Hasil untuk "Museums. Collectors and collecting"

Tamara Ranković, Mateja Rilak, Janko Rakonjac et al.

Applications requiring real-time processing of large volumes of data have been the main driver for rethinking the traditional cloud, giving rise to novel cloud models. Distributed cloud (DC) is a model that allows users to dynamically create and dispose of strategically located ad-hoc clouds that contain resources best tailored to their needs. It is essential for this model to provide a high degree of observability for it to be viable in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a monitoring system that collects metrics from DCs and makes them accessible to diverse clients. Agents running on nodes are responsible for collecting machine-, container-, and application-level metrics. During the health-check protocol, that data is transferred from the node to the DC's control plane running inside the cloud. There, it is persisted and served via multiple APIs, including a streaming API. Moreover, node metrics are aggregated for every DC in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the system's state.

Shatha Abdullateef Hamodee

Beatriz Tarré Alonso, Renata Cardozo Padilha

Este estudio examina la interacción entre arquitectura y escultura en el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Cuba, explorando cómo ambos elementos contribuyen a la creación de un símbolo de identidad cultural. Se analiza la evolución arquitectónica del edificio desde sus raíces antiguas hasta sus formas modernas, así como la integración de obras escultóricas de destacados artistas cubanos. Estas esculturas no solo embellecen el entorno arquitectónico, sino que también reflejan la riqueza cultural del país y su transformación a lo largo del tiempo. El artículo considera las limitaciones económicas y técnicas enfrentadas durante la construcción y su impacto en la expresión simbólica del museo. Se concluye que el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Cuba representa una fusión entre la historia, el arte y la identidad cultural, proyectando estos valores hacia el futuro.

Yuhao Wang, Enlu Zhou

In this paper, we propose a general and novel formulation of ranking and selection with the existence of streaming input data. The collection of multiple streams of such data may consume different types of resources, and hence can be conducted simultaneously. To utilize the streaming input data, we aggregate simulation outputs generated under heterogeneous input distributions over time to form a performance estimator. By characterizing the asymptotic behavior of the performance estimators, we formulate two optimization problems to optimally allocate budgets for collecting input data and running simulations. We then develop a multi-stage simultaneous budget allocation procedure and provide its statistical guarantees such as consistency and asymptotic normality. We conduct several numerical studies to demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed procedure.

Arun Verma, Xiaoqiang Lin, Zhongxiang Dai et al.

Collecting human preference feedback is often expensive, leading recent works to develop principled algorithms to select them more efficiently. However, these works assume that the underlying reward function is linear, an assumption that does not hold in many real-life applications, such as online recommendation and LLM alignment. To address this limitation, we propose Neural-ADB, an algorithm based on the neural contextual dueling bandit framework that provides a principled and practical method for collecting human preference feedback when the underlying latent reward function is non-linear. We theoretically show that when preference feedback follows the Bradley-Terry-Luce model, the worst sub-optimality gap of the policy learned by Neural-ADB decreases at a sub-linear rate as the preference dataset increases. Our experimental results on preference datasets further corroborate the effectiveness of Neural-ADB.

Anne Haeming, Pia Wiegmink, J. Leetsch

ABSTRACT This interview explores the ethical implications of writing the biography of Wilhelm Joest, a nineteenth-century German ethnographer, traveller and collector whose work was deeply embedded in colonial networks of dependency. Through her research and biography of Joest, Haeming critically examines his entanglement with imperial knowledge production, the exploitation of colonised peoples and the epistemic violence of ethnographic collecting. Reflecting on dependency studies and life writing from a twenty-first-century perspective, this conversation highlights how biographical storytelling can both illuminate and interrogate historical structures of asymmetrical dependency. The interview discusses the material and archival challenges of reconstructing Joest’s life and addresses Joest’s position within transnational economies of enslavement, particularly in relation to the sugar trade and European scientific networks, revealing how systems of forced labour underpinned knowledge production in imperial contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates museum studies, provenance research and postcolonial critique, Haeming offers new insights into the methodological possibilities of biography as a tool for critically engaging with histories of dependency and coercion. This interview contributes to the special issue’s project of critically examining the relationship between life writing and dependency, demonstrating how individual narratives can serve as sites of both historical critique and ethical reflection.

