Yasmine Putri Andrian, Tri Sulistiyono, Shinta Widi Deswinta
Introduction: Boycotts of products associated with support for Israel can have an impact on business and employment, especially for workers with Fixed-Time Employment Agreements.
Purposes of the Research: This study discusses the role of the government in providing legal protection for Fixed-Time Work Agreement workers in the midst of the boycott, with a case study on Starbucks Coffeeshop in Semarang City. The phenomenon of boycotts often affects the sustainability of the business and the stability of the workforce, especially Fixed-Time Employment Agreements workers who are more vulnerable to Termination of Employment.
Methods of the Research: This study uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, examining labor regulations and the implementation of legal protection policies for Fixed-Time Work Agreements workers in situations of business uncertainty due to boycott actions.
Results Main Findings of the Research: The results of the study show that labor regulations have regulated protections for Fixed-Time Work Agreement workers, including the right to compensation upon termination of employment. However, there is still room for improvement, especially in the aspect of supervision and law enforcement, so that every Fixed-Time Work Agreement worker can obtain his rights fairly and in accordance with applicable regulations. The government has a strategic role in ensuring that workers' rights remain protected, both through labor policies, industrial relations mediation, and the provision of legal aid for workers affected by Termination of Employment. The study recommends strengthening regulations and oversight to ensure more effective protections for Fixed-Time Employment Agreements workers amid the impact of boycotts on the employment sector.
Waliu M. ADEGBITE, Adefolakemi S. AYODELE, Adebukola O. DAGUNDURO
et al.
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) enhances students’ competencies by bridging the gap between practice and theory to improve employability. Despite this, there is limited empirical evidence concerning the programme's effectiveness in supporting capability development among participating students in Nigeria. This study, therefore, investigates whether SIWES enhances the development of the most sought-after employability competencies among participating students. One hundred and thirty-four students were sampled, and data was analyzed using a structural equation model. The study confirmed that SIWES enhances four out of the five competencies examined. The study concluded that SIWES offers significant benefits to students by fostering the development of competencies such as analytical, adaptability, ICT proficiency, problem-solving abilities, and people management skills, all of which are crucial for future employment. The study recommended that higher education providers strengthen and establish frameworks for effective SIWES programme to develop students' competency and prepare them for future jobs.
All the Esmailid castles in Alborz highlands are divided into two main groups, i.e. the castles whose footstone had been founded by Esmailids themselves and the ones that have been conquered by Fada'iyan and some other parts had been added to them. Alamut Castle is placed in the second group of castles, especially since the name of this castle can be observed alternately in historical sources up to the collapse of the Safavid dynasty. Alamut Castle was seized by the Mongol army in the middle of the seventh century AH. Consequently, the conquerors set off towards Baghdad and the losers who had given way to the Zaidiyyah Shiites of the Kiyaiyeh religion, continued their semi-independent life for two centuries. The areas under the control of Kia Family (780-1001 AH) also included Alamut and Taleghan except for Gilan. Indeed, Kia Family was founded by one of the students of Seyed Ghavam, namely Seyed Ali, under the influence of Mazandaran Marashian Movement (760-986 AH). The aforesaid government has been under the control of the Ajam Iraq since the time of Uzun Hassan, the fourth ruler of Aq Qoyunlu and was then overthrown by the Ghezelbash invasion (1001 AH) of the Safavid state. From that time onwards, the Safavids were the political decision-makers of Iran until the threshold of the industrial revolution. Thus, the conquest of Alamut Castle during the Mongol period did not mean the end of the castle's life. After that, it was used for a long time by the Esmailid survivors (New Government), Kiai Seyeds. Finally, it came under the control of the Safavid government and was used by this government as a place to keep the outcast (forgotten home). Alamut, as one of the homes of the northern coasts' trade route to the cities of Qazvin and Shahr-e-Rey and then toward Isfahan, has long played an important role in the transfer of Gilan silk to the central part of Iran. The Venetian merchants were the ones who first brought Chinese pottery made by the Ming to Iran from the east. Such type of pottery had a luxurious aspect at that time and later became very popular in the Safavid era. This claim is proven by the mass discovery of cultural artifacts from that period. For example, one can refer to a few blue and white pieces of porcelain made by the