Hasil untuk "Folklore"

M. Herzfeld

When this work – one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields – first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In this expanded edition, a new introduction by the author and an epilogue by Sharon Macdonald document its importance for the emergence of serious anthropological interest in European culture and society and for current debates about Greece’s often contested place in the complex politics of the European Union.

Sanjeev Khanna, Christian Konrad, Aaron Putterman

Fault-tolerant spanners are fundamental objects that preserve distances in graphs even under edge failures. A long line of work culminating in Bodwin, Dinitz, Robelle (SODA 2022) gives $(2k-1)$-stretch, $f$-fault-tolerant spanners with $O(k^2 f^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2k}} n^{1+\frac{1}{k}} + k f n)$ edges for any odd $k$. For any $k = \tilde{O}(1)$, this bound is essentially optimal for deterministic spanners in part due to a known folklore lower bound that \emph{any} $f$-fault-tolerant spanner requires $Ω(nf)$ edges in the worst case. For $f \geq n$, this $Ω(nf)$ barrier means that any $f$-fault tolerant spanners are trivial in size. Crucially however, this folklore lower bound exploits that the spanner \emph{is itself a subgraph}. It does not rule out distance-reporting data structures that may not be subgraphs. This leads to our central question: can one beat the $n \cdot f$ barrier with fault-tolerant distance oracles? We give a strong affirmative answer to this question. As our first contribution, we construct $f$-fault-tolerant distance oracles with stretch $O(\log(n)\log\log(n))$ that require only $\widetilde{O}(n\sqrt{f})$ bits of space; substantially below the spanner barrier of $n \cdot f$. Beyond this, in the regime $n \leq f \leq n^{3/2}$ we show that by using our new \emph{high-degree, low-diameter} decomposition in combination with tools from sparse recovery, we can even obtain stretch $7$ distance oracles in space $\widetilde{O}(n^{3/2}f^{1/3})$ bits. We also show that our techniques are sufficiently general to yield randomized sketches for fault-tolerant ``oblivious'' spanners and fault-tolerant deterministic distance oracles in bounded-deletion streams, with space below the $nf$ barrier in both settings.

Taive Särg, Janika Oras

Variations of runosong in contemporary Estonia: Continuing a code of singing This article provides an overview of the contemporary, largely revitalized, and multi-layered runosong tradition within the context of its historical development, showing how the ancient Finnic song heritage – nearly extinct by the end of the 19th century – began to revive in the second half of the 20th century through earlier documentation, surviving peripheral traditions, and the postmodern re-evaluation of folk music. The focus lies on the social aspects of the 21st-century runosong tradition – its functions, contexts, and social organization. Contemporary runosong performances can be grouped into: (1) tradition-related singing integrated into ritual or other functional contexts; (2) non-ritual participatory singing with alternating lead and responding chorus; (3) unarranged stage performances, often involving audience participation; and (4) arranged performances that merge runosong with other musical styles. These forms influence one another and often draw on shared song sources. Runosong singing represents an alternative to mainstream modern culture and therefore often serves as a vehicle of identity and expression for smaller communities and nations – particularly those centred on the preservation of their culture, language, and environment. As a participatory form of music-making, runosong offers opportunities for distinctive self-expression and aesthetic experience, for transformative or healing engagement, as accompaniment to rituals and movements, and as a means of broadening cultural horizons. As the expressive form and content of runosong have developed in close connection with various aspects of everyday life over a long period, the style has retained its ability to adapt to changing conditions. Thus, runosong can be understood as a code – a framework shaped by its performers and tradition-bearers, characterized by variable structural and semantic features and capable of conveying multiple layers of meaning. Its presence in both participatory and staged forms demonstrates the vitality and continued significance of singing traditions in contemporary Estonia.