M. Khairi

This research explains the development of Islamic art in the modern and contemporary Indonesian art scene through Rispul and Tita Rubi's works collected by OHD Museum. The fundamental question is how OHD's taste in choosing its collection? How is the curation process in the exhibition Fragment of Modern Indonesian Art History? And why Rispul and Titarubi's works were chosen for the exhibition? This question is explained through the sociology of art theory from Becker and Bourdieu and uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of the study show that OHD as a pure collector by providing distinction to the works he will collect, thereby gaining legitimacy in the Indonesian and Asian art scene. His legitimacy is able to influence the world of art collecting in Indonesia and Asia. The works of Tita Rubi and Rispul were collected and selected for the exhibition because they fit the criteria of being part of the development of contemporary art and continuing the Islamic art series.

Christopher Kreuzer, J. A. Wearn

Digitisation of herbarium collections is bringing greater understanding to bear on the complexity of narratives relating to the First World War and its aftermath – scientific and societal. Plant collecting during the First World War was more widespread than previously understood, contributed to the psychological wellbeing of those involved, and enhances floristic knowledge. The material legacy of wartime collections residing in herbaria is now becoming truly accessible for multidisciplinary study. Moreover, there are lessons to be learned from history in the lack of follow‐through in publishing these collections, because such collections form an important baseline for any post‐conflict landscape restoration actions. Mass digitisation provides a tool through which previously un‐documented collections held in herbaria can become visible and related collections can be linked together both taxonomically and by collection events, enabling more holistic interpretation and informing transdisciplinary approaches. Plant collecting during the First World War is known through few published examples, and the extent of accessioning or impacts of these collections thereafter was not clearly known. We sought to address this by querying recently digitised herbarium collections at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Natural History Museum, London. Combining an analysis of these digitisation programmes (which are still underway) with published and unpublished archival records, we have identified more than 4,600 additional specimens collected in connection with the First World War by at least 30 previously unknown or not well‐documented collectors, bringing the known total to approximately 6,700. We also found that there was a close coordination of individuals' collecting activity in the theatre of war with scientific institutions. The motivations for botanist and non‐botanist collectors who contributed could differ, though both yielded a benefit for scientific exploration. We recommend that further research in this area extends the scope regarding the internationalism of wartime collecting both in terms of participant forces and recipient institutions, with a focus on lessons learned for the future coordination of biodiversity recording and post‐conflict environmental restoration activities based on this scientific knowledge.

P. Rud'

The history of collecting is one of the most important and little-studied areas of museum science. The article is devoted to the history of the arrival to the Imperial Academy of Sciences of a large collection of Chinese objects acquired in Beijing in 1841 by the bailiff of the 12th Russian Ecclesiastical Mission N. I. Lyubimov. The history of collecting and distributing these items between the academic and other scientific institutions of St. Petersburg turned out to be very complex and confusing. Only thanks to surviving archival materials was it possible to determine the collector of these items and the circumstances of their receipt by the MAE RAS. We analyzed documents from the personal archive of N. I. Lyubimov — a diary, a notebook, lists of items brought from China. Materials from the official correspondence of the Asian Department with the bailiff regarding the dispatch of the 12th composition of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission to Beijing and the purchase of items for scientific institutions were considered as well. The study of the above-mentioned materials also tells about the peculiarities of the system of gathering museum collections in the first half of the 19th century and about the role played by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the selection of items to replenish the funds of the Ethnographic Museum and other academic institutions.

