The article describes the history of Krupp’s Berthawerk plant, in Lower Silesia, based on materials obtained through research in the Historisches Archiv Krupp. It is intended as an outline of the entire history of the plant between years 1942 and 1945, as well as a starting point for further, broader research into the Krupp plants in Lower Silesia during World War II.
Aleksandra Lewandowska, Mateusz Jankowski, Mariusz Gujski
et al.
IntroductionThe decision to use psychological or psychiatric help is complex and depends on many interrelated factors. This study aimed to characterize self-reported help-seeking behavior in the event of mental disorders among adults in Poland.MethodsThis questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in March 2025 using computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) among 1,114 adults in Poland. Quota-sampling method was used.ResultsMost of the respondents (54.8%) declared that they would be able to recognize symptoms related to mental disorders on their own, and 50.7% declared that they would be able to recognize symptoms related to mental disorders in others and recognize people who require the help of a psychiatrist or psychologist. Over two-thirds of respondents (67.1%) declared that they know where to seek help if they experience mental disorders on their own and 61.4% declared that they know where to seek help if a child or teenager is experiencing mental disorders. Only 17.2% of respondents declared that enough activities are carried out in Poland to promote mental health and prevent mental disorders. In multivariable logistic regression, female gender, ever visit to a specialist due to mental disorders and a history of mental disorders in the close family were the most important factors associated (p < 0.05) with self-reported help-seeking behavior in the event of mental disorders.ConclusionThis study revealed significant gaps in self-reported help-seeking behavior in the event of mental disorders among adults in Poland. Public health interventions are needed to strengthen mental health literacy among adults in Poland, particularly concerning help-seeking behavior.
Bartosz Apanowicz, Wojciech Milczarek, Andrzej Kowalski
This paper presents a novel method for determining the extent of mining-induced ground subsidence using InSAR technology, specifically the SBAS time series. The study aimed to develop a precise approach for determining subsidence extent. The research was carried out in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, located in central-eastern Europe (Poland), a region known for its long history of intensive hard coal mining. InSAR analysis used imagery from March 2015 to February 2022. The developed approach includes accuracy analysis of SAR images processed, data filtering, and evaluation of mining-induced asymmetry. The study established an empirical formula that links the subsidence extent to the depth of the mined deposit (H), found to be 1.16H with a standard deviation of 0.22H. This result is based on 138 limit points, exceeding traditional geodetic sample size. Improved precision enhances mining land safety, minimizing potential mining damage, and supporting spatial planning affected areas.
Kazokutchi is an artistic project created by So Kanno, Akihiro Kato, and Takemi Watanuki in 2022. The installation combines robot-based digital artificial life forms, NFTs, and a blockchain-based community. Its origins can be traced back to the ideas underlying cellular automata and issues raised by evolutionary robotics. Combined with the ideas of Web3, blockchain, and NFTs, this project unfolds a vision of forthcoming social constructs created by fluid, yet well-organized, communities.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Poland
Rozwijana przez Stefana Bednarka koncepcja mnemotoposów, korespondująca z miejscami pamięci Pierre’a Nory, zakreśla reprezentatywne pole do podejmowanych w artykule refleksji nad korzyściami wprowadzenia do teorii kulturoznawczej rozważań nad pamięcią. Oczywiście nie chodzi o jakąkolwiek refleksję nad pamięcią, ale taką, która traktuje problematykę komemoratywną jako kluczową dla badań nad kulturą. Uzasadnione wydają się zatem pytania o korzyści tak rozumianego zwrotu pamięciowego: na ile jest to podejście owocne poznawczo? W jakim zakresie ogranicza się tylko do terminologicznego odświeżenia języka rozważań nad kulturą? Czy i kiedy prowadzi do redukcjonizmu zdolności wyjaśniania i rozumienia zjawisk kulturowych?
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Poland
Searches for exclusive decays of the Higgs boson into D⁎γ and of the Z boson into D0γ and Ks0γ can probe flavour-violating Higgs boson and Z boson couplings to light quarks. Searches for these decays are performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136.3 fb−1 collected at s=13TeV between 2016–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In the D⁎γ and D0γ channels, the observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the respective branching fractions are B(H→D⁎γ)<1.0(1.2)×10−3, B(Z→D0γ)<4.0(3.4)×10−6, while the corresponding results in the Ks0γ channel are B(Z→Ks0γ)<3.1(3.0)×10−6.