Ming empire with Chinese words (Kanji). In Japanese, Chinese script signs are referred to as Kanji. The current Kanji, as the conceptual logographic writing system, has been stabilized from the evolution of the first symbols and signs around 2000 to 2500 BC in the land of eastern China and then has entered the islands of Japan with the passage of time. In Iran, the blue-and-white pottery produced in the cities of Neyshabur during the Timurid empire and in Mashhad in the Safavid era has received the greatest influence from the contemporary motifs of the Ming dynasty in China. During this period, even the marks of the empire were sometimes imitated by Iranian potters. However, since these potters were not familiar with the Chinese script and writing system, the porcelains with Kanji, especially the ones obtained from various parts of Iran, including three pieces found during ancient archeological excavations at Alamut Castle should be considered as the imported ones. The purposes of this study are to re-read the Kanji text on porcelain potsherds and to date them, then, to determine their periods to analyze and understand the archaeological status of Alamut Castle after Mongols invasion. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The material of this research comes from archaeological excavations and then translated into Persian by library method. The main question of the research is: these potsherds belong to which historical period and how must they be interpreted in archaeological and historical context? Some pieces of porcelain were discovered in Alamut Castle. These pieces in Chinese script (Kanji), representative of three emperors, namely " Chenghua (成化)", "Jiajing (嘉靖)", and "Wanli (萬曆帝)", are contemporary with Uzun Hassan (the ruler of Aq Qoyunlu), and two Safavid kings, i.e. Shah Tahmasp I, and Abbas the Great, respectively. The name of "Chenghua" can be observed in one of the pieces, while each of the other two pieces have four common auspicious words in the blue and white dishes of the "Jiajing" era and his grandchild, "Wanli". In addition, the crab relief is seen in the inner surface of one of the pieces as a common relief, favored by the artists of this period. Therefore, this finding, along with other cultural data obtained from Alamut Castle, indicates the continued resumption of political and social life in the region following the Mongol invasion, especially its trade relations during the reign of Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens and of the Safavids.
Since the 1980’s, there was a growing interest into the privatization of public sector in Israel, under the influence of New Public Management. The present study analysis the influence of the employment status of public employees in Israe, on their work efficiency, satisfaction and on their organization performance. Using a quantitative research approach, 11 hypotheses were tested on a sample of 550 public employees with different employment status in the local authority of Givat Shmuel Municipality in Israel. The results show that that there is a strong relationship Cramer's V = 0.441 and significant correlation between an efficient employee (including/excluding causes of absenteeism) and employees with the different status of the employment (P <0.05, 388.44 = (44) 2χ). Also, the results indicate that between an efficient employee, excluding the factor of absenteeism, and status of employment there is a strong relationship, but weaker than the employee efficiency when including the factor of absenteeism: Cramer's V = 0.394 (P <0.05, 309.73 = (56) 2χ). A positive correlation was found between employees’ quality of service and the local authority’s performance (r s=0.541, p<0.05). An important finding is that an employee who is satisfied with his job, despite the tension arising from the different employment status as well as a low level of commitment among the other contract workers, is a motivated employee who will still contribute a higher level of performance of the public authority. Several recommendations for public managers are also formulated.
Public relations. Industrial publicity, Political institutions and public administration (General)
The article discusses the possibilities of developing trade cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf. The purpose of the work is to identify and analyse specific sectors of the economy that may offer potential interest in the event of the creation of a free trade zone between integration associations. As a result of the study, potential opportunities for trade and economic cooperation in the agro-industrial complex were identified. The methods of analysis and comparison of data from information and analytical materials on the advantages and trends of foreign trade relations of the EAEU and GCC countries were used. The state of the matter at the political level is indicated, as well as the main barriers and potential risks to the growth of trade. The relevance of the work lies in the need to diversify foreign trade partners and ensure the sustainability of economic growth for the integration associations under consideration in the conditions of macroeconomic turbulence, global disruption of supply chains and the general degree of high tension in international economic relations.