Diego Javier Celis Estrada

Lo más destacado: • Profundiza en el sistema defensivo costero del siglo XIX en el virreinato del Perú, incluyendo la estrategia militar, la adaptación al territorio y las amenazas potenciales. • Resalta la importancia del reconocimiento y preservación del patrimonio militar virreinal del país al ofrecer información sobre la arquitectura, las técnicas de construcción y las estrategias militares de la época. • Emplea la fotogrametría y el sistema de información geográfica (SIG) para lograr una visión minuciosa de la arquitectura, la planificación y la adaptación al territorio de estas estructuras defensivas. Resumen: El virreinato del Perú, pieza fundamental en el Imperio Español, se caracterizó por su capital, Lima, y el estratégico puerto del Callao. A pesar de la presencia de la Fortaleza del Real Felipe en el Callao, el territorio enfrentó numerosas amenazas extranjeras. Esta investigación explora los planes defensivos del virreinato desde los primeros ataques piratas en el siglo XVII hasta las amenazas británicas del siglo XIX, con énfasis en el papel del virrey Abascal en la defensa contra movimientos independentistas y ataques enemigos desde Buenos Aires. La estrategia del virrey Abascal se centró en fortalecer las defensas militares en Lima, el Callao y proteger la costa peruana, dando lugar a la construcción de las baterías de costa en la playa La Chira. Estas baterías constituyen un testimonio invaluable de la arquitectura militar virreinal. La investigación no solo contribuye al reconocimiento de estas estructuras como parte del patrimonio histórico, sino que también proporciona una comprensión de la historia y la identidad cultural de la región. El estudio busca enriquecer la comprensión del sistema defensivo costero del siglo XIX empleando herramientas avanzadas como fotogrametría y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para analizar la arquitectura y planificación de las baterías, así como evaluar su estado actual. Este estudio invita a la comunidad académica a explorar a fondo estas baterías de costa e insta a las autoridades culturales a actuar para preservarlas y reconocerlas oficialmente como parte integral del patrimonio del Perú. La falta de acción no solo arriesga la pérdida de estas estructuras históricas, sino también priva al país de una comprensión más completa de su pasado. La preocupación sobre el estado de conservación es apremiante, ya que, a pesar de resistir las inclemencias del tiempo durante dos siglos, su deterioro se ha acelerado por la intervención humana.

Kuśnierz-Krupa, Dominika, Hryniewicz, Małgorzata, Bednarz, Łukasz et al.

This paper presents an original research procedure developed for a project that focuses on the restoration of the Gołaszewski Manor and Garden Complex in Wrocanka. The introductory section outlines the objectives, scope and methods of the tests and sub-procedures that make up the procedure in question, and then presents the results of the investigation, broken down into individual stages. The conclusion emphasises the role of the investigation in the properly conducted process of restoring the historic complex, which is subject to statutory conservation as a result of being listed in the register of monuments.

Chan Young Shin, Ah Hyun Lee, Jun Young Lee et al.

As we enter the era of big data, collecting high-quality data is very important. However, collecting data by humans is not only very time-consuming but also expensive. Therefore, many scientists have devised various methods to collect data using computers. Among them, there is a method called web crawling, but the authors found that the crawling method has a problem in that unintended data is collected along with the user. The authors found that this can be filtered using the object recognition model YOLOv10. However, there are cases where data that is not properly filtered remains. Here, image reclassification was performed by additionally utilizing the distance output from the Siamese network, and higher performance was recorded than other classification models. (average \_f1 score YOLO+MobileNet 0.678->YOLO+SiameseNet 0.772)) The user can specify a distance threshold to adjust the balance between data deficiency and noise-robustness. The authors also found that the Siamese network can achieve higher performance with fewer resources because the cropped images are used for object recognition when processing images in the Siamese network. (Class 20 mean-based f1 score, non-crop+Siamese(MobileNetV3-Small) 80.94 -> crop preprocessing+Siamese(MobileNetV3-Small) 82.31) In this way, the image retrieval system that utilizes two consecutive models to reduce errors can save users' time and effort, and build better quality data faster and with fewer resources than before.

