Hasil untuk "Men"

S. Chugh, Rasmus J. Havmoeller, K. Narayanan et al.

A. Fausto-Sterling

D. Cameron, D. Cameron, L. D'costa et al.

H. Sesso, R. Paffenbarger, I. Lee

C. Chae, R. Lee, N. Rifai et al.

P. Snyder, H. Peachey, P. Hannoush et al.

Sharon R. Bird

L. Melton, E. Atkinson, M. K. O'Connor et al.

M. Stefanick, S. Mackey, Mary A. Sheehan et al.

Henry C. McGill, Henry C. McGill, C. Mcmahan et al.

P. Snyder, H. Peachey, J. Berlin et al.

W. Chow, G. Gridley, J. Fraumeni et al.

G. Hawker, J. Wright, P. Coyte et al.

Tatjana Kozjek, Uroška Zorec Klemenčič, Lan Umek

Volunteer firefighters play an important role in the provision of emergency services in Slovenia, where most of firefighters work on a voluntary basis. In many countries, however, volunteering is in decline due to demographic, social and organisational constraints. To maintain this important function, it is important to understand the motivations that drive individuals to join and stay in the volunteer fire service. This study examines the motivational factors that influence Slovenian volunteer firefighters, with a particular focus on fire service support, leadership practices and demographic differences. A quantitative survey was conducted among 244 volunteer firefighters from 22 fire brigades. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, <i>t</i>-tests, Spearman’s rank correlation and binary logistic regression. The results show that many volunteer firefighters are motivated by the challenge of working under stress and in situations of controlled risk. However, this motivation decreases with age, as older members show less interest in adrenaline-driven tasks. Men show a greater preference for action-oriented tasks, including emergency response, equipment handling and physical engagement. In contrast, women place slightly more emphasis on social connections within the brigade. Volunteers who feel included in decision-making processes and experience cooperative, participative leadership are more likely to remain engaged. Those who are motivated by physical activity are more likely to stay, while those who are primarily motivated by social recognition or status are more likely to leave. These findings contribute to the literature on volunteering in high-risk contexts. Tailored recruitment and retention strategies that take into account age, gender and leadership dynamics can help fire services build more engaged and sustainable volunteer teams.

Agnieszka Mateja, Barbara Gawda

IntroductionIn addition to anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms, transgender people are also shown to have pathological personality profiles. These patterns are due to functioning under chronic stress, exposure to discrimination, victimization, the inability to affirm gender identity, and insufficient social support. The internalized transphobia predisposes transgender individuals to psychological decompensation. The study aims to assess Dark Personality Trait among transgender individuals and to establish the relationships between Dark Tetrad traits and resilience.Materials and MethodsThe Dark Tetrad (narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, sadism) was assessed using The Short Dark Tetrad Scale (SD4-PL). Resilience was measured using The Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) questionnaire. The dimensions of psychological resilience were also evaluated, including perseverance, determination in action, openness to new experiences, sense of humor, personal competence in coping, tolerance of negative emotions, tolerance for failure, viewing life as a challenge, optimism, and the ability to mobilize in difficult situations. In the statistical analysis, a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted. Correlations between dark personality traits in the transgender and cisgender groups were compared using Fisher’s z-test.ResultsThe study results indicate a slightly lower level of narcissism and Machiavellianism in transgender women compared with cisgender women, and a slightly increased level of sadism in all men, regardless of whether they are transgender or cisgender. No differences were observed between the transgender and cisgender groups in terms of dark personality traits. Transgender individuals exhibited significantly lower level of general resilience than cisgender individuals.ConclusionsThe results of participants from the transgender group indicate lower level of dark personality traits. Observed differences in dark personality traits are related to gender and are independent of transgenderism. Psychological resilience provides a subtle protective function against the development of dark personality traits.

Kalpana Panati, Parasuraman Aiya Subramani, Venkata Ramireddy Narala

The therapeutic targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a double-edged sword: while thiazolidinediones are efficacious, their severe side effects necessitate the discovery of safer modulators. We propose a novel nutrient-centred hypothesis that thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential micronutrient, may act as a natural ligand for PPARγ. To investigate this, we adopted a translational approach. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations established that thiamine forms a stable, high-affinity interaction with the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. Functionally, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, thiamine induced adipogenesis and PPARγ-response element binding with a potency analogous to rosiglitazone, suggesting direct agonistic activity. Corroborating these mechanistic insights at the clinical level, a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrates that high-dose benfotiamine, a synthetic thiamine derivative, significantly improves neuropathic and vascular outcomes in T2D patients. While the contribution of thiamine’s established antioxidant effects to these clinical benefits cannot be ruled out, the synergy of computational, cellular, and human evidence provides a compelling foundation for our hypothesis. This study suggests that thiamine could act as a PPARγ ligand and serve as a safer treatment option for metabolic disorders, which needs to be tested in vivo.