XURAMAN

In the early 20th century, the enlightenment movement in Azerbaijan expanded significantly, providing a strong impetus for the emergence and development of children’s literature in the country. The educators and writers of that period made invaluable contributions to the process of national self-consciousness through their literary creativity. By drawing on various genres and themes from Azerbaijani folklore, they created some of the most notable examples of children’s literature. Enduring exemplars of national children’s poetry—rooted in oral folk traditions—began to emerge during this period. Traditional genres such as tapmaca (riddles), layla, sanama (counting-out rhyme), duzgu, yanıltmac (alliteration), and qaravalli were among the forms most frequently employed by children’s literature authors. Epics, folk tales, legends, and narratives provided the best thematic source material for their creative works. Each of these works continues to attract young readers today in terms of language and style, form and content, rhythm, as well as overall appeal. At that time, there were virtually no literary works available for classroom use in Azerbaijani schools that met pedagogical requirements and resonated with the interests and thought processes of children. The educators and writers of the period primarily composed the first children’s works for use in the educational process. These literary examples predominantly address moral and didactic themes, promote national and spiritual values, and contribute to the enrichment of one’s worldview. Mikayıl Müşfiq, Abdulla Şaiq, Abbas Səhhət, Mirzə Ələkbər Sabir, and others, are counted among the authors of the earliest children’s works written in the folklore style.

Dor Elboim, Antoine Gloria, Felipe Hernández

In the Lorentz mirror walk in dimension $d\geq 2$, mirrors are randomly placed on the vertices of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ at density $p\in[0,1]$. A light ray is then shot from the origin and deflected through the various mirrors in space. The object of study is the random trajectory obtained in this way, and it is of upmost interest to determine whether these trajectories are localized (finite) or delocalized (infinite). A folklore conjecture states that for $d=2$ these trajectories are finite for any density $p>0$, while in dimensions $d\geq 3$ and for $p>0$ small enough some trajectories are infinite. In this paper we prove that for all dimensions $d\geq 4$ and any small density $p$, the trajectories behave diffusively at all polynomial time scales $t\approx p^{-M}$ with $M>1$, and in particular, they do not close by this time.

Mauricio Aníbal Suárez, Carlos Alberto Bonetti, Silvia Sosa

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre los conflictos territoriales y el proceso de etnogénesis por los que atraviesa una población rural de Santiago del Estero. A partir de un trabajo colaborativo con la comunidad Yaku Muchuna, perteneciente al pueblo Tonokoté, nos proponemos interpretar el proceso de autorreconocimiento indígena, que implicó una reconfiguración de la campesinidad con base en un trabajo de memoria y resignificación de automarcaciones de aboriginalidad. Nuestra principal fuente resulta de un informe socioantropológico trabajado conjuntamente para respaldar el uso histórico del territorio de la comunidad a través del armado de genealogías familiares y una cartografía social, en complemento con entrevistas y trabajo de archivo. Concluimos que la reetnización, más allá de presentarse como una estrategia para defender el territorio, pone a jugar memorias al igual que usos y apropiaciones locales del espacio reivindicadas como argumento de su indianidad.

Astanova Gulnara, Mirzoyeva Yulduz

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001

Christopher Ratigan, Lenore Cowen

While the area under the ROC curve is perhaps the most common measure that is used to rank the relative performance of different binary classifiers, longstanding field folklore has noted that it can be a measure that ill-captures the benefits of different classifiers when either the actual class values or misclassification costs are highly unbalanced between the two classes. We introduce a new ROC surface, and the VOROS, a volume over this ROC surface, as a natural way to capture these costs, by lifting the ROC curve to 3D. Compared to previous attempts to generalize the ROC curve, our formulation also provides a simple and intuitive way to model the scenario when only ranges, rather than exact values, are known for possible class imbalance and misclassification costs.

Ankit Bisain, Peter Humphries, Andrei Mandelshtam et al.

It is a folklore result in arithmetic quantum chaos that quantum unique ergodicity on the modular surface with an effective rate of convergence follows from subconvex bounds for certain triple product $L$-functions. The physical space manifestation of this result, namely the equidistribution of mass of Hecke-Maass cusp forms, was proven to follow from subconvexity by Watson, whereas the phase space manifestation of quantum unique ergodicity has only previously appeared in the literature for Eisenstein series via work of Jakobson. We detail the analogous phase space result for Hecke-Maass cusp forms. The proof relies on the Watson-Ichino triple product formula together with a careful analysis of certain archimedean integrals of Whittaker functions.