Xiaochi Ding, Yunfei Du, Xinwei Shen et al.

The electrical collector system (ECS) plays a crucial role in determining the performance of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Existing research has predominantly restricted ECS cable layouts to conventional radial or ring structures and employed graph theory heuristics for solutions. However, both economic efficiency and reliability of the OWFs heavily depend on their ECS structure, and the optimal ECS cable layout often deviates from typical configurations. In this context, this paper introduces a novel reliability-based ECS cable layout planning method for large-scale OWFs, employing a two-stage stochastic programming approach to address uncertainties of wind power and contingencies. To enhance reliability, the model incorporates optimal post-fault network reconfiguration strategies by adjusting wind turbine power supply paths through link cables. To tackle computation challenges arising from numerous contingency scenarios, a customized progressive contingency incorporation (CPCI) framework is developed to solve the model with higher efficiency by iteratively identifying non-trivial scenarios and solving the simplified problems. The convergence and optimality are theoretically proven. Numerical tests on several real-world OWFs validate the necessity of fully optimizing ECS structures and demonstrate the efficiency of the CPCI algorithm.

Junn Kitt Foon, Peter T. Green, Frank Köhler

The 2019–2020 megafires in eastern Australia have devastated large parts of the known distributional range of the minute land snail Paralaoma annabelli, prompting conservation concerns for this species. However, this species is poorly defined thus hampering its accurate identification and the delineation of its distribution. Most crucially, it has been questionable if and how P. annabelli could be distinguished from another Australian congener, Paralaoma morti. This systematic ambiguity posed a problem in assessing the impact of the 2019–2020 wildfires in Australia on this species. Herein, we demonstrate, based on comparative morphometrics as well as analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, that P. annabelli is indeed distinct from a second widespread species of Paralaoma, which is identified as P. morti by some workers. Yet, sequences of P. morti cluster closely with non-Australian sequences of the globally distributed species P. servilis. Therefore, the taxonomic status of P. morti in relation to P. servilis remains to be investigated. Our comparative morphological analyses revealed that P. annabelli is significantly smaller than P. morti, has a significantly flatter shell, more elongated aperture, lower spire, and tighter coiling whorls. With the revised diagnosis of P. annabelli, we have delineated its distribution in New South Wales based on the examination of all available museum samples. We show that P. annabelli is primarily found at higher elevations in the Great Dividing Range while P. morti is widespread in eastern Australia. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal that the genera Pseudiotula, Iotula, Trocholaoma and Miselaoma, all described based only on shell characteristics, form a single clade with the abovementioned species of Paralaoma. This reveals the inadequacies of a purely shell-based taxonomy in punctids and highlights the need for a more integrative approach to punctid systematics.

Takuya Kiyokawa, Naoki Shirakura, Hiroki Katayama et al.

Training deep-learning-based vision systems require the manual annotation of a significant number of images. Such manual annotation is highly time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although previous studies have attempted to eliminate the effort required for annotation, the effort required for image collection was retained. To address this, we propose a human-in-the-loop dataset collection method that uses a web application. To counterbalance the workload and performance by encouraging the collection of multi-view object image datasets in an enjoyable manner, thereby amplifying motivation, we propose three types of online visual feedback features to track the progress of the collection status. Our experiments thoroughly investigated the impact of each feature on collection performance and quality of operation. The results suggested the feasibility of annotation and object detection.

Janusz Łach, Alicja Krzemińska, Krzysztof Widawski et al.

