Hasil untuk "Gynecology and obstetrics"

Max Kaufmann, David Lindner, Roland S. Zimmermann et al.

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) monitoring, in which automated systems monitor the CoT of an LLM, is a promising approach for effectively overseeing AI systems. However, the extent to which a model's CoT helps us oversee the model - the monitorability of the CoT - can be affected by training, for instance by the model learning to hide important features of its reasoning. We propose and empirically validate a conceptual framework for predicting when and why this occurs. We model LLM post-training as an RL environment where the reward decomposes into two terms: one term depending on final outputs and another term depending on the CoT. Our framework allows us to classify these two terms as "aligned", "orthogonal", or "in-conflict" before training. We predict that training with in-conflict terms will reduce monitorability, orthogonal terms will not affect it, and aligned terms will improve it. To validate our framework, we use it to classify a set of RL environments, train LLMs within those environments, and evaluate how training affects CoT monitorability. We find that (1) training with "in-conflict" reward terms reduces CoT monitorability and (2) optimizing in-conflict reward terms is difficult.

Stanojević Milan, Kociszewska-Najman Bożena, Grünebaum Amos et al.

This comprehensive narrative review examines current paradigms, emerging trends, and future directions in neonatology through systematic analysis of contemporary literature, clinical practice patterns, and expert consensus. We synthesized evidence from recent publications, international guidelines, and clinical innovations to identify key transformation areas.

Giuseppe Silano, Daniel Bonilla Licea, Hajar El Hammouti et al.

A new class of Multi-Rotor Aerial Vehicles (MRAVs), known as omnidirectional MRAVs (o-MRAVs), has gained attention for their ability to independently control 3D position and orientation. This capability enhances robust planning and control in aerial communication networks, enabling more adaptive trajectory planning and precise antenna alignment without additional mechanical components. These features are particularly valuable in uncertain environments, where disturbances such as wind and interference affect communication stability. This paper examines o-MRAVs in the context of robust aerial network planning, comparing them with the more common under-actuated MRAVs (u-MRAVs). Key applications, including physical layer security, optical communications, and network densification, are highlighted, demonstrating the potential of o-MRAVs to improve reliability and efficiency in dynamic communication scenarios.

Bo Ma, LuYao Liu, Simon Lau et al.

Recent research has explored using Large Language Models for recommendation tasks by transforming user interaction histories and item metadata into text prompts, then having the LLM produce rankings or recommendations. A promising approach involves connecting collaborative filtering knowledge to LLM representations through compact adapter networks, which avoids expensive fine-tuning while preserving the strengths of both components. Yet several challenges persist in practice: collaborative filtering models often use static snapshots that miss rapidly changing user preferences; many real-world items contain rich visual and audio content beyond textual descriptions; and current systems struggle to provide trustworthy explanations backed by concrete evidence. Our work introduces \model{}, a framework that tackles these limitations through three key innovations. We develop an online adaptation mechanism that continuously incorporates new user interactions through lightweight modules, avoiding the need to retrain large models. We create a unified representation that seamlessly combines collaborative signals with visual and audio features, handling cases where some modalities may be unavailable. Finally, we design an explanation system that grounds recommendations in specific collaborative patterns and item attributes, producing natural language rationales users can verify. Our approach maintains the efficiency of frozen base models while adding minimal computational overhead, making it practical for real-world deployment.

Xin Mu, Feng Zhu, Yudan Zhang et al.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influences differential ovarian responses to controlled ovarian stimulation at the metabolite and gene levels. Materials and Methods A total of 16 female mice were randomly allocated into LPS and control group. Each mice underwent controlled ovarian stimulation. Oocytes were gathered and quantified. Ovarian tissue samples from 8 mice and blood samples from 16 mice were collected. Metabolomics analysis was conducted for both ovary tissues and blood samples. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used for ovary tissues. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to identify the metabolites and their corresponding differential transcripts genes within the key signaling pathway. Results The number (86 vs. 122) and rate (49.7% vs. 78.2%) of metaphase II (MII) oocytes were markedly lower in LPS group (p < 0.001). Compared with control group, metabolites related to carbohydrates and lipid were decreased in ovary tissue of LPS group while metabolites related to amino acid and fatty acid beta‐oxidation were decreased in serum of LPS group. Within the category of biological processes, terms associated with the regulation of lipid metabolic process and steroid metabolic, biosynthetic process were downregulated in the LPS group. Correlation analysis indicated five genes (Lcn2, S100a9, S100a8, Muc5b, Muc5ac) in IL‐17 signaling pathway were positively related to the catabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and negatively related to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Conclusions This study provided evidence that inflammation has damaging effect on ovary response to controlled ovarian stimulation, linked to dysfunctions in lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. IL‐17 signal pathways may play a critical role in this process.

Seyedeh Farinaz Fattahpour, Parvin Hakimi, Fatemeh Tabatabaei et al.

Abstract Background The study aimed to compare the pregnancy, prenatal, and postnatal outcomes between fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles at Al-Zahra Referral Women’s Hospital in northwest Iran. Methods A prospective study was conducted among all infertile women (N = 469) who underwent embryo transfer between 2018 and 23 at Al-Zahra referral infertility center. Patients in cycles with fresh embryo transfer and patients for whom frozen embryos were transferred were compared in terms of live birth rate and fetal outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The majority of the participants were primary infertility 83.3%. The rate of chemical and clinical pregnancy was (21.8% vs. 17.2%) and (19% vs. 13.4%) in the fresh embryo and the frozen embryo transfers, respectively. Likewise, the rate of live births was (14.1% vs. 9.1%), respectively. The number of retrieved oocytes was significantly higher in frozen ET compared to fresh ET (P = 0.001). In the final analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, no significant associations were found for clinical pregnancy (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 0.90–2.5; P = 0.125) and chemical pregnancy (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 0.81–2.3; P = 0.238) rates between fresh and frozen ETs. Similarly, there were no significant differences in live birth rate (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.54–12.4), preterm birth (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.33–5.5), and primary infertility (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.34–1.6) between fresh and frozen ETs. The incidence of multiple pregnancies and spontaneous abortion was (5% vs. 13.8%) and (22.2% vs. 30.2%) in the fresh embryo and frozen embryo groups, respectively. Conclusion No significant differences in perinatal and postnatal outcomes were found between fresh and frozen embryo transfers.

Michal Ješeta, Jana Antalíková, Adéla Doubravská et al.

The separation of human spermatozoa is an important step in therapy of human infertility. Given that male fertility is decreasing and, as a result, fertilization techniques based on microinjection of sperm into the cytoplasm are being used more intensively, this question is becoming increasingly relevant. In recent years, microfluidic sperm processing techniques have been increasingly used. These methods are simple and easy to use, however, the question is to what extent they select the correct sperm. They are essentially based mainly on motility and do not reflect other navigational approaches such as chemotaxis, thermotaxis or rheotaxis. This review compares traditional, advances and novel in vitro methods of sperm separation which are commonly used during human infertility therapy in context of in vivo sperm separation in female reproductive system.

Dan Xu, Mengyan Xu, Liuxu Fang et al.

Abstract Background Childbirth is a complex process, and midwives involved in assisting or witnessing it often experience psychological trauma, which can impact their well-being and professional performance. Psychological trauma in midwives is under-researched, despite its implications for their mental health and the quality of childbirth services. Addressing this issue is critical for ensuring safe and compassionate care. This study aimed to explore the psychological trauma experienced by midwives during childbirth and identify key influencing factors to enhance the safety and humanization of childbirth services. Methods This descriptive qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 13 midwives selected based on preset criteria. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis framework, and thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring themes from the data. Results Four primary themes emerged from the data. First, midwives reported persistent emotional trauma, including ongoing fear, guilt, and self-blame associated with traumatic childbirth experiences. Second, they faced multifaceted professional challenges, including high expectations and systemic pressures. Emotional exhaustion was more closely associated with persistent trauma and vicarious exposure, as reflected in other themes. Third, participants described feelings of helplessness and powerlessness when managing critical or life-threatening situations. Fourth, vicarious trauma was common, stemming from deep empathy and emotional engagement with laboring women and their families. Conclusion Strategies to address these challenges include strengthening midwives’ psychological resilience and professional competencies, optimizing team collaboration, and enhancing psychological and emotional support. Implementing these measures can safeguard the mental health of midwives, promote humanistic care, and improve childbirth safety. Trial registration ChiCTR2400088104 August 12th, 2024.

Vefa Tohumcu, Mehmet Cengiz, A. Hayirli et al.

ABSTRACT Background Isoproterenol (ISO) is a nonselective beta‐adrenergic receptor agonist known for its vasodilatory effects. This experiment aims to investigate whether intrauterine ISO administration could alter vascular indices and follicular development in postpartum Holstein cows. Objectives The objectives are to evaluate the effects of intrauterine ISO administration on vascular changes and its impact on follicular development compared to placebo groups. Study Design This randomized controlled study was conducted on 36 Holstein cows selected based on their health status, including only those free from reproductive, metabolic and infectious disorders. Methods The cows (n = 36) were divided into two groups as control received distilled water alone (CON, n = 18) and experiment received 4 mg ISO in 40 mL distilled water (ISO, n = 18) and four subgroups as CON‐I (n = 9), CON‐II (n = 9), ISO‐I (n = 9) and ISO‐II (n = 9) according to days of intrauterine administration (I or II represents to 1 or 2 days after ovulation, respectively). Uterine and ovarian artery blood flows were assessed before and after administration by Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected both before and after administration (on Day 1 or 2) and on Days 3, 6 and 9 post‐ovulation for hormonal analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was recorded on the blood sampling days. Data were analysed via mixed model ANOVA. Results Intrauterine ISO administration significantly increased the pulse rate (PR) in the ovaries (89.4 vs. 65.5 bpm, p < 0.0001) and uterus (90.6 vs. 64.2 bpm, p < 0.0001). Early AFC (1–2.9 mm) decreased, whereas small AFC (3–4.9 mm) increased in the ISO groups. The weighted average antral follicle size (WAAFS) significantly increased in the ISO group but remained unchanged in the controls. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated levels of FSH (626 vs. 468 mIU/mL), AMH (61.3 vs. 46.4 ng/L), E2 (138 vs. 122 ng/L), P4 (15.3 vs. 10.6 ng/mL), IGF‐1 (62.6 vs. 25.1 ng/mL) and IGFBP‐3 (28.4 vs. 16.5 ng/mL) in the ISO groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions The findings indicate that intrauterine administration of ISO on Day 1 post‐ovulation could be a promising ‘adjunct technique’ for future research focussed on minimizing dependence on exogenous hormones or improving the sensitivity of follicles to endogenous hormonal signals, thereby potentially enhancing oocyte yield.

Li Chang, Yan Wang, Jie Zhang et al.

Abstract Purpose We aimed to study the effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on the sleep quality of patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, from July 2017 to June 2019. 110 female breast cancer patients who underwent a radical mastectomy were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed music therapy combined with aerobic exercise from the first to the sixth admission to the hospital for chemotherapy, while the control group received only routine nursing care. The sleep quality of these patients was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A linear mixed model was used to adjust the PSQI of patients after controlling for other confounding factors. Results The mean sleep quality score of the breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy (baseline) was 8.86 ± 2.34. The intervention group had a significantly lower mean global PSQI score than the control group from the first test to the third test, with an adjusted mean difference of -1.05 (95%CI: -1.86, -0.24; P = 0.01), -2.89 (95%CI: -3.70, -2.08; P < 0.001) and − 4.84 (95%CI: -5.65, -4.03; P < 0.001), respectively. A change in the global PSQI score from baseline for the intervention group was from 0.55 (95%CI: -0.24, 1.34; P = 0.171) at the first test to 2.75 (95%CI: 1.96, 3.53; P < 0.001) at the last test, and for the control group was from − 0.51 (95%CI: -1.31, 0.29; P = 0.213 at the first test to -2.10 (95%CI: -2.91, -1.30; P < 0.001) at the last test. Conclusions An intervention of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise can significantly improve the sleep quality of female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy, and this intervention continuously improves many aspects of sleep reactivity. Clinical trial registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100042975, 02/02/2021).