Olena Burda-Lassen

Folktales are linguistically very rich and culturally significant in understanding the source language. Historically, only human translation has been used for translating folklore. Therefore, the number of translated texts is very sparse, which limits access to knowledge about cultural traditions and customs. We have created a new Ukrainian-To-English parallel corpus of familiar Ukrainian folktales based on available English translations and suggested several new ones. We offer a combined domain-specific approach to building and augmenting this corpus, considering the nature of the domain and differences in the purpose of human versus machine translation. Our corpus is word and sentence-aligned, allowing for the best curation of meaning, specifically tailored for use as training data for machine translation models.

Giacomo Cozzi, Filippo Santambogio

The sliced-Wasserstein flow is an evolution equation where a probability density evolves in time, advected by a velocity field computed as the average among directions in the unit sphere of the optimal transport displacements from its 1D projections to the projections of a fixed target measure. This flow happens to be the gradient flow in the usual Wasserstein space of the squared sliced-Wasserstein distance to the target. We consider the question whether in long-time the flow converges to the target (providing a positive result when the target is Gaussian) and the question of the long-time limit of the flow map obtained by following the trajectories of each particle. We prove that this limit is in general not the optimal transport map from the starting measure to the target. Both questions come from the folklore about sliced-Wasserstein and had never been properly treated.

Z. A. Tychinskikh

The dastan “Ildan and Goldan”, the plot of which, according to the author of the article, was not widespread in the Siberian-Tatar folklore is considered in the article. It is noted that, unlike other das-tans, it is not present in the well-known col-lection of Siberian-Tatar folklore by V. V. Radlov. In this connection, the author assumes that this may be a literary work created by a specific author in the dastan genre, such as, for example, “Kalevala”, “Ural Batyr”, etc. The author proves that the plot of the work, based on historical events that took place on the territory of Western Siberia, the geographical names present in the dastan, a large number of words and speech turns characteristic of the Siberian-Tatar language, indicate that the dastan was recorded among the Siberian Tatars or by the author of the work is a native of the Siberian-Tatar environment. It is shown that the key place in the dastan, which tells about the events that took place in the Middle Ages, is given to the history of the Ishim Khanate. Parallels are revealed between the plots described in the dastan and in the Siberian chronicles. It is concluded that the authors of these works could use the same sources.

Roma Bončkutė

The article discusses the sources used by the national Lithuanian historian Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) which determined the inclusion of Odin in the ranks of Lithuanian/Baltic cultural heroes in the work BUDĄ Senowęs-Lëtuwiû Kalnienû ĩr Ƶámajtiû (en. The Character of the Ancient Lithuanians–Highlanders and Lowlanders, 1845). The first source discussed is the article “De l’ère primitive des législations sacerdotales” (“On the legislative power of the priests of primeval times”) published in the magazine “Le Catholique” in 1826, on which S. Daukantas mainly relied when discussing the figure of Odin. Upon investigation, this source does not consider Odin to be the hero of the Baltic people, either. It is speculated that S. Daukantas was impressed by the laconic biography of Odin and the note added at the end that the royal families of Saxony and Denmark, the Merovingian dynasty and the Lombard princes included Odin in their genealogy. S. Daukantas analogously states that Odin is also a Lithuanian hero because, even ‘now’, there are people with the surname Odinas living in Lithuania and Samogitia. Actually, S. Daukantas’s mother was née Odinaitė. This article further discusses two other sources: Geschichte Preußens (1827, vol. 1) by Johannes Voigt (1786–1863), and Geschichte von Littauen, Kurland und Liefland (1785) by Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi (1735–1802). It was determined that only J. Voigt briefly indicated that Odin founded Asgard near Daugava. S. Daukantas adopted this opinion in his work. On February 12, 1845, in a letter to Teodoras Narbutas (1784–1864), S. Daukantas reproached him for not including Odin in the ranks of Lithuanian cultural heroes and mentioned Le Catholique and Jntrodukcyi Maleta do historyi Dunskiej as important sources for the research pertaining to the possible Baltic origins of Odin. This inspires a hypothesis that S. Daukantas made a mistake in specifying the name of the Swiss-born historian Paul Henri Mallet because he did not write about Odin as a Lithuanian/Baltic hero in his work on Danish history. The article investigates which author’s introduction to a book on Danish history led S. Daukantas to a belief that he found information about the Lithuanian/Baltic Odin. It must have been an authoritative historian because S. Daukantas did not change his opinion about Odin when he wrote Pasakojimas apej Wejkałus Lietuwiû tautos senowie (Stories about Events in Ancient Lithuania, 1850) and emphasized that Northern writers refer to Odin as having lived and worked in Lithuania. After getting acquainted with Peter Friedrich Suhm’s introduction (Einleitung oder kritische Muthmaſsungen über die teste Abstammung und Geschichte der Nordischen Nation) to Geschichte der Dänen (1803), the study reaches the conclusion that it determined S. Daukantas’s decision about Odin’s Baltic origins. It is likely that an interdisciplinary study of the figure of Odin would finally allow us to confirm or reject this belief of S. Daukantas.

