As a result of Turkey's economic growth, industrial development has accelerated across the country and this has ultimately led to the environmental sector and waste management gaining importance. In Turkey, where there is a depletion of natural resources, the expansion of energy demand, and the orientation in environmental technologies, waste is no longer a problematic issue that needs to be eliminated; but it has become a source of raw materials whose processing and recycling can be achieved with today's technology. In the scope of sustainable development, the waste hierarchy includes the three priority targets. These are prevention of waste production, reuse, recycling, or recovery respectively. The method for non-recoverable wastes is landfilling with energy recovery if possible. In this context, this study aims to investigate the electricity generation potential of the solid wastes disposed at the Edirne Solid Waste Landfill Facility. When the amount of waste to be sent to the facility, which was assumed to have a 20-year economic life, increases by 5% in parallel with the population profile, it is seen that electricity production will go up rapidly until 2040. However, the results of the study present that the potential of methane production will fall as the stored waste age increases so that a significant decrease in electricity production should be expected from 2045 onwards. Once it is considered that the facility continues to produce electricity for a hundred years beyond 2040, the electricity generated from the facility will contribute to the electricity network and provide the avoidance of approximately 25 thousand tons of CO2 on a national basis.
Hsin-Chen Sung, Yiong-Shing Sheu, Bing-yuan Yang
et al.
In Taiwan, 3,130,735 t of refuse for disposal and 4,113,808 t of recycled recyclable waste were generated in 2017. The government of Taiwan has been actively promoting a resource recycling program since July 1998. To pursue sustainability and locate waste minimization opportunities, the correlation between utility consumption and population and the quantity of refuse and recyclable waste from municipalities in Taiwan was studied. There are six special municipalities and 16 cities and counties covering a great variety of urbanization and settlement characteristics, such as registered populations, electricity, and water consumption. The above parameters of the municipalities were correlated with the quantities of refuse and recycled urban waste. Residential electricity consumption, overall population, and business electricity consumption were found to be major parameters correlating the generation of refuse and recycled urban waste. Due to their higher levels of business activities, the waste generation behaviours of these six special municipalities are more diverse than those of the 16 municipalities. Due to the discrepancy of the registered population system, the utility consumption values within administrative boundaries can better predict municipal solid waste, (MSW) generation than utility consumption at a per capita. Utility consumption within administrative boundaries is more convenient as a measure to predict refuse and recycled urban waste than other complex social–economic indicators.
Growing rate of population influences enhancement of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Municipal Solid Waste contains household and commercial refuse including paper, textiles, food and vegetable waste and wood and non-degradable materials; leather, plastics, rubbers, metals, glass and electronic waste. The current study reviews recent scenario of municipal solid waste system in Vadodara city, which revealed that solid waste system needs to be modified scientifically to manage non-biodegradable components. Solid waste samples of two seasons were collected from three dumping sites and landfill area in Vadodara, to determine non-biodegradable components of MSW. A comparison of ten-year old and daily waste, revealed polyethylene bags and food wrappers to be the major cause for plastic pollution. Much of municipal solid waste gets dumped in the open landfills, causing health risks to residents in their locality. This may cause a high risk of contamination of ground water/surface water, soil and air.
Saeed Nemati, Bijan Samali, Farzaneh Tahmoorian
et al.
The purpose of this study is nutrient resources recovery by achieving the optimal chemical oxygen demand (COD) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) in co-composting wastewater treatment plant sludge with Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW). In this effort, the co-composting has been conducted in form of a case study in the northern region of Iran. In this research, 192 tests were carried out on four series of samples examined in terms of waste to sludge ratio, different aeration period, the percent of porous materials and the moisture content. This study was carried out at a temperature of 50 °C for a 15 day period by application of the in-vessel system and shows that the best ratio for waste to sludge is 2:1, while the 8 hour period is the best aeration period. The porous material which can be added to the composting process is limited to 15% in weight. In other words, any more or less amount of this material will adversely impact the process. Moreover, this research suggests that the sludge dewatering is not required in such processes. In Addition, the efficiency of both COD and C/N reductions equals to about 40%.
Abstract This study presents an effect of Equivalence Ratio (ER) on the efficiency of single throat downdraft gasifier using Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from municipal solid waste (MSW). ER on gas composition, syngas heating value, and cold gas efficiency, was determined in this study. The RDF with density of 930 kg/m3 and diameter and length of RDF were 8 and 25 mm, respectively was used as a fuel for gasifier. The ER was varied from 0.15-0.50 to study the production of the produced gas and to evaluate optimum point of heating value and cold gas efficiency. From the experiment, it was found that air feeding rate affects to the concentration of the syngas composition, consisted of CO, H2, and CH4. The syngas was produced at rate of 4.05 Nm3/kgRDF and the heating value of syngas was 5.87 MJ/Nm3. The result also revealed that cold gas efficiency was 73.04 % at optimum ER of 0.35.
This paper presents material flow and sustainability analyses of novel mechanical biological chemical treatment system for complete valorization of municipal solid waste (MSW). It integrates material recovery facility (MRF); pulping, chemical conversion; effluent treatment plant (ETP), anaerobic digestion (AD); and combined heat and power (CHP) systems producing end products: recyclables (24.9% by mass of MSW), metals (2.7%), fibre (1.5%); levulinic acid (7.4%); recyclable water (14.7%), fertiliser (8.3%); and electricity (0.126MWh/t MSW), respectively. Refuse derived fuel (RDF) and non-recyclable other waste, char and biogas from MRF, chemical conversion and AD systems, respectively, are energy recovered in the CHP system. Levulinic acid gives profitability independent of subsidies; MSW priced at 50Euro/t gives a margin of 204Euro/t. Global warming potential savings are 2.4 and 1.3kg CO2 equivalent per kg of levulinic acid and fertiliser, and 0.17kg CO2 equivalent per MJ of grid electricity offset, respectively.
E. H. Ezechi, Chima George Nwabuko, O. Enyinnaya
et al.
Solid waste disposal and management is a critical problem in Nigeria. Annually, a huge quantity of municipal solid waste is generated in Aba. Municipal solid waste disposal in Aba poses severe challenge to environmental safety, public health and welfare of citizens. The situation is made worse by the indiscriminate dumping of refuse at roadsides, streets, waterways and empty lands. The impact of this waste management practice in Aba is environmental deterioration. Efforts to improve waste management in Aba have not recorded significant success. This paper therefore aims to highlight the challenges facing the waste management sector in Aba and proffer solutions on how to improve the sector.