Lilian de Sá Paz Ramos, Jorge Villanova Biazús

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pain between SF flap and serratus anterior muscle (SM) in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that included 53 women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and one-stage implant-based breast reconstruction from January 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-nine patients (54.7%) had SF elevation, and 24 patients (45.3%) underwent SM elevation. We evaluated patient-reported early postoperative pain on the first day after surgery. Also, it was reported that all surgical complications in the first month and patient reported outcomes (PROs) were measured with the BRECON 23 questionnaire. Results: The serratus fascia group used implants with larger volumes, 407.6 ± 98.9 cc (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the fascial and muscular groups regarding the postoperative pain score reported by the patients (2 versus 3; p = 0.30). Also, there was no difference between the groups regarding early surgical complications and PROs after breast reconstruction. Conclusion: The use of SF seems to cause less morbidity, which makes the technique an alternative to be considered in breast reconstruction. Although there was no statistical difference in postoperative pain scores between the fascia and serratus muscle groups.

Cheng-Yu Long, Chieh-Yu Chang, I-Chieh Sung et al.

<b>Objectives:</b> Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) negatively affects the quality of life and sexual function in women. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) therapy in reducing SUI symptoms and its impact on sexual function. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-four women with SUI were enrolled and underwent a single RF treatment session using the Viveve^® System (Viveve Medical Inc., USA) with parameters of 90 J/cm² and 220 pulses per hour. Assessments at baseline and 6 months post treatment included perineal ultrasound and personal interviews to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function. Urodynamic studies, voiding diaries, and questionnaires such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ-SF) measured outcomes. <b>Results:</b> RF therapy significantly improved sexual function, with higher FSFI scores in all domains except pain at 6 months. SUI symptoms were significantly reduced, as indicated by improved scores on OABSS, UDI-6, IIQ-7, and ICIQ-SF, alongside better voiding diary results. Anatomical changes included reduced bladder neck mobility, decreased vaginal width, and a reduced rotation angle of the proximal urethra. <b>Conclusions:</b> RF therapy is effective and safe for treating mild to moderate SUI and enhances sexual function, potentially due to changes in vaginal topography. These results suggest RF therapy as a viable non-surgical option for managing SUI and improving sexual health.

Vickie Zhang, Michael Zhao, and Maria Dimakopoulou et al.

Surrogate index approaches have recently become a popular method of estimating longer-term impact from shorter-term outcomes. In this paper, we leverage 1098 test arms from 200 A/B tests at Netflix to empirically investigate to what degree would decisions made using a surrogate index utilizing 14 days of data would align with those made using direct measurement of day 63 treatment effects. Focusing specifically on linear "auto-surrogate" models that utilize the shorter-term observations of the long-term outcome of interest, we find that the statistical inferences that we would draw from using the surrogate index are ~95% consistent with those from directly measuring the long-term treatment effect. Moreover, when we restrict ourselves to the set of tests that would be "launched" (i.e. positive and statistically significant) based on the 63-day directly measured treatment effects, we find that relying instead on the surrogate index achieves 79% and 65% recall.

Jiaojiao Liu, Hongtao Liang, Jinfu Li et al.

