Hasil untuk "Industrial productivity"

F. Taylor

This work outlines Frederick Winslow Taylor's philosophy and practical applications of The Principles of Scientific Management. Taylor argues that the greatest loss suffered by the country is the waste of human effort due to industrial inefficiency, a problem even larger than the conservation of material resources. The primary goal is to secure maximum prosperity for the employer (permanent success and high dividends) and maximum prosperity for each employee (high wages and development to maximum efficiency). The key to this prosperity is maximum productivity. Taylor contends that the widespread practice of "soldiering" (deliberately working slowly) and inefficient "rule-of-thumb" methods stems from the underlying antagonism between labor and management. Scientific Management presumes that the true interests of the two sides are identical and proposes four fundamental principles: 1) Develop a true science for each element of a man's work, replacing old rule-of-thumb methods; 2) Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman; 3) Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all work is done in accordance with the developed science; 4) Establish an almost equal division of work and responsibility between the management and the workmen, with the management taking over planning and preparatory duties. The essence of this cooperation is for management to daily assign a carefully planned, high-paying task to each workman and teach him how to perform it using scientific methods. Taylor provides practical illustrations, from simple labor like shoveling and bricklaying to complex machine work, demonstrating that scientific analysis can double productivity and lead to a 30% to 100% wage increase for workmen, resulting in industrial peace and prosperity.

Jovita Balandaitė, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Rasa Kimbirauskienė et al.

Abstract Herbaceous plant biomass is an important resource for energy production and an effective strategy to ensure energy supply independence. Growing agricultural plant mixtures (multicrops) contributes to increasing biomass yields, enhancing farm biodiversity, improving soil health, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, most crop mixtures have not been studied at all. For this reason, stationary field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Kaunas reg., Lithuania. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development and productivity of maize, industrial hemp and faba bean single crops and its binary and ternary mixtures, as well as the related energy and environmental aspects of the applied agrotechnologies, under short growing season conditions. Faba bean ecosystem services improved maize and industrial hemp growth in mixtures, increasing plant height by 14%, leaf assimilation area by 24%, and chlorophyll index by 19%, indicating enhanced nitrogen availability and photosynthetic activity in companion crops. Although biomass of individual species decreased in more diverse mixtures, total plot biomass increased, with the ternary maize–hemp–faba bean crop producing 4–8 times more dried biomass than single crops in the first year. The ternary system achieved the highest Comprehensive evaluation index (CEI = 4.54) and the greatest net energy yield (367,668 MJ ha⁻1) despite higher fuel consumption (103.3 L ha⁻1). Pellets produced from ternary biomass met quality standards (density 1238 kg m⁻3, ash 6%, ash shrinkage temperature 1042 °C), while Life cycle assessment showed lower environmental impacts for mixed-crop biomass compared with single maize crop (29.1 kg CO₂ eq GJ⁻1). Overall, diversified cropping systems demonstrate strong potential for sustainable biomass production and environmentally efficient bioenergy generation.

Ramin Delir Nazarlou, Samita Salim, Michael Wiegand et al.

High-speed friction stir welding (HSFSW) has emerged as a promising technique for improving the manufacturing efficiency of aluminum alloy structures by enabling faster welding while maintaining the quality of welded joints. This study investigates the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of AA 7020-T651 aluminum alloy joints welded using a novel multi-pin tool at high feed rates ranging from 2500 to 6000 mm/min under a constant rotational speed of 4000 rpm. Defect-free welds were successfully fabricated, as confirmed by metallographic analysis and micro-computed tomography (<i>µ</i>-CT). The multi-pin tool facilitated consistent material flow and heat distribution, which contributed to reliable joint formation across all feed rates. At the highest feed rate, the tensile strength reached 76% of the base material. A consistent softening in the nugget zone (NZ) was observed, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed a more than 70% grain size reduction in this zone, averaging ~3 µm, due to dynamic recrystallization. These findings underscore the suitability of HSFSW with multi-pin tools for high-speed industrial applications, offering enhanced productivity without compromising structural integrity.