The present article explores the history of Polish online gender transition discourses, conceptualized in terms of two main stages – “Transnet 1.0” of anonymous, text-based blogs documenting individual experiences and “Transnet 2.0” of YouTube videos, podcasts and tik-toks created by openly trans activists. It offers an analysis of various kinds of multilingual practices in these narratives and attempts to track the way they have been changing to reveal threads of local and global, conservative and liberal, medical and activist discourses. This is done against the background of Poland’s own transition from a (nominally) socialist state to a modern democracy, which has not followed a simple, straight-forward path to progress allegedly exemplified by the “West”. The history of attitudes towards the transgender community throughout Poland’s democratic transition and its traces in contemporary online discourses paint a more complex picture.
Towarzystwo Filomatów powstało 13 października 1817 r. z inicjatywy sześciu studentów Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego. Głównym celem stowarzyszenia było samokształcenie oraz samodoskonalenie. Z czasem filomaci rozszerzyli swą działalność, tworząc związki zależne. Młodzieńcy nie ograniczali się wyłącznie do nauki. Uczestniczyli w życiu kulturalnym Wilna, nawiązywali kontakty z prominentnymi postaciami społeczności lokalnej, ale także tworzyli wewnętrzne życie towarzyskie na niwie związków młodzieżowych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie wydarzeń, w jakich uczestniczyli filomaci, opisanie form rozrywek, które były im bliskie, a także próba określenia, w jaki sposób życie towarzyskie definiowało charakter młodzieżowej organizacji.
History of Poland, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie życia i twórczości znakomitego historyka Józefa Feldmana związanego zawodowo z Uniwersytetem Jagiellońskim. Znakomity badacz dziejów późno nowożytnych wykazywał również szereg aktywności na niwie organizacji życia naukowego Krakowa, m.in. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. Przy realizacji zasadniczego celu badawczego zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy źródeł. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o liczne materiały źródłowe różnej proweniencji. Do pierwszorzędnych materiałów źródłowych należy przede wszystkim spuścizna uczonego i jego żony przechowywana w Archiwum UJ. Obejmuje ona dokumenty osobiste, materiały warsztatowe, maszynopisy prac oraz akta dotyczące działalności naukowo-organizacyjnej na krakowskiej uczelni. Najobszerniejszą część stanowi korespondencja licząca kilkaset listów. Ponadto wykorzystano materiały archiwalne pochodzące z kilku innych jednostek archiwalnych i bibliotecznych, wspomnienia, zbiory korespondencji i inne.
History of Poland, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
The paper presents new data on the nesting habits of the digger wasp Alysson spinosus (Hymenoptera: Bembicidae). As food for larvae, the female provisioned about 7–8 hemipteran nymphs or imagines per cell. The collected prey belongs to two families of true hoppers (five species of Delphacidae and one species of Cicadellidae). Nests are built in sandy, shaded areas, and consist of a 10–12 cm long main burrow with 1–3 brood cells. Both sexes search for food (honeydew) on the leaves of lilac or small-leaved linden. The nests were infested by the dipteran kleptoparasitic Metopia argyrocephala (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The mature larva is similar to that of the Nearctic Alysson melleus, from which it differs in having a blunt apical mandibular tooth and more prominent setae on the clypeus and labrum.
Was the Constitution of May Third of 1791 a Source of Inspiration for 19th Century Polish Constitutional Drafts? The Problem of Using Polish Constitutional Heritage in the Congress Kingdom of Poland in 1815 and 1831
The article focuses on the problem of using the legal heritage based on the example of the May Third Constitution. This issue is considered in relation to two selected moments in the history of the Congress Kingdom of Poland – 1814/1815 and 1831. What connects them, and at the same time makes them unique periods in the political and constitutional history of Polish territories under the partitions, is the relative freedom the Polish elites had in their right to decide on the constitutional foundations of their own statehood. In 1814/1815, Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was granted the emperor’s consent to prepare a draft which, after corrections, became the basis of the Constitutional Act granted by Alexander I. Similarly in 1831, after the dethronement of Tsar Nicholas I, the insurgent elites were free to embark on an unfettered constitutional debate on the systemic reform of the state. Both in 1814/1815 and in 1831, Polish political and intellectual elites faced a dilemma as to whether the May Third Constitution could serve mainly as a monument and symbol of Polish history, or whether it still had the potential to be directly applied; and if so, then to what extent and under what conditions. The publication is devoted to exploring answers to these questions.
