 19–39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (N = 5898, response rate 51.5%, 80% women). Consumption of plant foods, including fruit, berries, fresh and cooked vegetables and wholegrain bread, was measured by a food frequency questionnaire and dichotomised into daily/non-daily consumption. The EWB scale of the RAND-36 questionnaire was dichotomised, with the lowest quartile indicating ‘poor EWB’ and the three higher quartiles indicating ‘good EWB’. We used logistic regression for analysing the associations between plant food consumption and EWB. Analyses were sex-stratified and age, socioeconomic circumstances and psychosocial working conditions were adjusted for. Results Prevalence of daily consumption of plant foods varied from 25% for berries and cooked vegetables to 70% for fresh vegetables. Daily consumption was associated with good EWB among both women and men. The strongest age-adjusted association was found for fresh vegetables, with women (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.27–1.74) and men (OR 1.86, CI 1.37–2.52) with daily consumption having clearly higher odds of good EWB compared to non-daily consumers. Associations slightly attenuated but mostly remained after adjusting for socioeconomic circumstances and working conditions. Conclusions More frequent plant food consumption was associated with good EWB. Thus, the results support the need for interventions that investigate whether the promotion of plant food consumption could show potential mental health benefits among employees.

Peiyu Li, Xiaobao Huang, Yijun Tian et al.

Significant work has been conducted in the domain of food computing, yet these studies typically focus on single tasks such as t2t (instruction generation from food titles and ingredients), i2t (recipe generation from food images), or t2i (food image generation from recipes). None of these approaches integrate all modalities simultaneously. To address this gap, we introduce a novel food computing foundation model that achieves true multimodality, encompassing tasks such as t2t, t2i, i2t, it2t, and t2ti. By leveraging large language models (LLMs) and pre-trained image encoder and decoder models, our model can perform a diverse array of food computing-related tasks, including food understanding, food recognition, recipe generation, and food image generation. Compared to previous models, our foundation model demonstrates a significantly broader range of capabilities and exhibits superior performance, particularly in food image generation and recipe generation tasks. We open-sourced ChefFusion at GitHub.

Belinda Neo, Noel Nannup, Dale Tilbrook et al.

Background: Low vitamin D intake and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < 50 nmol/L) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples highlight a need for public health strategies to improve vitamin D status. As few foods contain naturally occurring vitamin D, fortification strategies may be needed to improve vitamin D intake and status among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Objective: We aimed to model vitamin D food fortification scenarios among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Methods: We used nationally representative food consumption data (n=4,109) and vitamin D food composition data to model four food fortification scenarios. The modelling for Scenario 1 included foods and maximum vitamin D concentrations permitted for fortification in Australia: i) dairy products and alternatives, ii) butter/margarine/oil spreads, iii) formulated beverages, and iv) selected ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. The modelling for Scenarios 2a-c included some vitamin D concentrations higher than permitted in Australia; Scenario 2c included bread, which is not permitted for vitamin D fortification in Australia. Scenario 2a: i) dairy products and alternatives, ii) butter/margarine/oil spreads, iii) formulated beverages. Scenario 2b: as per Scenario 2a plus selected ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. Scenario 2c: as per Scenario 2b plus bread. Results: Vitamin D fortification of a range of staple foods could potentially increase vitamin D intake among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by ~ 3-6 μg/day. Scenario 2c showed the highest potential median vitamin D intake increase to ~ 8 μg/day. Across all modelled scenarios, none of the participants had vitamin D intake above the Australian upper level of intake of 80 μg/day.