Hong-kai Cai, Lin Jiang, Jian-bin Gong et al.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and prognosis in MDS patients.Methods: We conducted a study involving 183 MDS patients who were diagnosed at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Enze Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. The end point of follow-up was September 2022. To minimize the impact of other confounding factors among the 110 included MDS patients, X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cutoff points for peripheral blood inflammation markers. Based on these cutoff points, the cohort of patients was divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. The OS in each group was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed.Results: The MDS patients included 73 men and 37 women with a median age of 72 years (32–92 years). The median OS was 28 months (1–83 months), 17 patients (15.45%) experienced conversion to AML, and 94 patients (85.45%) died during the follow-up period. The optimal cutoff points were ALC (1.2 × 109/L), AMC (0 × 109/L), CRP (6.1 mg/L), MLR (0.125), NLR (2.25) and PLR (71.4). Patients in the ALC (≤1.2 × 109/L, P = 0.017), MLR (>0.125, P = 0.01), PLR (>71.43, P = 0.044), and CRP (>6.1 mg/L, P < 0.0001) groups had shorter overall survival. The MLR (>0.125, P = 0.011) and CRP (>6.1 mg/L, P = 0.017) levels were related to poor prognosis.Conclusions: Elevated MLR and CRP levels may be independent indicators of poor prognosis in newly diagnosed MDS patients.

Jee-young Oh, E. Barrett-Connor, Nicole M Wedick et al.

Lina Buitrago, Juan Sosa, Cristian Gonzáles

In this paper, we compare semiparametric and parametric model adjustments for cancer mortality in breast and cervical cancer and prostate and lung cancer in men, according to age and period of death. Semiparametric models were adjusted for the number of deaths from the two localizations of greatest mortality by sex: breast and cervix in women; prostate and lungs in men. Adjustments in different semiparametric models were compared; which included making adjustments with different distributions and variable combinations in the parametric and non-parametric part, for localization as well as for scale. Finally, the semiparametric model with best adjustment was selected and compared to traditional model; that is, to the generalized lineal model with Poisson response and logarithmic link. Best results for the four kinds of cancer were obtained for the selected semiparametric model by comparing it to the traditional Poisson model based upon AIC, envelope correlation between estimated logarithm rate and real rate logarithm. In general, we observe that in estimation, rate increases with age; however, with respect to period, breast cancer and stomach cancer in men show a tendency to rise over time; on the other hand, for cervical cancer, it remains virtually constant, but for lung cancer in men, as of 2007, it tends to decrease.

J. C. Jiang, J. W. Xu, J. R. Niu et al.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extra-galactic sources with unknown physical mechanisms. They emit millisecond-duration radio pulses with isotropic equivalent energy of $10^{36}\sim10^{41}$ ergs. This corresponds to a brightness temperature of FRB emission typically reaching the level of $10^{36}$ K, but can be as high as above $10^{40}$ K for sub-microsecond timescale structures, suggesting the presence of underlying coherent relativistic radiation mechanisms. Polarization carries the key information to understand the physical origin of FRBs, with linear polarization usually tracing the geometric configuration of magnetic fields and circular polarization probing both intrinsic radiation mechanisms and propagation effects. Here we show that the repeating sources FRB 20201124A emits $90.9\pm 1.1\%$ circularly polarized radio pulses. Such a high degree of circular polarization was unexpected in theory and unprecedented in observation in the case of FRBs, since such a high degree of circular polarization was only common among Solar or Jovian radio activities, attributed to the sub-relativistic electrons. We note that there is no obvious correlation between the degree of circular polarization and burst fluence. Besides the high degree of circular polarization, we also detected rapid swing and orthogonal jump in the position angle of linear polarization. The detection of the high degree circular polarization in FRB 20201124A, together with its linear polarization properties that show orthogonal modes, place strong constraints on FRB physical mechanisms, calling for an interplay between magnetospheric radiation and propagation effects in shaping the observed FRB radiation.