The growing trend towards engineering interfacial complexion (or phase) transitions has been seen in the grain boundary and solid surface systems.Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to the chemically heterogeneous solid/liquid interfaces. In this work, novel in-plane multi-interfacial states coexist within the Cu(111)/Pb(l) interface at a temperature just above the Pb freezing point is uncovered using atomistic simulations.Four monolayer interfacial states, i.e., two CuPb alloy liquids and two pre-freezing Pb solids, are observed coexisting within two interfacial layers sandwiched between the bulk solid Cu and bulk liquid Pb. Through computing the spatial variations of various properties along the direction normal to the in-plane solid-liquid boundary lines for both interfacial layers, a rich and varied picture depicting the inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the mechanical, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties is presented. The bulk values extracted from the in-plane profiles suggest that each interfacial state examined has distinct equilibrium values from each other and significantly deviates from those of the bulk solid and liquid phases, and indicate that the complexion (or phase) diagrams for the Cu(111)/Pb(l) interface bears a resemblance to that of the eutectic binary alloy systems, instead of the monotectic phase diagram for the bulk CuPb alloy. The reported data could support the development of interfacial complexion (or phase) diagrams and interfacial phase rules and provide a new guide for regulating heterogeneous nucleation and wetting processes.

Minggang Luo, Jiaqi Zhu, S. -A. Biehs et al.

We study the modifications of near-field radiative energy transfer (NFRET) caused by residual surface charges, which are common in micro- and nano-systems like NEMS/MEMS. The host object with the residual surface charges and the inherent bulk state can be treated as an analog of the real three-dimensional topological insulator, which is inherent of also both surface states and bulk states and is promising to modulate NFRET. Through constructing such a topological insulator analog, we aim to modulate NFRET concerning only common trivial materials. Besides the well-known resonant modes (surface polariton and localized surface polariton) supported by the bulk state, the residual surface charges give rise to an additional temperature-dependent mode providing a new heat flux channel. For low temperatures we find a giant surface-charge-induced enhancement of the NFRET due to a good match between the surface-charge-induced resonance and the Planck window. However, for relative high temperatures where the Fröhlich resonance dominates the heat transfer rather the surface-charge-induced resonance, the residual charges result in a weakening of the NFRET. This work paves way for understanding and modulating the near-field radiative energy transfer for micro- and nano-systems.

Julia A. Meister, Jack Sharp, and Yan Wang et al.

The unsustainable take-make-dispose linear economy prevalent in healthcare contributes 4.4% to global Greenhouse Gas emissions. A popular but not yet widely-embraced solution is to remanufacture common single-use medical devices like electrophysiology catheters, significantly extending their lifetimes by enabling a circular life cycle. To support the adoption of catheter remanufacturing, we propose a comprehensive emission framework and carry out a holistic evaluation of virgin manufactured and remanufactured carbon emissions with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We followed ISO modelling standards and NHS reporting guidelines to ensure industry relevance. We conclude that remanufacturing may lead to a reduction of up to 60% per turn (-1.92 kg CO2eq, burden-free) and 57% per life (-1.87 kg CO2eq, burdened). Our extensive sensitivity analysis and industry-informed buy-back scheme simulation revealed long-term emission reductions of up to 48% per remanufactured catheter life (-1.73 kg CO2eq). Our comprehensive results encourage the adoption of electrophysiology catheter remanufacturing, and highlight the importance of estimating long-term emissions in addition to traditional emission metrics.

Aimee Grant, Bethan Pell, Lauren Copeland et al.

Abstract Breastfeeding rates in many Global North countries are low. Qualitative research highlights that breastfeeding in public is a particular challenge, despite mothers often having the legal right to do so. To identify barriers and facilitators, we systematically searched the qualitative research from Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries relating to breastfeeding in public spaces from 2007 to 2021. Data were analysed using the Thematic Synthesis technique. The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42017081504). Database searching identified 3570 unique records. In total, 74 papers, theses, or book chapters, relating to 71 studies, were included, accounting for over 17,000 mothers. Overall, data quality was high. Our analysis identified that five core factors influenced mothers' thought processes and their breastfeeding in public behaviour: legal system; structural (in)equality; knowledge; beliefs and the social environment. Macro‐level factors relating to legislation and inequality urgently require redress if breastfeeding rates are to be increased. Widespread culture change is also required to enhance knowledge, change hostile beliefs and thus the social environment in which mother/infant dyads exist. In particular, the sexualisation of breasts, disgust narratives and lack of exposure among observers to baby‐led infant feeding patterns resulted in beliefs which created a stigmatising environment. In this context, many mothers felt unable to breastfeed in public; those who breastfed outside the home were usually highly self‐aware, attempting to reduce their exposure to conflict. Evidence‐based theoretically informed interventions to remove barriers to breastfeeding in public are urgently required.