Andreia dos Santos Menezes

Este artículo propone realizar un análisis discursivo comparativo de corpora de letras del folklore argentino y del forró brasileño compuestas en las décadas de 1940 y 1950. Se observa, específicamente, cómo aparecen la posibilidad, o no, de retorno de los protagonistas a sus lugares de origen y los motivos del alejamiento. El análisis se vale especialmente de los conceptos de topografía (Maingueneau, 1997; 2000), memoria discursiva (Pêcheux, 2011; 1999) y de polifonía (Ducrot, 1984). El texto discute la relación entre nostalgia y espacio en letras de géneros musicales de diferentes partes del mundo, considerando cómo esa asociación se vincula a cuestiones sociohistóricas. Igualmente, se examinan las particularidades de Brasil y Argentina, y las circunstancias de estabilización de los campos (Bourdieu, 2003) del folklore argentino y del forró. El artículo concluye que, en el caso brasileño, está presente la posibilidad de volver y que el alejamiento se justifica por la sequía o por designios divinos. En el caso argentino, el destino es esgrimido como el único causante de la distancia y no aparece la posibilidad de volver.

Emilia Ferreyra

The article offers an analysis of the frequency and quality of LGBTQ+ representation in fictional podcasts. I examine how frequently and with what intent LGBTQ+ characters are included in this medium. This research aims to fill the gap in academic work on LGBTQ+ representation in podcasts. Though scholars note an increase in representation in mainstream media, LGBTQ+ media consumers, especially young people, still look to other sources for validation of their identities. Many LGBTQ+ people look to fictional podcasts as a source of quality representation, especially because podcasts are small-scale and rely on the funding, and thus the opinion, of listeners (Bottomley, 2015). In this paper, I analyze four fictional podcast series for LGBTQ+ inclusivity. I note how many LGBTQ+ characters are included and in what proportion. I assess the quality of representation in four ways: diversity, depth, and the frequency and type of stereotypical LGBTQ+ tropes. My findings show a high frequency of LGBTQ+ characters and diversity of personalities and backgrounds, opportunities for these characters to express their sexual and/or gender identities as well as LGBTQ+ trope subversions. Thus, we see that fictional podcasts, as a medium that sustains itself by listeners’ patronage, present stories that their audience can relate to. As a result, fictional podcasts create more niche stories that make connections with smaller demographics of media consumers.

Zherui Fan, Subhajit Goswami

The metric associated with the Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface has been constructed through a series of recent works and several properties of its associated geodesics have been studied. In the current article we confirm the folklore conjecture that the Euclidean Hausdorff dimension of LQG geodesics is stirctly greater than 1 for all values of the so-called Liouville first passage percolation (LFPP) parameter $ξ$. We deduce this from a general criterion due to Aizenman and Burchard which in our case amounts to near-geometric bounds on the probabilities of certain crossing events for LQG geodesics in the number of crossings. We obtain such bounds using the axiomatic characterization of the LQG metric after proving a special regularity property for the Gaussian free field (GFF). We also prove an analogous result for the LFPP geodesics.

Chenzi Jin, Yanir A. Rubinstein

The Chebyshev potential of a Kähler potential on a projective variety, introduced by Witt Nyström, is a convex function defined on the Okounkov body. It is a generalization of the symplectic potential of a torus-invariant Kähler potential on a toric variety, introduced by Guillemin, that is a convex function on the Delzant polytope. A folklore conjecture asserts that a curve of Chebyshev potentials associated to a curve in the space of Kähler potentials is linear in the time variable if and only if the latter curve is a geodesic in the Mabuchi metric. This is classically true in the special toric setting, and in general Witt Nyström established the sufficiency. The goal of this article is to disprove this conjecture. More generally, we characterize the Fubini--Study geodesics for which the conjecture is true on projective space. The proof involves explicitly solving the Monge--Ampère equation describing geodesics on the subspace of Fubini--Study metrics and computing their Chebyshev potentials.

