Hasil untuk "Latin America. Spanish America"

Luis Rivera-Vélez

The failure of the cannabis legalization process in Mexico illustrates how President AMLO becomes an almighty veto player compared to his predecessors. Using the veto player framework and based on a qualitative survey to trace the details of the decision-making process, the paper shows that the president acquires exceptional blocking powers through two main techniques. First, AMLO comes to power with absolute parliamentary majorities, which allows him to absorb the veto capacities of parliamentary institutions. Secondly, AMLO gradually neutralizes the powers of by-passing institutions, promising to put the decision to a referendum, contesting the Supreme Court’s decisions, or establishing a pro-cannabis bureaucracy completely dependent of the presidency. Since AMLO’s rise to power, any hope of cannabis legalization evaporated in Mexico, despite an alignment of political forces in favor at the national level and a regional tendency to relax cannabis prohibition.

Laura Ehrlich

El artículo reconstruye la trayectoria seguida por la figura de Eva Perón durante la década larga que va de las primeras conmemoraciones de su muerte, organizadas bajo el impulso del Estado peronista, hasta la época de su consagración en capas más amplias de la cultura argentina, más allá de los contornos partidarios, en la segunda mitad los años sesenta. Se analiza, en primer término, cómo perduró y se transformó tras la expulsión del gobierno peronista del poder, el impulso inicial del funeral de Estado, cuando los homenajes pasaron a estar a cargo de actores peronistas no estatales, con finalidades y formatos diversos, y un sentido crecientemente desafiante del statu quo. En segundo lugar, se exploran las cualidades de Eva Perón enaltecidas por los diferentes emprendedores de conmemoraciones y por quienes se reivindicaron herederos de su legado, identificando las demandas y coyunturas diversas a las que se asoció su recuerdo. Al final se atiende al mercado editorial y periodístico como un contexto de producción y circulación de significados que permite entender por fuera de los confines del peronismo, la eclosión de una nueva figura revolucionaria de Eva Perón, en la Argentina de conflictiva modernización de los años sesenta.

J. Rodríguez-Santiago, P. Cornejo-Juárez, J. Silva-Sánchez et al.

The worldwide spread of carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant Enterobacterales represents an urgent public health threat. However, for most countries in the Americas, the available data are limited, although Latin America has been suggested as a silent spreading reservoir for isolates carrying plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanisms. This work provides an overall update on polymyxin and polymyxin resistance and is focused on uses, availability, and susceptibility testing; moreover, a comprehensive review of the current polymyxin resistance epidemiology in the Americas is provided. We found that reports in the English and Spanish literature show widespread carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Americas determined by the clonal expansion of the pandemic clone ST258 and mgrB-mediated colistin resistance. In addition, widespread IncI2 and IncX4 plasmids carrying mcr-1 in Escherichia coli come mainly from human sources; however, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the Americas is underreported in the veterinary sector. These findings demonstrate the urgent need for the implementation of polymyxin resistance surveillance in Enterobacterales and appropriate regulatory measures for antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine.

Montserrat Amores

This paper studies the texts and illustrations published in the Spanish magazine Semanario Pintoresco Español (1836-1857) about the conquest of America, especially Mexico, and those dedicated to pre-Hispanic archeology as cultural transfers. Their sources are identified, and the adaptation processes are analyzed to show how they are inserted into the repertoire of the Spanish cultural system. These collaborations contributed both to the creation of a story about the conquest of Mexico and to the defense of the role of Spain regarding the discovery of pre-Hispanic civilizations.

Felipe Oliver

The novel Racimo (2014) by Diego Zúñiga is an ingenious assemble of local and global violence that traces a subtle relation between tragic events in different geographies and temporalities. Racimo  effectively evokes the traumatic past from a unique perspective that attempts to link the 1973 Copu d´état with the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001.  Local memory therefore is questioned from a global perspective. In other words, the novel suggests the need to exanimate the Chilean September 11 through its connection with the 9/11.

Antonio Ríos Zambudio

Melisa Ailén Roa

Reseña sobre el libro Los "indios de la Pampa" a través de la mirada misionera: un relato fotográfico del "dilatado yermo pampeano", de Ana María Teresa Rodríguez y Rocío Sánchez (comps., 2019). Santa Rosa, EdUNLPam (236 págs.).

Douglas NeJaime, Reva Siegel

Across the globe, public and private actors are now invoking conscience as a ground for objecting to laws or judicial decisions that confer on citizens reproductive and LGBT rights. Conscience claims in culture-war conflicts over reproduction and sexuality differ from paradigmatic religious accommodation claims, where an individual from a minority faith seeks to engage in ritual observance or religiously-motivated dress that runs afoul of generally applicable laws. Accommodation of culture-war conscience claims may inflict significant harms on other citizens and impose older, traditional views on citizens whose rights the law only recently has come to protect. Our intervention is practical and critical. We offer guidance on accommodation, showing how government might promote pluralism by accommodating objectors while protecting citizens who may be affected. We suggest that when government accommodates conscience in a framework that does not preserve the other citizens’ rights, government may be employing accommodation to create a de facto public order favoring objectors’ beliefs.