Protestant refuge churches were built in Silesian Protestant principalities, and in the borderline areas of Saxony, Brandenburg and Poland before the end of Thirty Years’ War and the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. In the most part, the churches were erected by means of adapting Catholic churches to the needs of Protestant believers, e.g. by building emporas (choir galleries), a pulpit and an altar inside the church. The acquisition of churches in Silesia was peaceful, without any violence almost everywhere, and it was not a rare phenomenon that a single church was used by two religions at the same time. At the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 110 refugee churches in Silesia. Currently, there are no churches of this type in Lower Silesia, and their extraordinary decoration was preserved in only a few of them. The main aim is to analyse this specific, forgotten sacral Protestent heritage, i.e. refuge churches in Lower Silesia, from the historical, sociological and architectural perspective. The main objective is to focus on the historical importance of the refuge churches in Lower Silesia – restoring identity as exemplified by the church in Großburg (Polish: Borek Strzeliński), analyse the degree to which the Protestant cultural legacy was preserved in the material rural architecture of Großburg and analyse the acceptance of the Evangelical heritage in the mentality of the local community.

Justin Jennings, April Hawkins, Adam Sellen et al.

A common forgery technique is to use molds to create a suite of objects. This article introduces a new technique to identify objects made with the same mold through the comparison of 3D models created using structured light scanning (SLS). SLS data, when analyzed with CloudCompare or other point cloud processing software, provides quantitative data on the variation between models that can be visualized in scalar fields. Inexpensive, adaptable, and non-destructive, the technique produces a digital signature for a mold that can be used to identify matching examples within a collection and be circulated between institutions. We demonstrate this technique on three forgeries of Zapotec urns from Oaxaca, Mexico, in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum that were created in the early twentieth century AD.

Chirag Rao, Eytan Modiano

We consider a wireless network with a base station broadcasting and collecting time-sensitive data to and from spatially distributed nodes in the presence of wireless interference. The Age of Information (AoI) is the time that has elapsed since the most-recently delivered packet was generated, and captures the freshness of information. In the context of broadcast and collection, we define the Age of Broadcast (AoB) to be the amount of time elapsed until all nodes receive a fresh update, and the Age of Collection (AoC) as the amount of time that elapses until the base station receives an update from all nodes. We quantify the average broadcast and collection ages in two scenarios: 1) instance-dependent, in which the locations of all nodes and interferers are known, and 2) instance-independent, in which they are not known but are located randomly, and expected age is characterized with respect to node locations. In the instance-independent case, we show that AoB and AoC scale super-exponentially with respect to the radius of the region surrounding the base station. Simulation results highlight how expected AoB and AoC are affected by network parameters such as network density, medium access probability, and the size of the coverage region.

Niclas Boehmer, Nathan Schaar

We present a collection of $7582$ real-world elections divided into $25$ datasets from various sources ranging from sports competitions over music charts to survey- and indicator-based rankings. We provide evidence that the collected elections complement already publicly available data from the PrefLib database, which is currently the biggest and most prominent source containing $701$ real-world elections from $36$ datasets. Using the map of elections framework, we divide the datasets into three categories and conduct an analysis of the nature of our elections. To evaluate the practical applicability of previous theoretical research on (parameterized) algorithms and to gain further insights into the collected elections, we analyze different structural properties of our elections including the level of agreement between voters and election's distances from restricted domains such as single-peakedness. Lastly, we use our diverse set of collected elections to shed some further light on several traditional questions from social choice, for instance, on the number of occurrences of the Condorcet paradox and on the consensus among different voting rules.

Nils Dycke, Ilia Kuznetsov, Iryna Gurevych

The shift towards publicly available text sources has enabled language processing at unprecedented scale, yet leaves under-serviced the domains where public and openly licensed data is scarce. Proactively collecting text data for research is a viable strategy to address this scarcity, but lacks systematic methodology taking into account the many ethical, legal and confidentiality-related aspects of data collection. Our work presents a case study on proactive data collection in peer review -- a challenging and under-resourced NLP domain. We outline ethical and legal desiderata for proactive data collection and introduce "Yes-Yes-Yes", the first donation-based peer reviewing data collection workflow that meets these requirements. We report on the implementation of Yes-Yes-Yes at ACL Rolling Review and empirically study the implications of proactive data collection for the dataset size and the biases induced by the donation behavior on the peer reviewing platform.