Abstract Miller, D., G. Nadathur, F. Pfenning and A. Scedrov, Uniform proofs as a foundation for logic programming, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 51 (1991) 125–157. A proof-theoretic characterization of logical languages that form suitable bases for Prolog-like programming languages is provided. This characterization is based on the principle that the declarative meaning of a logic program, provided by provability in a logical system, should coincide with its operational meaning, provided by interpreting logical connectives as simple and fixed search instructions. The operational semantics is formalized by the identification of a class of cut-free sequent proofs called uniform proofs. A uniform proof is one that can be found by a goal-directed search that respects the interpretation of the logical connectives as search instructions. The concept of a uniform proof is used to define the notion of an abstract logic programming language, and it is shown that first-order and higher-order Horn clauses with classical provability are examples of such a language. Horn clauses are then generalized to hereditary Harrop formulas and it is shown that first-order and higher-order versions of this new class of formulas are also abstract logic programming languages if the inference rules are those of either intuitionistic or minimal logic. The programming language significance of the various generalizations to first-order Horn clauses is briefly discussed.
ErgoAI is a high level, multi-paradigm logic programming language and system developed by Coherent Knowledge Systems as an enhancement of and a successor to the popular Flora-2 system. ErgoAI is oriented towards scalable knowledge representation and reasoning, and can exploit both structured knowledge as well as knowledge derived from external sources such as vector embeddings. From the start, ErgoAI (and Flora-2 before it) were designed to exploit the well-founded semantics for reasoning in a multi-paradigm environment, including object-based logic (F-logic) with non-monotonic inheritance; higher order syntax in the style of HiLog; defeasibility of rules; semantically clean transactional updates; extensive use of subgoal delay for handling unsafe queries and for better performance; and optional support for bounded rationality at a module level. Although Flora-2 programs are compiled into XSB and adopt many Prolog features, ErgoAI is altogether a different language and system. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
This paper argues that Gottlob Frege has two distinct views toward psychology. The first view is underappreciated. It consists in his dual claim that psychological and logical elements in thought are naturally intertwined and, furthermore, that his conceptual notation can be “scientifically justified” in terms of a psychological origin story. These claims are supported with evidence provided by an analysis of key elements of his logic in the Begriffsschrift, by a summary of the major psychological mechanisms presented in his first published defense of the Begriffsschrift: “On the Scientific Justification of a Conceptual Notation,” and by an appeal to textual evidence from his unpublished “Logic” (1879–1991). The second view is well known. It is his claim that there is a methodological imperative to isolate logic from psychological influences. This claim is developed in two ways: he proposes a contextualist semantics to reject any psychologistic dependence on ideas and also narrows the notion of content, with its reliance on ideas, to the notion of conceptual content which focuses on logical relations. Finally, it is argued that this narrowing provides the key elements of the framework for his criticisms of psychology in the Grundlagen.
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are control systems that ensure indoor temperature and air quality meet desired conditions. In this study, a novel control strategy is proposed for an HVAC system operating under two distinct environmental zones with variable flow rates, addressing control challenges arising from external disturbances such as ambient temperature and humidity changes. In the system design, mathematical models were obtained, including the heat losses of two zones to the outdoor environment, as well as the heat transfer dynamics in the cooling unit, fans, and air ducts. For system control, considering ambient temperature, humidity, and variable flow rate, the required airflow was achieved by controlling the dampers placed in the indoor air inlet ducts. The core novelty of this work lies in the development and comparison of advanced control algorithms, including the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based LQR, and a newly designed PSO-based Fuzzy LQR (FLQR) controller. Comfort conditions were achieved by cooling the temperatures of two different regions from the ambient temperature to approximately 7 °C. The proposed FLQR controller combines the adaptability of fuzzy logic with the optimization capabilities of PSO to enhance system responsiveness and occupant comfort. Simulation results show that the FLQR method improves comfort performance by 90.4 % for Zone-1 and 88.1 % for Zone-2 compared to conventional LQR. The effectiveness of the proposed method (FLQR) is demonstrated through a comprehensive performance evaluation using Mean Squared Error (MSE) metrics, confirming its potential for intelligent HVAC applications.
A novel and extremely effective fuzzy Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with a boost converter is presented in this study. It goes into detail on the adaptive gain selection procedure and MRAC design. The paper proposes a simplified fuzzy MRAC process and describes the adaptation gains adjustment using a Fuzzy Logic (FL) subsystem. To test the durability and flexibility of the suggested approach, extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink are conducted, considering a variety of scenarios and environmental variables. Findings demonstrate the extreme robustness of the MRAC-Fuzzy MPPT control, with up to 99.98% tracking efficiency. It also keeps the photovoltaic systems operating at or near the Maximum Power Point (MPP), effectively reducing oscillations, improving energy efficiency, and boosting power production.
Amirhossein Khoddami, Mojtaba Tahani, Fathollah Pourfayaz
et al.
In this paper, a novel approach on Kaplan turbines, proposed and published in a US patent, has been investigated numerically using CFD tool. This approach includes the incorporation of an extra runner, called sub runner, into the main runner of a typical Kaplan turbine. The sub runner, consisting of some blades, performs the task of passive control of the main runner blades' adjustment angle through a control mechanism, attached to the sub runner shaft and its blades, in case of altered operating condition. As a result of this, the main runner can operate at its optimum and maximum hydraulic efficiency at the changed operating condition. For this purpose, it is aimed to extract its underlying passive control logic through investigating the hydrodynamic behavior and flow characteristics within the overall turbine domain numerically, so that the safe and allowable region of the turbine operation is determined. The analysis has been carried out by considering two varying operating parameters i.e., sub runner angular velocity and blades adjustment angle at different on-cam flow rates. It was revealed that placing the sub runner at the bottom of the main runner will not be a practical solution at high angular velocities at low on-cam flow rates. This is due to the development of some unstable and transient flows between the two runners at these velocities, disrupting the sub runner energy extraction performance. Furthermore, overall hydraulic efficiency improvements of 41.7, 24.8, and 18.4 percent could be achieved under the designed adjustment angle of the blades at first, second, and third on-cam flow rates, respectively, by adding the sub runner to the main turbine. Therefore, more design considerations should be made in the minimization of the associated hydraulic losses.
The article, based mainly on documents of British diplomatic correspondence, studies the approaches and moves of the Foreign Office in connection with the problem of the mass exodus of Circassians to the Ottoman Empire in 1863-1864. The main attention is paid to clarifying the facts, motives, nature and results of the relatively active formulation of proposals on this issue by British diplomats in Turkey and Russia during May-June 1864 and their attempts to put it on the international agenda. A conclusion is made about the dual character of the reaction of official London to the Circassian migration crisis and humanitarian catastrophe, conditioned by the general logic of the Anglo-Russian rivalry in the Ottoman East with its variability of the “hard” and “soft” lines. The reasons for the British Government’s ultimate refusal to both peddle the theme of St. Petersburg’s moral and financial responsibility for the “uncivilized” methods of expansion in the Caucasus and to finance Circassian colonization in Anatolia, as well as to limit itself to sending only moderate humanitarian aid to the refugees in the Ottoman Empire, are revealed. On the other hand, the examined correspondence fully confirms and supplements the data of other sources on the extreme inadequacy of the measures taken by the Russian and Ottoman authorities to organize, respectively, the dispatch and reception of Circassians and the high levels of mortality and human suffering caused by this. Overall, the work contributes to a better understanding of the role of the British factor in the processes of migration and settlement of North Caucasians within the Ottoman borders.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics