Hasil untuk "Europe (General)"

Matilde Quiroga Castellano

O artigo discute a judicialização da violência contra as mulheres, com foco nos processos de vitimização que emergem em casos de feminicídio no Estado de Santa Catarina. As reflexões baseiam-se em pesquisa etnográfica realizada em 2019, no âmbito de um doutorado em antropologia social. A metodologia envolveu a observação de audiências judiciais nas quais eram julgados fatos tipificados pela “Lei Maria da Penha” (Lei 11.340/06) e pela Lei do Feminicídio (Lei 13.104/15). A partir do relato de um caso, o artigo analisa as disputas em torno da vitimização (Barthe, 2019) e a construção do feminicídio como um intolerável social (Fassin; Bourdelais; Dozon, 2005) no campo judicial. As análises evidenciam a mobilização de discursos que hierarquizam vítimas (entre “boas” e “más”), revelando uma tensão específica nos casos de feminicídio, que, embora recebam maior investimento do aparato judicial, não se traduzem necessariamente em avanços nas políticas públicas voltadas à violência contra as mulheres.

J. de Long, A. Shleifer, A. Alesina et al.

Martin W. Lewis, Karen Wigen

Татьяна Александровна Гаврилина

Погребальный обряд является одним из важнейших маркеров, позволяющих наиболее точно и достоверно охарактеризовать особенности мировоззрения представителей древних сообществ. В статье предпринята попытка выявить специфику погребального обряда прибрежных культур южноамериканского континента – пайхан (12800–9600 л.н.) и лас-вегас (10800–6600 л.н.), а также очертить возможные перспективы его изучения. Автор дает характеристику современного подхода к изучению погребений: для работы с костными останками активно привлекаются специалисты в области антропологии, генетики, проводятся исследования для определения характера повреждения костей, идентификации по гендерному признаку, диагностики патологий и т.д.

Constance Carta

El exemplum XXVI del Libro del conde Lucanor (1335) merece que nos detengamos en el motivo del árbol, tercer personaje por derecho propio de esta fábula alegórica ‒junto con las personificaciones de la Verdad y la Mentira, dos conceptos clave en la obra manuelina–. El simbolismo del árbol, y el de cada una de sus partes (ramas, hojas, flores, frutos, tronco, sombra, raíces), es explotado por don Juan Manuel de forma muy sugerente, traspasando los límites de la simple comparación: ello le permite abrir el sentido del relato a lecturas complementarias y, a veces, incluso en apariencia contradictorias. Este tupido bosque de metáforas e interpretaciones sirve tanto al propósito narrativo como a la intención del autor, pero también permite acercarse al corpus de textos conocidos por el noble castellano y estudiar el modo en que se apropia de ellos para crear una obra altamente original.

C. Bosco, U. Minora, D. de Rigo et al.

This paper presents a mixed-methodology to forecast illegal border crossings in Europe across five key migratory routes, with a one-year time horizon. The methodology integrates machine learning techniques with qualitative insights from migration experts. This approach aims at improving the predictive capacity of data-driven models through the inclusion of a human-assessed covariate, an innovation that addresses challenges posed by sudden shifts in migration patterns and limitations in traditional datasets. The proposed methodology responds directly to the forecasting needs outlined in the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, supporting the Asylum and Migration Management Regulation (AMMR). It is designed to provide policy-relevant forecasts that inform strategic decisions, early warning systems, and solidarity mechanisms among EU Member States. By joining data-driven modeling with expert judgment, this work aligns with existing academic recommendations and introduces a novel operational tool tailored for EU migration governance. The methodology is tested and validated with known data to demonstrate its applicability and reliability in migration-related policy context.

Hisaaki Shinkai, Masao Takamoto, Hidetoshi Katori

Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) enable us to measure time and frequency with a fractional uncertainty at $10^{-18}$ level, which is 2 orders of magnitude better than Cs clocks. In this article, after briefly reviewing OLCs and the history of testing the fundamental principles of general relativity, we report our experiments of measuring the gravitational redshift between RIKEN and The University of Tokyo, and at Tokyo Skytree using transportable OLCs. We also discuss a couple of future applications of OLCs, such as detecting gravitational waves in space and relativistic geodesy. The possibility of testing second-order parametrized post-Newtonian potential around the Earth is also mentioned.