Kheloufi Abdenour, Mansouri Lahouaria Mounia

Nicotiana rustica L., an economically important plant species cultivated for medicinal and industrial purposes, remains understudied in terms of seed germination dynamics under salinity stress. This study examines six key germination attributes, including final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time, time to 50% germination, seedling length, germination tolerance index, and seed vigor index, over a period of seven days. This study investigates the influence of varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM, on the germination kinetics of Nicotiana rustica seeds. The results reveal a significant effect of salinity on N. rustica germination, with increasing NaCl concentrations leading to reductions in FGP, delayed germination kinetics, inhibited seedling growth, and compromised seed vigor and tolerance. N. rustica seeds demonstrated a moderate sensitivity, with FGP declining from 99.3% at 0 mM NaCl to 7.66% at 300 mM NaCl. Statistical analysis confirmed these trends, showing highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among NaCl treatments for all germination traits. These findings improve our understanding of the physiological responses of N. rustica to salinity stress and highlight the importance of developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on seed germination and crop productivity.

Yunxia Wu, Hongjun Zeng, Neng Hao et al.

In the face of a rapidly changing and increasingly complex global environment, rising economic policy uncertainty destabilizes market expectations. This makes construction companies more prudent in export decision-making, as they must navigate risks related to international investments, contract fulfillment, and long-term project management. Investigating how economic policy uncertainty affects these decisions can aid construction companies in refining their international strategies to better withstand policy volatility and devise robust risk management approaches. This research uses data from Chinese industrial and customs manufacturing enterprises, applying econometric models to empirically examine how economic policy uncertainty affects the domestic value-added rate of construction enterprises’ exports and to uncover the mechanisms driving this impact. The study finds that: (1) In general, an increase in economic policy uncertainty can promote the domestic value added rate of construction enterprises’ exports. (2) This promotion effect is stronger for foreign funded construction enterprises, large-scale enterprises, construction enterprises with low value chain status, and construction enterprises with medium high and high technology levels. (3) It suggests that an increase in economic policy uncertainty on exporting construction enterprises. The “forced innovation effect” is significant, which in turn brings about an increase in the domestic value-added rate of construction enterprises’ exports. However, total factor productivity does not play a significant role in the process of the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the construction enterprise export domestic value added rate. This paper is of great significance for enterprises to objectively recognize the “policy dividend” and its accompanying risks implied by economic policy changes.

Bagus Hari Sugiharto

In the era of industrial revolution 4.0, the role of E-commerce for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is becoming increasingly important as a digital marketing strategy. This research aims to investigate the impact of E-commerce adoption by MSMEs in facing changes in global business dynamics. Through the Systematic Literature Review method, we analyzed relevant academic literature to understand the level of adoption, benefits, digital marketing strategies, and the impact of the industrial revolution 4.0 on MSMEs that adopt E-commerce. The research results show that MSMEs that adopt E-commerce experience increased competitiveness through market expansion, increased operational efficiency, and direct interaction with consumers. Digital marketing strategies, such as the use of social media and online advertising, dominate MSME efforts to increase visibility. The role of E-commerce has also proven vital in helping MSMEs adapt to the industrial revolution 4.0. The conclusions of this research highlight the complexity of the challenges and opportunities facing MSMEs, including technological barriers and the need for digital skills development. Policy implications include government support, digital skills development, facilitation of collaboration between MSMEs, and industry 4.0 awareness campaigns. This research provides in-depth insight into the crucial role of E-commerce for MSMEs in facing the industrial revolution 4.0, with the hope of providing guidance for practitioners, researchers and policies to support the growth and sustainability of MSMEs in this digital era.

Megan S. Adams, Taal Levi, Mathieu Bourbonnais et al.

Abstract Wildlife must increasingly balance trade‐offs between the need to access important foods and the mortality risks associated with human‐dominated landscapes. Human disturbance can profoundly influence wildlife behavior, but managers know little about the relationship between disturbance–behavior dynamics and associated consequences for foraging. We address this gap by empirically investigating the consequences of human activity on a keystone predator–prey interaction in a region with limited but varied industrial disturbance. Using stable isotope data from 226 hair samples of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) collected from 1995 to 2014 across 22 salmon‐bearing watersheds (88,000 km2) in British Columbia, Canada, we examined how human activity influenced their consumption of spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), a fitness‐related food. Accounting for the abundance of salmon and other foods, salmon consumption strongly decreased (up to 59% for females) with increasing human disturbance (as measured by the human footprint index) in riparian zones of salmon‐bearing rivers. Declines in salmon consumption occurred with disturbance even in watersheds with low footprints. In a region currently among the least influenced by industrial activity, intensification of disturbance in river valleys is predicted to increasingly decouple bears from salmon, possibly driving associated reductions in population productivity and provisioning of salmon nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems. Accordingly, we draw on our results to make landscape‐scale and access‐related management recommendations beyond current streamside protection buffers. This work illustrates the interaction between habitat modification and food security for wildlife, highlighting the potential for unacknowledged interactions and cumulative effects in increasingly modified landscapes.