Sofia Brizuela Molina

Los estudios sobre la fundación de conventos permiten una aproximación excepcional a los conflictos de la sociedad donde se establecen. En este artículo, el surgimiento de un claustro femenino en Santafé (1606) revela el conflicto de poder latente entre los descendientes de los primeros conquistadores y los nuevos funcionarios de la Audiencia. Más allá de los aspectos relativos a la espiritualidad, el caso estudiado deja apreciar el entramado de vínculos que unían los linajes de los primeros conquistadores, como también sus esfuerzos y estrategias para conservar los privilegios y la primacía social que veían amenazada por la política de la Corona y sus funcionarios.

F. Gómez, J. Corchuelo, C. Curcio et al.

Objective. To describe the design of the SABE Colombia study. The major health study of the old people in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is the Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in LAC, SABE (from initials in Spanish: SAlud, Bienestar & Envejecimiento). Methods. The SABE Colombia is a population-based cross-sectional study on health, aging, and well-being of elderly individuals aged at least 60 years focusing attention on social determinants of health inequities. Methods and design were similar to original LAC SABE. The total sample size of the study at the urban and rural research sites (244 municipalities) was 23.694 elderly Colombians representative of the total population. The study had three components: (1) a questionnaire covering active aging determinants including anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, physical function, and biochemical and hematological measures; (2) a subsample survey among family caregivers; (3) a qualitative study with gender and cultural perspectives of quality of life to understand different dimensions of people meanings. Conclusions. The SABE Colombia is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary study of the elderly with respect to active aging determinants. The results of this study are intended to inform public policies aimed at tackling health inequalities for the aging society in Colombia.

Altaci Corrêa Rubim

Os povos indígenas no Amazonas estão em constante movimentação de idas e vindas de suas terras no interior do Amazonas para as cidades, principalmente para a grande metrópole denominada Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas. Ao chegar à cidade grande, vão morar nas periferias e passam a ficar expostos e à mercê das problemáticas vivenciadas pelas minorias étnicas, o que os leva a uma tomada de decisão em relação às organizações indígenas na cidade. O presente artigo versa sobre a diversidade cultural indígena em Manaus/AM/Brasil. Apresenta a elaboração da identidade do professor indígena num novo processo de territorialização em que o campo empírico foi a cidade de Manaus. Nesse novo processo, os agentes sociais se reorganizam, formando um movimento coletivo com diferentes etnias, em prol de reivindicações específicas, reelaborando e ressignificando conceitos, impondo a sua classificação. Nesse sentido, o principal objetivo deste estudo é dar visibilidade às identidades coletivas da cidade, aos processos de reorganização social das comunidades indígenas que demarcam suas territorialidades específicas na cidade e às reivindicações por uma Escola Diferenciada.

Estefanía Tocado Orviz

Clovis Carvalho Britto

O artigo analisa as estratégias de produção da crença no poeta João Silva Franco (1918-2008), conhecido como João Sapateiro, cujo legado instituiu uma memória topográfica protagonizada pela cidade de Laranjeiras/SE. Para além da análise de sua poética, visualizamos as estratégias de manipulação de seu legado destacando como o escritor e seus herdeiros legais e simbólicos promoveram agenciamentos em prol de sua distinção nas tramas da economia simbólica. Analisando a publicação de suas obras, a instituição de vigilâncias comemorativas e, principalmente, a instalação de uma estátua em sua homenagem no centro da cidade de pedras e de palavras, observamos os usos do passado, a instituição de uma memória topográfica e a trama de sua monumentalização como uma das figuras centrais na batalha das memórias que institui personalidades significativas no campo do patrimônio cultural de Laranjeiras/SE.

Pilar Pérez

This paper aims to be a presentation to a source that mobilizes new questions to researchers that deal with the Conquest of the Desert and the consolidation of the Argentinean state: the lists of indigenous prisoners in the concentration camp of Valcheta (1887). Firstly, we wonder about the relationship created by the “future” as a constitutive part of historical narratives. Secondly, we present our theoretical and methodological approach that we synthesize as the reconstruction of a "shattered archive". That is, a historical exercise to assemble the scattered evidence of silenced processes, particularly, due to institutional violence. Finally, the essay contextualizes the source both from its process of production as well as its circulation as part of the historical narrative that understands Valcheta as a concentration camp spatialized during the incorporation of indigenous peoples of Patagonia to the nation-state-territory matrix.

Rocío Quispe-Agnoli

J. Brunner

José Geraldo Costa Grillo, Pedro Paulo Funari

Os autores retomam os principais temas, abordagens e problemas da historiografia militar da Grécia Antiga com a finalidade de mostrar que as pesquisas se direcionam para uma abordagem cultural da guerra

A. Albarran

Á. Huguet, Judit Janés