Krondorfer Björn, Tolstaya Katya

Is it possible to bring into conversation two different traumatic legacies that occurred in the twentieth century in Europe? How can we engage in productive conversation about two totalitarian systems that repressed, incarcerated, dehumanized, and murdered people deemed enemies of the state or unworthy of living? These were some of the challenging questions addressed in the roundtable symposium “Holocaust***Gulag: Repressing, Rescuing, and Regulating Recalcitrant Legacies.” The symposium aimed at addressing specific aspects of the difficult and painful histories of the Holocaust and the Gulag, and to probe how these long-lasting legacies intrude into contemporary society, culture, religion, and politics.

Alexander Mozdzen, Felicity Addo, Tamas Krisztin et al.

The global climate has underscored the need for effective policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, including those resulting from agricultural expansion, which is regulated by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) across the European Union (EU). To assess the effectiveness of these mitigation policies, statistical methods must account for the heterogeneous impact of policies across different countries. We propose a Bayesian approach that combines the multinomial logit model, which is suitable for compositional land-use data, with a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) prior to cluster regions with similar policy impacts. To simultaneously control for other relevant factors, we distinguish between cluster-specific and global covariates, coining this approach the Bayesian nonparametric partial clustering model. We develop a novel and efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, leveraging recent advances in the Bayesian literature. Using economic, geographic, and subsidy-related data from 22 EU member states, we examine the effectiveness of policies influencing land-use decisions across Europe and highlight the diversity of the problem. Our results indicate that the impact of CAP varies widely across the EU, emphasizing the need for subsidies to be tailored to optimize their effectiveness.

Liliana Harding, Ciprian Panzaru

This study explores how refugees' destination preferences evolve during transit, with a focus on Central and Eastern Europe, particularly Romania. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyse data from the International Organization for Migration's (IOM) Flow Monitoring Surveys and complement it with qualitative insights from focus group discussions with refugees. The quantitative analysis reveals that refugees' preferences for destination countries often change during transit, influenced by factors such as safety concerns, asylum conditions, education, and the presence of relatives at the destination. Our results support the application of bounded rationality and human capital theory, showing that while economic opportunities are important, safety becomes the dominant concern during transit. The qualitative analysis adds depth to these findings, highlighting the role of political instability, social networks, and economic hardships as initial migration drivers. Additionally, the study reveals how refugees reassess their destination choices based on their experiences in transit countries, with Romania emerging as a viable settlement destination due to its relative stability and access to asylum procedures. This research contributes to migration studies by challenging the traditional view of transit countries and offering new insights into the fluid nature of refugee decision-making.

Бранко Мораит

Прoф. др ДУШКO MEДИЋ је рoђeн 1953. гoдинe у Бaњoj Луци. Нa Прaвнoм фaкултeту у Бaњoj Луци је диплoмирao 1977. гoдинe и мaгистрирao фeбруaрa 2002. Дoктoрирao je у Нoвoм Сaду дeцeмбрa 2004. гoдинe. Судску кaриjeру je грaдиo oд припрaвничкoг стaжa у Oснoвнoм суду у Бaњој Луци, дo судије Уставног суда Републике Српске. Раније је обављао и дужност зaмjeника рeпубличкoг jaвнoг тужиoцa Рeпубликe Српскe.

T. Boeri

Ali Yeganeh, Ahmad Kamrani Far, Mohammad Reza Gholi Zadeh

Abstract:Although by the end of the first century AD the Mediterranean Sea had become a purely Roman sea, in later periods following the rise of the Sassanid, as they sought to reclaim the lands of their ancestors, this empire's confrontation with Byzantium became inevitable. By developing and consolidating their dominance over the political-commercial sphere of the Persian Gulf, Sassanid held an important part of the main transportation and trade axes of the ancient world. This was while on the borders of the other two areas, namely from Mesopotami to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean and the general area of the Caucasus, with their aggressive policy, they had a serious competition with the Byzantines, which was to get the main home, the conflicting ligaments.This research intends to deal with the main causes and factors of the Iran-Byzantine conflict between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf by descriptive-analytical method. In order to answer this question, the geopolitical and commercial-economic importance of the disputed areas is discussed. It will also show how the geopolitical position of these lands led the two great powers of that time into a series of land and sea battles.