Qiong Shen, Yuxi Pan, Yanchao Feng

Abstract With growing concerns over resource depletion and environmental degradation, the role of high-speed railways in fostering a transition towards sustainable energy sources has gained prominence. Against this background, we treat the opening of high-speed railways as a quasi-natural study, analyze data from Chinese industrial enterprises and 285 prefecture-level cities to investigate the impact of high-speed railways on environmental sustainability, specifically focusing on fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that the introduction of high-speed railways has been instrumental in promoting eco-friendly development, as evidenced by a notable reduction in traditional resource consumption and carbon emissions along the railway routes. This inhibitory effect has strengthened over time and with increasing distance from the railway. Additionally, we identify significant spatial spillover and spatial conduction effects resulting from high-speed railway operations. Heterogeneity tests reveal that third-tier cities, non-megacities, and mature resource-based cities are particularly receptive to these sustainable impacts. Besides, Mechanism analysis suggests that accelerated elements flow, enhanced technological innovation, improved labor productivity, and upgrading of industrial structure serve as potential pathways leading to eco-sustainability. These findings highlight the environmentally friendly attributes of high-speed railways and underscore the pressing need for effective policy measures to facilitate a global transition towards renewable energy, both in China and worldwide.

Siyuan Gao, Ding Ma, Yongtao Wang et al.

Abstract Dopamine is high-value compound of pharmaceutical interest, but its industrial scale production mostly focuses on chemical synthesis, possessing environment pollution. Bio-manufacturing has caused much attention for its environmental characteristic. Resting cells were employed to as biocatalysts with extraordinary advantages like offering stable surroundings, the inherent presence of expensive cofactors. In this study, whole-cell bioconversion was employed to convert dopa to dopamine. To increase the titer and yield of dopamine production through whole-cell catalysis, three kinds of aromatic amino acid transport protein, AroP, PheP and TyrP, were selected to be co-expressed. The effects of the concentration of L-dopa, pyridoxal-5’- phosphate (PLP), reaction temperature and pH were characterized for improvement of bioconversion. Under optimal conditions, dopamine titer reached 1.44 g/L with molar yield of 46.3%, which is 6.62 times than that of initial conditions. The catalysis productivity of recombinant E. coli co-expressed L-dopa decarboxylase(DDC) and AroP was further enhanced by repeated cell recycling, which maintained over 50% of its initial ability with eight consecutive catalyses. This study was the first to successfully bioconversion of dopamine by whole-cell catalysis. This research provided reference for whole-cell catalysis which is hindered by cell membrane.

Marco Esteban Gudiño Gomezjurado, Diego Almeida-Galárraga, Evelyn Dayana Aguiar Salazar et al.

Atmospheric nitrogen fixation carried out by microorganisms has environmental and industrial importance, related to the increase of soil fertility and productivity. The present work proposes the development of a new high precision system that allows the recognition of amino acid sequences of the nitrogenase enzyme (NifH) as a promising way to improve the identification of diazotrophic bacteria. For this purpose, a database obtained from UniProt built a processed dataset formed by a set of 4911 and 4782 amino acid sequences of the NifH and non-NifH proteins respectively. Subsequently, the feature extraction was developed using two methodologies: (i) k-mers counting and (ii) embedding layers to obtain numerical vectors of the amino acid chains. Afterward, for the embedding layer, the data was crossed by an external trainable convolutional layer, which received a uniform matrix and applied convolution using filters to obtain the feature maps of the model. Finally, a deep neural network was used as the primary model to classify the amino acid sequences as NifH protein or not. Performance evaluation experiments were carried out, and the results revealed an accuracy of 96.4%, a sensitivity of 95.2%, and a specificity of 96.7%. Therefore, an amino acid sequence-based feature extraction method that uses a neural network to detect N-fixing organisms is proposed and implemented. NIFtHool is available from: https://nifthool.anvil.app/