* Publikacja przygotowana w ramach projektu „Spór o wykładnię konstytucji Królestwa Polskiego jako formatyw polskiego liberalizmu politycznego” finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki na podstawie umowy nr UMO-2018/29/B/HS5/01165
AbstractThe article describes the conduct of land reform by the communist regime of People’s Poland. The land reform fitted into the wave of analogous reforms carried out in the other communist countries of Eastern Europe. It was based on the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) of 6th September 1944, which provided for subdividing landowners’ estates exceeding fifty hectares among peasants, such as small farmers, landless people and fornals. The article discusses problems faced by the founders of the reform and institutional measures applied in order to execute the Decree. Despite numerous obstacles, the reform was carried out quite efficiently and its effects were marked (6,070,100 hectares of landowners’ property was subdivided among 1,068,400 farms). However, those results were to a great extent possible due to the application of regime measures towards landowners (expropriation without compensation, arrests, and even capital punishment). Regarded as a crime and an atrocity by the landowners, for peasants the land reform was a blessing, which can be concluded from the recollections of both groups concerned, which are cited in the article. Despite its efficiency, the land reform did not manage to improve the agrarian structure in Poland, for it caused land dispersion and an increase of the number and the landed share of small farms.
Mlosek Robert Krzysztof, Migda Bartosz, Skrzypek Ewa
et al.
Introduction: Esthetic medicine is a buoyant field of medicine. As the number of performed procedures – mainly injections of botulin toxin and dermal fillers – is increasing, the number of complications is rising as well. The most popular dermal filler is hyaluronic acid. Injection of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers is considered a minimally invasive procedure, but complications in the form of skin nodules and lumps are being encountered more and frequently. Esthetic medicine does not currently offer its own diagnostic methods that would allow one to diagnose complications. In these circumstances, the implementation of objective diagnostic methods from other fields of medicine becomes significant. High-frequency ultrasound is one of such methods. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to implement high-frequency ultrasound for the diagnosis of palpable nodules after the administration of dermal fillers. Material and method: The study group included 15 women who developed palpable nodules in the region of hyaluronic acid injection. The study includes both early and late complications. An EPIQ 5 (Philips, Bothell, USA) ultrasound machine and a L5–18 transducer were used to examine the nodules. Ultrasound images were evaluated qualitatively by 2 independent investigators. Results: Ultrasound enabled the diagnosis of hyaluronic acid deposition in 9 women, granulomas in 3 women, fibrosis in 2 women and a deposition with inflammation in 1 case. Each of the diagnosed structures presented a typical ultrasound appearance. Conclusions: High-frequency ultrasound is a useful diagnostic method that has a chance to become a widespread tool to diagnose and treat complications. Because of a low number of study reports in this area, continued research is warranted.
The goal of this study was to examine whether and to what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social and economic inequalities in the Province of Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) in the last decades of the 1800s and early 1900s. It was assumed that maternal economic, social and emotional well-being differed according to the size of the place of residence (Poznań / town / village) and her marital status (married / unmarried). In the population of the Province, urban areas (e.g., Poznań) and single motherhood were the predictors increasing the chance that the proportion of boys to girls at birth would decline below the biological norm. These factors could affect women during pregnancy through biological (physiological) mechanisms induced by adverse economic conditions (poverty, poor housing conditions, physical effort related to work and spatial mobility) and psychological stress (lack of social approval and support, social instability, occurrence of stigmatization, etc.). It is worth noting, however, that the variability of sex ratio values at birth could also be due to other factors, not identified (captured) in this paper.
History of Poland, Demography. Population. Vital events
Lucjan Rydel authored a dramatic trilogy about King Sigismund II Augustus. He described the 16th century with great erudition as regards the material and political history of the period. He had studied numerous historical records as well as scholarly works. He also wrote an academic essay on Charles de Nassau. The main areas of his interest in history were texts of didactic and popular character. He wrote a monograph entitled Queen Hedwig, where he collected the themes of female rule in literature and art. He published brochures on buildings of historical interest in Krakow, Warsaw and Vilnius. He brought out A Short History of Poland and History of Poland for Everybody, both of which were written during the Great War. His ambition was to write accessible textbooks on the history of the Polish nation and Polish state with a view to boosting the patriotism of Poles. In matters of ideology, his works were leaning towards conservative views.
The subject of the article are the poetics of films made in the Lodz Film School in the first years of its existence. Analysis of selected films allows us to trace the metamorphoses of documentary forms which were sometimes parallel to changes being observed in mainstream documentaries, sometimes preceding them, sometimes imitating them. Documentary school films from this period illustrate one of the most important phenomena in the history of Polish documentary cinema: the transition from a persuasive document to an observation film whose poetics are the basis for defining the documentary in Poland.