The structural transformation adventure of urbanization in global cities is always closely linked to economic development. Today, thanks to the demographic transformation that includes this economic situation, migrants have started to spread to small and medium-sized cities and global cities with less capacity and resources. In this process, the attitude of city administrations can balance the demographic change that occurs and the opportunities and costs that may be created by a wave of immigration. At the same time, it is important for cities to be prepared for possible situations by having future plans in place, to shape the future of both cities and their demographic structure in a positive sense. Although national legislation can regulate cross-border migration, concepts that can reveal the effects of migration on cities are needed. Among these, countries with weaknesses in areas such as city planning, financing and management, land allocation, housing supply, and basic services fall short of controlling migration flow and demographic planning. In addition, population changes that change and shape the demographic structure of cities on a global scale should be handled within this framework. Planning to be made on a global scale and with a holistic perspective will help each city shape its expectations about its future visually.
Industrial relations, Social insurance. Social security. Pension
Seyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi, Mohammad Ebrahim Khatami
Purpose: In today's world, due to the increasing progress of the world in various fields, the needs and wants of customers in improving the quality of services and consumer goods have increased. These needs, which occur implicitly and explicitly, have grown significantly in all areas of industrial units. On the other hand, organizations that seek to meet customer expectations and needs are forced to use the tools and systems that they have. Quality performance enhancement is one of the most essential tools to help achieve this goal.Methodology: This study intends to evaluate the needs of companies using a questionnaire and a combination of quality performance and fuzzy DEMATEL. The statistical population of this research includes service companies in Razi industrial town. Using Cochran's formula, 120 companies were selected as a sample, and a needs prioritization questionnaire was sent to them.Findings: Based on the research results, the company identified 64 needs, and drinking water was the company's priority. Then, this company identified 8 services or technical requirements, and the Quality House determined the relations between the needs of Razi Industrial City Service Company customers. Service priority was set.Originality/Value: The quality performance enhancement technique is an essential tool for translating the customer's voice, considering their wants and needs, and prioritizing the technical requirements of production, which was used for the first time in this study.
Purpose. As a European granary, Ukraine has rich agricultural resources. China is a country with a large population and has a large demand for food. However, the agricultural trade between the two countries has only achieved rapid development in recent years, and is not closely linked in related trade areas. This article studies the current situation of agricultural trade between the two sides, analyzes the trade data, finds out challenges, and provides suggestions for further promoting trade cooperation between the two sides.
Methodology / approach. The categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 under the HS Code of the General Merchandise Trade Statistics Database of the People’s Republic of China are used as agricultural trade statistics categories with a time span of 2014–2019 trade data. The relevant data of agricultural product trade are sorted and there is statistics, which objectively explain the current status of trade exchanges between the two sides; the results of the analysis of the trade data are put forward, and the problems existing in the development of China-Ukraine trade and the factors affecting the development are raised.
Results. According to the results of the analysis, from 2014 to 2019, China’s agricultural products imported from Ukraine accounted for 45.5 % of the total import trade. Agricultural products occupy a very important position in China’s import trade from Ukraine in terms of trade scale. Among them, the import of cereals and other products accounted for 95.7 % of the total imported plant products. Ukraine, the European granary, has become China's main food importer. In 2019, China replaced India as the largest food importer of Ukraine; In terms of export trade, mechanical and electrical products, base metals and light industrial products occupy an important position. From 2014 to 2019, China’s agricultural exports to Ukraine accounted for only 2.6 % of the total export trade, which is a small share. This shows that China and Ukraine have strong complementarity in terms of total trade volume and agricultural product trade. In the future, the two countries can further strengthen cooperation to expand their own advantages and better promote the development of trade between the two countries.
Originality / scientific novelty. Due to the geographical distance between China and Ukraine, the political instability of the post-independence republic as a former Soviet Union led to less economic and trade exchanges between Ukraine and China. Scientists did not study much on economic and trade relations between China and Ukraine. Most of the research deal with macro trade policy aspects, but the innovation of this article lies in the use of statistical data for empirical analysis, to show the current status of trade between the two sides, and to make recommendations for the further development of bilateral trade.
Practical value / implications. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Ukraine in 1992, the relations between the two countries have developed smoothly. In 2011, the two countries established a strategic partnership of cooperation. Subsequently, trade cooperation in various fields has continued to develop, especially in the agricultural product trade. In recent years, total agricultural trade has doubled. In 2019, China became the largest importer of Ukrainian agricultural products. After China proposed the implementation of the «Belt and Road» initiative, Ukraine actively participated in the «Belt and Road» framework agreement. The research on agricultural trade between the two sides will be of great significance to promote further and deeper cooperation between the two sides in the field of agricultural trade and expand and create a wider development space.