Meral Çalış Duman

Societies today are transforming rapidly owing to impacts from sources as diverse as climate change and environmental problems, the COVID-19 pandemic, and Industry 4.0. In particular, the potential benefits created by the fourth industrial revolution in the production and industrial sectors have forced businesses to make dramatic transformations. However, Industry 4.0 focuses on productivity in production and industry but falls short on social issues, such as climate change, various diseases, and ecological balance; the vision of Society 5.0 or Industry 5.0 is to correct this deficiency. Society 5.0 refers to societies’ transformations from information to super-intelligent societies, a more sustainable model, integrating societies with Industry 4.0 to solve problems. This study aimed to contribute to the literature by expanding the understanding of Society 5.0 in terms of its place, importance, efficiency, and potential as a basis for future studies. In this context, some conceptual inferences were made by examining the studies in the related literature. Findings indicate a significant role for the vision of Society 5.0 on societies’ well-being and achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, Society 5.0 is crucial for Turkey’s international economic and social competitiveness. The objective was to raise awareness by drawing a theoretical framework and encouraging future research on Society 5.0 with emphasis on more details in terms of practices and strategies, especially in the domestic literature.

Hamed Naderi, Mohammad Ali Rastegar

In recent years, after the economic crises, the value of operational risk assessment has been observed in the financial industry, while the biggest impact of operational risk has been on the banking industry. As a result, more attention has been paid to operational risk assessment in the banking industry after the financial crisis. Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss caused by the inadequacy or inefficiency of internal processes, people, systems, or external events. In this regard, institutions and banks have been looking for operational risk assessment by taking different approaches, including the approaches of the Basel Committee. The current research aimed to review operational risk management in the banking industry. Using the meta-synthesis method, 643 related research documents between 2000 and 2022 were gathered from among reliable scientific databases. By using this method, 43 final documents made the basis for extracting the findings. Finally, this method identified 5 main categories, including operational risk, risk assessment, risk quantification methods, risk analysis, and risk management, as well as 10 subcategories consisting of 43 concepts and 169 codes. The results were confirmed based on the experts’ opinions with a kappa index of 0.756.Keywords: Operational risk, Advanced Measurement Approach, Basic Index Approach, Standard Approach, Risk Management. IntroductionThe significant losses suffered by financial and non-financial institutions from various non-credit and non-market processes and factors have made many managers and decision-makers of these organizations pay attention to the field of "operational risk". Operational risk and its management methods are significant topics in the banking industry. They have potential effects on the performance of banks and financial institutions. According to the conducted research, authors have looked at risk from different perspectives. The relevant groups have focused on the definition of risk, classification of operational risk events, measurement and characteristics of operational risk management, and comparative analysis of different estimates (Barakat & Hussainey, 2013). Method and DataThe current study was an applied research based on collecting documentary information. Using the meta-combination method, 643 related research documents between 2000 and 2022 were gathered from reliable scientific databases. By using this method, 43 documents finally made the basis for extracting the findings. FindingsUsing the meta-synthesis method, 643 related research documents between 2000 and 2022 were gathered from reliable scientific databases. By using this method, 43 documents made the basis for extracting the findings. Finally, this method identified 5 main categories, including operational risk, risk assessment, risk quantification methods, risk analysis, and risk management, as well as 10 subcategories, 43 concepts, and 169 codes. The results were confirmed based on the experts’ opinions with a kappa index of 0.756. Discussion of results & Conclusion In this research, the studies conducted in the field of operational risk were classified by using the meta-synthesis method. The meta-synthesis method was consisted of 7 steps. First, the questions related to the research were designed. In the second stage of the systematic literature review, 643 related articles in the field of operational risk from 2000 to 2022 were collected. In the next step, the related articles were selected based on title, abstract, and text. Then, 43 related articles were identified and 169 codes were extracted. Afterwards, the data analysis and data synthesis were done and the numbers of main categories, subcategories, and concepts were identified. In the sixth stage, quality control was performed and used to determine the value of Cronbach's alpha from the experts’ points of view. In the last stage, the relationships between the research findings were shown by using a tree diagram. In the field of operational risk, the meta-synthesis method had not been used for systematic review, classification, and categorization of the results of the articles. In this research, unlike the previous research, the related articles were classified by using the meta-synthesis method. Then, the categories and concepts were extracted and the relationships between them were shown in the form of a tree diagram.