Pengfei Tang

Consider simple random walk $(X_n)_{n\geq0}$ on a transitive graph with spectral radius $ρ$. Let $u_n=\mathbb{P}[X_n=X_0]$ be the $n$-step return probability and $f_n$ be the first return probability at time $n$. It is a folklore conjecture that on transient, transitive graphs $u_n/ρ^n$ is at most of the order $n^{-3/2}$. We prove this conjecture for graphs with a closed, transitive, amenable and nonunimodular subgroup of automorphisms. We also conjecture that for any transient, transitive graph $f_n$ and $u_n$ are of the same order and the ratio $f_n/u_n$ even tends to an explicit constant. We give some examples for which this conjecture holds. For a graph $G$ with a closed, transitive, nonunimodular subgroup of automorphisms, we prove a weaker asymptotic behavior regarding to this conjecture, i.e., there is a positive constant $c$ such that $f_n\geq \frac{u_n}{cn^c}$.

S.M. Makhmudova

Rutuli is one of the most ancient peoples - inhabitants of the Caucasus, whose history, folklore, and culture are not adequately studied. Nevertheless, oral folk art, carefully transmitted from one generation to another, is striking in its richness of forms and genres. These are couplets — the real pearls of a poetic syllable that obey strict laws — two verses are a contrast: the first line contains a picture of nature, the second contains the mental states of the lyrical hero; have a rhyme; both lines consist of 8 syllables, for example: Гьай джан дуьнйаа, дад адишды,Дерд гьухьус духул гидишды. The world does not make happy, my sorrow will blow rock. Былахад хьед маа хъыгадий, Вахда ул ливес йигадий. A sip of water used from a spring, At least once to look at you. (Our translation). We managed to publish a collection of proverbs of rutules, but the material found in the speech of native speakers makes us think that not a fifth of the proverbial collection has been collected. Fairy-tale material is also richly presented. Rutulian tales have not been published so far and have not served as the subject of scientific analysis. This work is the first attempt at a special analysis of the artistic originality of the Rutulian fairy tale - the folklore genre, which represents a literary heritage and reflects the national specificity of the literary thinking of the people that has developed over millennia.

Francisco J. Escobar Borrego

This article offers a monographic analysis of Cuidemos este son (Poesía flamenca), posthumous work by José Luis Tejada (1927-1988). In this way, in light of the neotraditionalist wake of Alberti, Lorca and Falla, the fundamental keys of this book of poems are contextualized in the writer’s career, with special attention to the period between the 1960s and the 1980s. Finally, it is highlighted how the Cádiz-born author was not only an expert in flamenco but also in other formalizations of the popular songbook and of the oral tradition, especially the romances, which they experienced as well, as in the Puerto de Santa María in certain versions, an aflamencamiento process beyond folklore. In fact, in connection with his flamenco poetry, we study the version transmitted by Tejada of the romance about Delgadina and La infanta preñada contaminated with that of La mala hierba. / El presente artículo ofrece un análisis monográfico de Cuidemos este son (Poesía flamenca), obra póstuma de José Luis Tejada. De esta manera, al trasluz de la estela neotradicionalista de Alberti, Lorca y Falla, se contextualizan las claves fundamentales de este poemario en la trayectoria del escritor, con especial atención al período comprendido entre las décadas de los sesenta y ochenta. Por último, se pone de relieve cómo el autor gaditano no solo fue un experto conocedor del flamenco sino también de otras formalizaciones de la tradición oral, especialmente de los romances, que experimentaron también, como sucedió en el Puerto de Santa María en determinadas versiones, un proceso de aflamencamiento más allá del folclore. De hecho, en conexión con su poesía flamenca, se estudia la versión transmitida por Tejada del romance sobre Delgadina y La infanta preñada contaminada con La mala hierba.