Under special subheadings were shortly described: main periods of communication; four levels of literacy; information processes, operations and institutions in historical perspective; main chain of informational „contact points“;
relationships between „contact points“; and some hints for policy concerning
institutions, such as archives, libraries, and documentation centres, as well as
new ones using unconventional tools, such as computer and telecommunication centers. Above all the role of education of potential originators of new
information (e-mitters) and various kind of users (absorbers) at the university
level is emphasized.
Communication. Mass media, Public relations. Industrial publicity
At the beginning of the XX century, the industrial sector was revolutionized by the implementation of the Scientific Management, a new managerial approach seeking for production efficiency to the detriment of the workers’ autonomy based on meticulously planned activities and consistent performances monitoring. Through the century, this method has evolved with the implementation of new technologies such as the algorithms, robust codes able to increase productivity significantly by enabling companies from the industrial sector to the logistics to monitor, plan and control their workers’ performances as strictly as possible. The gig economy is the economic sector, which most of it all is applying this new management approach, drastically changing the relations between workers and employers, modifying the very nature of the employment status. Fundamental rights and industrial relations are at stake when there is no more contact between humans and when workers are managed by apps empowered to control their working tasks and to dismiss them, which raises severe questions on the accountability of these decisions. Public institutions and trade unions are facing new challenges to protect those workers considered by companies as “independent contractors” that attracted by secure payments, and stable schedules decide to become gig workers. Especially those that are de facto working as full-time employees without having their fundamental rights nor benefits recognized due to the unregulated nature of their contracts. This article aims to investigate the origin of this pressing social issue, its inherent characteristics, the risks connected with non-bias free algorithms’ use, and their lack of legal accountability. Moreover, starting from the underlying assumption that fundamental workers’ rights and performance management might work together toward a more efficient and liquid society, algorithmic management’s future evolution will be questioned regarding the ethical outcomes of its implementation
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
O presente artigo tem como objetivo formalizar um modelo para analisar de que forma a celeridade e a morosidade na punição de carteis pelas autoridades de defesa da concorrência impacta os incentivos à formação de carteis. O modelo tem como base um jogo infinitamente repetido em que as empresas comparam os possíveis ganhos de respeitar o acordo de cartel com os ganhos de trair o combinado. Os resultados indicam que a demora na punição aumenta os incentivos ao cartel, ao mesmo tempo em que uma demora demasiadamente longa praticamente anula o efeito do enforcement antitruste na dissuasão de carteis. Os resultados fornecem importantes recomendações para as autoridades antitruste ao redor do mundo e para o CADE no Brasil, principalmente sobre a importância da celeridade na punição de infrações anticompetitivas.
The employment problem acquires the character of flexibility under the influence of the adaptation
of the market economy, transforming into various forms of employment. Non-standard forms of
employment have become the total definition of this phenomenon. This term is already consistently
entered into the era of post-industrial economy in developed countries in the 1970s. Under the
influence of constantly changing conditions, the post-industrial era issues new labor relations. This
article is devoted to the nonstandard employment of Kazakhstan. There are legal regulation, legislative
aspects: independent, distance, home, temporary employment and work of disabled people
(working hours). The issues of productive and unproductive employment are covered. The article
examines the peculiarities of the legislation about employment protection, where considers the balance
of labor protection rigidity, and the degree of flexibility of labor legislation, thus, the balance
of labor laws determines the number of unemployed who, in turn, lead to non-standard forms of
employment. Examined utterance of self-employment in Kazakhstan and the different approach of
state bodies to this phenomenon. The aspects of social insurance and granting of benefits for loss of
work in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied. Legislative moments of registration of individual
entrepreneurship have been studied. The procedure for registering the unemployed in the employment
center. Foreign experience It is given mainly in Germany, where questions of employment of
elderly people on non-permanent work are covered. The study of non-standard forms of employment
is limited to surface assessments, which are largely due to the diversity of forms of employment,
therefore it is required to improve the methodological basis for determining the scope of this
phenomenon and his dynamics.