Sodkomkham Thanwarhat, Ratanatamskul Chavalit, Chandrachai Achara

The study objective was to examine, develop and apply an integrated lean management, IoT and MFCA system to optimize water management of industrial manufacturing in Thailand to increase efficiency. The results of a case study reduced water use in production processes by 15% per annum, with cost reduction of approximately US$12, 182. Reduced water consumption renders production processes more environmentally friendly, with increased ease and accuracy in managing water resources. Production processes also become more valuable by applying a modern management approach using industrial engineering techniques that enhance productivity, while reducing costs and increasing competitiveness. Results can be used to balance business development and promote the economy, society and environment in Thailand in the future.

Rafhael Friederiche Ribeiro, Béda Barkokébas Junior, Eliane Maria Gorga Lago et al.

Abstract Paper aims Conduct a set of case studies on risk management in telecommunication companies, in order to reduce the risks of accidents. Originality The present study furthers the discussion of risk management during the maintenance of telecommunication towers. Research method Three teams were assessed during their maintenance work. The risks of accidents were identified through self-made questionnaires and the checklist structured from 95 items from Brazilian regulatory and technical norms. The analysis was conducted by using the Hazard Rating Number and the OHSAS hierarchy of risk control, finally comparing the results with the OSHA´s potential draft of the standard addressing telecommunication tower safety. Main findings The main risks of accidents were: falling objects; falls from height; electrocution; and attacks from animals. Only 20% of occupational safety items were in conformity. Implications for theory and practice Suggestions on control measures were given and discussed for all four risks of accidents.

Yan Xu, Jianqiang Fan, Haicheng Xu

Although China’s toll highways are world-renowned, they suffer from indisputable operational inefficiencies. Operationally, China’s toll highway sector is characterized by an administrative monopoly. In particular, governmental loan-repayment highways have such characteristics as franchising, monopoly, and “one highway by one company.” Hence, this study concentrates on the relationship between economic performance, administrative monopoly, and scale efficiency with respect to toll highways, and explores how the China-specific administrative monopoly affects the transformation of toll highways from scale to efficiency. Using the globally referenced data envelopment analysis- (DEA-) Malmquist Index, this study first measures the operational efficiency of China’s toll highway sector from 2010 to 2017. Based on provincial panel data, this paper then discusses the relationship between toll highway scale and economic performance through system-generalized method of moments estimation and verifies the status quo of the transformation of toll highways from scale to efficiency. From the provincial and industrial perspectives, this study further verifies how an administrative monopoly restricts the transformation from scale to total factor productivity and scale efficiency through the unique operation pattern in the toll highway sector. Finally, this study conducts an extended analysis of the relationship between operational efficiency and debt in the toll highway sector. The administrative monopoly is found to increase the debt burden of the toll highway sector and to have a negative impact on the long-term sustainability of the sector.

Hui Sun, Xiong Zhong

With the development of the globalization of science and technology, innovation has become an important driving force for regional economic development. As a core element of regional innovation, financial R&D resources have also become a key element to enhance national innovation capabilities and national economic competitiveness. National and regional innovation capabilities have a direct impact. There are also many deep-seated problems behind the world-renowned achievements, such as irrational industrial structure, insufficient independent innovation capabilities, low resource utilization efficiency, and the service quality and efficiency of financial institutions for the transformation of total factor productivity. These problems extremely restrict the efficiency upgrade and further development of our country’s total factor productivity. This study uses the DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in 28 provinces and regions in China in the past 10 years and uses Mapinfo12.0 software to analyze regional differences in the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in China from a spatial perspective. During the year, the overall R&D resource allocation efficiency of 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China has shown an upward trend. The efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation and the concentration of financial factors have had a positive impact on total factor productivity, transform and upgrade factors, increase total factor productivity, and provide empirical evidence for building a strong country.