Flore‐Anne Pain, Anthony Dohan, Gilles Grange et al.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to assess the performance of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in helping to classify the type of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS; accreta/increta vs percreta), alone or combined in a predictive score. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective study in 82 pregnant women with PAS who underwent ultrasound and MRI examination of the pelvis before delivery (from an initial cohort of 185 women with PAS). We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI and ultrasound in the diagnosis of the type of PAS. We analyzed cesarean and imaging features using univariable logistic regression analysis. We constructed a nomogram to predict the risk of placenta percreta and validated it with bootstrap resampling, then used receiver operating characteristic curves to assess the performance of the model in distinguishing between placenta percreta and placenta accreta/increta. Results Among the 82 patients, 29 (35%) had placenta accreta/increta and 53 (65%) had placenta percreta. The best features to discriminate between placenta accreta/increta and placenta percreta with ultrasound were increased vascularization at the uterine serosa–bladder wall interface (odds ratio [OR] 7.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78–24.99; p < 0.01) and the number of lacunae without a hyperechogenic halo (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.14–1.67; p = 0.012). Concerning MRI markers, heterogeneous placenta (OR 12.89; 95% CI 3.05–89.16; p = 0.002), dark intraplacental bands (OR 12.89; 95% CI 3.05–89.16; p = 0.002) and bladder wall interruption (OR 15.89; 95% CI 4.78–73.33; p < 0.001) had a higher OR in discriminating placenta accreta/increta from placenta percreta. The nomogram yielded areas under the curve of 0.841 (95% CI 0.754–0.927) and 0.856 (95% CI 0.767–0.945), after bootstrap resampling, for the accurate prediction of placenta percreta. Conclusions The nomogram we developed to predict the risk of placenta percreta among patients with PAS had good discriminative capabilities. This performance and its impact on maternal morbidity should be confirmed by future prospective studies.

Torie Comeaux Plowden, M.D., M.P.H., Richard J. Paulson, M.D., M.S.

Xianli Wang, Shaokun Yu, Yuting Jian et al.

Extravillous trophoblast invasion disorder caused by oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). In order to identify whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can prevent oxidative stress injury in extravillous trophoblasts. HTR-8/SVneo cells were detected by H2S inhibiting H2O2 induced oxidative mitochondrial damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). JC-1 detected the potential of the mitochondrial membrane in this experiment. Then to detect the expression level of the apoptosis-inducing protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein (Bax), caspase 3, p53, p-p53, the apoptosis-inhibiting protein Bcl-2, PRAP, and the mitochondria fission protein Drp1, p-Drp1. CCK-8 assay, it was demonstrated that cell proliferation in the NaHS group was significantly higher than that in the Mod group, indicating that H2S may induce cell proliferation. Transwell assay elucidated that cell invasion in the NaHS group was recovered compared to the Mod group. ROS concentration no matter in cells or mitochondria was decreased by NaHS, which we could get from the comparison between the Mod group, PAG group, and NaHS group. The concentration of MDA was significantly lower in the NaHS group, and the concentration of SOD was extremely high in the NaHS group. Utilized JC-1 to detect mitochondrial membrane potential and found that cells from the NaHS group had a stable potential while cells from the Mod group and PAG group partly lost their potential, which could demonstrate that NaHS could maintain mitochondrial membrane potential. The western blot results revealed that p-Drp1 had a significant decline in the NaHS group, which means mitochondria fission was decreased in the NaHS group. The expression level of Bax and caspase 3 was significantly lower than in the Mod group and PAG group, and the expression level of Bcl-and PRAP was significantly higher in the NaHS group. That could prove that NaHS protect HTR-8/SVneo cell by inhibiting cell apoptosis. These promising results show that H2S elicits its effects on cell apoptosis by decreasing ROS concentration, maintaining mitochondrial membrane stability, and promoting apoptosis-inhibiting protein expression in cells.