Economics as a science, Marketing. Distribution of products
The US economy is one of the richest and most diversified economies in the world and keeps its leadership in the global economy for the past 100 years. The United States is a global leader in computer technology, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of medical, aerospace and military equipment. And although services make up about 80% of GDP, the US remains the second largest producer of industrial goods in the world and is a leader in research and development.
President Donald Trump was elected in November 2016, promising a big gap with his predecessor’s regulatory, tax and trade policies. Therefore, the current socio-economic status of the USA and the possible ways of its development in the future are interesting for studying the impact on other economies, in particular, on the Ukrainian economy and the search for new and optimal ways of developing relations between the United States and Ukraine.
Key macroeconomic indicators of the US economy in 2011–2018 are analyzed, demonstrating the influence of Donald Tramp’s new policy on changes in the indicators of the economy, the labor market, trade, etc., as well as possible ways of development in the coming years. The review of key macroeconomic indicators gives grounds for classifying the American economy as healthy one. Rates of GDP growth will remain in the range of 2 to 3%. These rates of growth in the world’s largest economy are callable to ensure a substantial increase in the global activity. But uncertainties in the politics may hinder global growth and have clearly negative impact on the investment growth in developed and developing economies.
The article deals with the processes of changes in the structure of labor and industrial relations in the era of the digital economy. The new information technology is reshaping labor processes and workers, the employment structure and the professional structure. Technological and managerial transformation of labor and production relations effects society as a whole, causing the emergence of a new social structure, increasing the number of places for managers and skilled specialists, the emergence of a global labor market. Computer-mediated communication is of critical importance in the work process and social relations. New technology trends are favorable to all forms of flexibility and improve the professional structure. A new generation of managers and highly intelligent workers is being formed, and growing educational requirements set innovative tasks for education and introduce new standards of training.
Innovation Engineering (IE) is an educational training program that presents tools and advice on product innovation in three main categories: Create, idea generation; Communicate, communicating ideas; and Commercialize, selecting ideas to invest in further. The concepts taught in IE include common suggestions for early-stage product innovation. This paper addresses a challenge of implementing the IE program, specifically that it does not provide peer-reviewed sources or adequate data to substantiate its approach. This lack of substantiation limits effective implementation at companies. This paper also takes a step in examining IE’s claims that it is ‘a new science’ and a ‘new field of academic study’, a topic motivated by the Design Science Journal’s aim to serve as the archival venue of science-based design knowledge across multiple disciplines. This paper provides a compilation of academic literature that has tested the tools and advice espoused by IE. Almost all included papers contain test-versus-control experimental evidence. A mix of supporting and refuting evidence was found. Overall, the work provides a useful compilation of evidence-of-effectiveness related to common innovation and design practices that spans different design stages and is applicable for multiple disciplines and industries. This evidence comes from a variety of sources, including design, engineering education, psychology, marketing, and management. The work can also serve as an approach to evaluate overarching approaches to design in general, specifically, testing the foundations by vetting related test-versus-control experimental studies.
This paper maps the labour law reforms in various European countries either triggered by the crisis or introduced using the crisis. Such reforms generally render existing labour law provisions more flexible and loosen minimum standards, shifting the emphasis to soft law (deregulation). In some countries it consists only of piecemeal although significant deregulatory measures, while in others it involves far-reaching overhauls of the whole labour code. Furthermore, in several countries fundamental changes are being made to industrial relations structures and processes which might jeopardise social dialogue and collective bargaining there. The author critically address this large-scale deregulation of labour law currently taking place, in particular the lack of democratic foundations underlying the reforms and their negative impact on fundamental social rights and workers’ protection.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
Este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise das interações existentes entre dois importantes mecanismos de combate a cartéis: os programas de leniência e as ações de responsabilidade civil concorrencial. Com base nas experiências dos Estados Unidos e União Europeia, são avaliadas alternativas à legislação brasileira que possibilitem uma interação coordenada e equilibrada entre a aplicação pública e privada do Direito Concorrencial, de forma a conferir maior efetividade à política de combate a cartéis do Brasil. Nesse sentido, são analisadas, especialmente (i) a limitação ao acesso e a utilização de informações obtidas através de programa de leniência em ações de reparação civil; (ii) a limitação da responsabilidade solidária do delator; e (iii) a possibilidade de concessão de imunidade civil aos beneficiários da leniência.