Hamed Mohammadi, Hossein teymouri

The Assessment of Health, Safety and Environment Management System in Zanjan Zinc Industrial Plants from the Resilience Engineering Perspective in 2018. Hossein Teymouri1,Hamed Mohammedi1, 2* 1Department of Health, Safty, Environmental Magement, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Zanjan, Iran. 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. *Correspoding author: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Tel; +98-9122101659, E-Mail: ham19@zums.ac.ir. & hamohammadi19@gmail.com. Abstract Background and aims: Today, the use of the Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS) in the workplace to protect the health of employees, reduce occupational incidents, create a safe environment, modify or eliminating harmful impacts on the environment, increase productivity and sustainable development. In perspective of resilience, attention is paid to the intra-system and its reproducibility, learning mechanisms, component integration, and other features that enhance the system's adaptability to any environmental changes and shocks. Resilience Engineering(RE), as a new approach to management systems, seeks to maintain system performance under different conditions, relying on strength instead of weaknesses.  The resilience engineering perspective is a new and attractive approach because it emphasizes the preview models of human error analysis and considers the system as a whole. This focus is on present and future safety, that is, preventive safety rather than reactive safety, and so it is not just focused on past mistakes. This approach views humans as an integral part of resilience and does not focus solely on technical components or redundancy as key elements in enhancing immunity in systems. In the resilience perspective, unlike the vulnerability perspective that emphasizes outward looking within the system, attention is paid to the system and its reproducibility, learning mechanisms, component integration, and other features that enhance system adaptability to any environmental changes and shocks. . Therefore, resilience absorbs perturbations and effects by improving the system's capabilities and capabilities, and facilitates return to pre-perturbation state for the system. As all control systems fail over time or become obsolete due to changes, continuous performance measurement of HSE management under the resilience engineering parameter is necessary. Such measurement can occur at different levels, such as individual workstations, individual management processes, or at the level of the HSE management system in general. Investigating integrated health, safety and environmental management systems from a resilience engineering perspective can emphasize the benefits of reducing vulnerability to hazards, increasing safety levels and reducing harmful environmental impacts or mitigating environmental impacts. The purpose of this study was to Assessment the health, safety and environmental management system from a resilient engineering perspective in Zanjan Zinc Industrial Plants. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. The community study is 12 active zinc casting companies with a Health,Safety and Environment Management System or Integrated Management System Zanjan Zinc Industrial Plants. Zinc processing companies, with the above mentioned second category, were selected from 12 companies and 1460 personnel as the study population. Interviews were conducted from 300 people, including 12 top management or top management representatives, 12 HSE experts and 276 unit staff. The tool used to do this research is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed for three groups: staff (55 questions), HSE experts (161 questions), top management or management representative (55 questions).Interviews were conducted with staff in groups and in many cases as work units. Interviews with staff from all units were attempted, but in some cases interviews with staff from all units were not possible and units with the highest risk of HSE were replaced for the interview. The interview was also conducted without the presence of HSE managers and staff. The HSE-MS standard questionnaire was designed based on ISO 9001, 45001ISO, ISO 14001, ILO-OSH2001 and based on literature review in the field of HSE and RE management system. Health, safety and environmental checklists were collected from the Health Center, Labor Inspection Office, EPA respectively. To determine validation, we used content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha represents the proportion of a group of items that measures a construct. Conventionally, a minimum Cronbach's alpha of 0.6 is desirable for descriptive studies. But a good internal validity index is usually considered to be between 0.7 and 0.8. In this study Cronbach's alpha was 0.802, Which was considered 0.7 and above. To complete the questionnaire, a structural approach was first analyzed, which was limited to analyzing the documents and records described in the evidence sources for each HSE-MS case. Then the performance approach, where the indices extracted by the company's HSE unit, were examined. After the structural and functional evaluation, the HSE-MS operational approach was evaluated, which included direct supervision, field visits, and staff interviews. given that the companies were in three shifts and rotations that were presented to each company for three consecutive weeks. Interviews, documentation reviews, field visits and direct observation were used to complete the questionnaire. Characteristics of the researcher-made questionnaire (Structured Interview) used in this study were: 7 main criteria, 20 sub-criteria, 5 sub-sub-criteria of evaluation. For each case, three types of audits, sources of evidence, RE assessments and requirements were identified. HSE-MS Criteria from the RE Perspective:1. HSE-MS Planning 2. Operational processes and Risk assessmen management 3. People management 4. Generic safety factors 5. Planning of the performance monitoring 6. Feedback, learning and continuous improvement 7. Results .Questionnaire scoring was based on the Brazilian National Quality Award, and finally the HSE-MS status was determined from the standpoint of resiliency engineering. Findings: The status of the Health,Safety and Environment management system from the resilience engineering perspective, in Zanjan Zinc Industrial Plants was evaluated with a score of 57.8% on average. In the main criteria of Health,Safety and Environment management system, the criteria for assessment and risk management with 65.97%, and the criteria for the results with 42.95%, sub- criteria, the leadership and top management commitment with 71.4%, and the sub-measure of preventive performance with 42.46 %. and sub- sub- criteria of the sources with 77.91%. and contractors with 38.13%, respectively, had the highest and lowest score. Structural and operational approach were rated as 62.57% and 60.55% at moderate level and functional approach as poor as 42.95%. In the structural, operational and functional approaches, the system structure, the actual activities in the operational units and the results of the performance indicators were evaluated, respectively. The four principles of resilience: top management commitment 63.92%, learning 61.13%, flexibility 65.08% and awareness with 61.41% were determined by evaluating the criteria of health, safety and environment management system, and integration with resilience engineering. Conclusion: Evaluate the health, safety and environmental management system from a resilience engineering perspective, which is a combination of HSE-MS and RE elements, and is a comprehensive assessment of other HSE management system audits. Because at the same time, three structural, functional and operational approaches coupled with resilience engineering were evaluated in one model. Considering the criterion of competence and its ability to influence the principle of learning from the principles of resilience engineering, it is important to note that the failure to employ a full-time HSE expert and, in the short term, the termination of collaboration with experts, had a negative impact on this principle. It was the success of companies that focused on selecting, retaining and valuing this group of experts. There was no training need assessment in many companies. If accidents and pseudo-incidents did occur, if properly documented and analyzed, they could serve as lessons learned for later periods. Another reason is that in examining accident reporting forms, similar incidents happened with similar causes, if they were preventable by corrective measures. Integrate management systems and integrate them with change management to optimize performance. Personal safety and process safety should be considered, because good performance in personal safety does not necessarily mean good process safety performance, while poor performance in process safety results from poor personal safety. Employee awareness of the results of HSE audits and the performance of the HSE management system can be effective in contributing to and improving indicators.

J. Iqbal, Raza Ul Islam, Syed Zain Abbas et al.

Subject review Pressing requirements of improved and enhanced productivity in industrial applications has necessitated deployment of robot to automate tasks. Manipulator based articulated robots for today’s industrial applications vary widely in terms of number of Degree Of Freedom (DOF), payload capacity, Range Of Motion (ROM), control implementation and mountable configurations. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review of industrial robots with a focus on their application areas. The study of manipulators for diversified applications has highlighted the need of sophisticated algorithms for their control and trajectory planning. Both of these key concepts are discussed in the paper. The control of industrial manipulator is important for accomplishing tasks requiring high precision, repeatability and reliability by mitigating the effects of disturbances. The trajectory planning is vital for time optimization, energy optimization and collision avoidance to ensure most appropriate trajectory for a given task in an environment. The application oriented review offers readers opportunities to generate ideas applicable to their operations and to conform feasibility of their ideas

G. Dosi, Marcelo C. Pereira, M. Virgillito

José Daniel Rodrigues Terra, Fernando Tobal Berssaneti

Abstract Paper aims The demand for quality health services is increasing and the efficiency in hospitals is related to the continued improvement in their processes and services. Faced with this problem, this study aimed to perform a literature review of the application of lean health care to hospital services. Originality Link between theory and practice, helping health professionals in their routine. Research method The concepts of bibliometrics were used. The databases that make up the sample are ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, PubMed, and Cinahl; all the articles were in the ISI Web of Science database. Main findings The analyses suggest that the continuous improvement in processes and in the quality of the services offered are factors that influence the development of teams concerned with patient safety. Implications for theory and practice Shows the results and difficulties encountered by hospitals with the implementation of lean methodologies.