Damian Grant

Poem "Paul Durcan" by Damian Grant.

Michele Vespe, Stefano Maria Iacus, Carlos Santamaria et al.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 infections on a global level has highlighted the need for accurate, transparent and timely information regarding collective mobility patterns to inform de-escalation strategies as well as to provide forecasting capacity for re-escalation policies aiming at addressing further waves of the virus. Such information can be extracted using aggregate anonymised data from innovative sources such as mobile positioning data. This paper presents lessons learnt and results of a unique Business-to-Government (B2G) initiative between several Mobile Network Operators in Europe and the European Commission. Mobile positioning data have supported policy makers and practitioners with evidence and data-driven knowledge to understand and predict the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the containment measures, their socio-economic impacts while feeding scenarios at EU scale and in a comparable way across countries. The challenges of this data sharing initiative are not limited to data quality, harmonisation, and comparability across countries, however important they are. Equally essential aspects that need to be addressed from the onset are related to data privacy, security, fundamental rights and commercial sensitivity.

Changbiao Wang

The positive mass theorem in general relativity states that in an asymptotically flat spacetime, if the momentum--energy tensor is divergence-free and satisfies a dominant energy condition, then a total momentum--energy four-vector can be formed, of which the energy component is nonnegative. In this paper, we take the wave four-tensor of a plane light wave in free space as a counterexample to show that there is no guarantee that a total four-vector can be formed. Thus the theoretical framework for the positive mass theorem is flawed. In addition, it is also shown as well that the Lorentz covariance of Dirac wave equation is not compatible with Einstein mass--energy equivalence.

Yves Krumenacker

Taima N. Furuyama, Fernando Antoneli, Isabel M. V. G. Carvalho et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, and caused the worldwide spread of the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Because of its mutational rate, wide geographical distribution, and host response variance this coronavirus is currently evolving into an array of strains with increasing genetic diversity. Most variants apparently have neutral effects for disease spread and symptoms severity. However, in the viral Spike protein, which is responsible for host cell attachment and invasion, an emergent variant, containing the amino acid substitution D to G in position 614 (D614G), was suggested to increase viral infection capability. To test whether this variant has epidemiological impact, the temporal distributions of the SARS-CoV-2 samples bearing D or G at position 614 were compared in the USA, Asia and Europe. The epidemiological curves were compared at early and late epidemic stages. At early stages, where containment measures were still not fully implemented, the viral variants are supposed to be unconstrained and its growth curves might approximate the free viral dynamics. Our analysis shows that the D614G prevalence and the growth rates of COVID-19 epidemic curves are correlated in the USA, Asia and Europe. Our results suggest a selective sweep that can be explained, at least in part, by a propagation advantage of this variant, in other words, that the molecular level effects of D614G have sufficient impact on population transmission dynamics as to be detected by differences in rate coefficients of epidemic growth curves.

Georg Rehm, Katrin Marheinecke, Stefanie Hegele et al.

Multilingualism is a cultural cornerstone of Europe and firmly anchored in the European treaties including full language equality. However, language barriers impacting business, cross-lingual and cross-cultural communication are still omnipresent. Language Technologies (LTs) are a powerful means to break down these barriers. While the last decade has seen various initiatives that created a multitude of approaches and technologies tailored to Europe's specific needs, there is still an immense level of fragmentation. At the same time, AI has become an increasingly important concept in the European Information and Communication Technology area. For a few years now, AI, including many opportunities, synergies but also misconceptions, has been overshadowing every other topic. We present an overview of the European LT landscape, describing funding programmes, activities, actions and challenges in the different countries with regard to LT, including the current state of play in industry and the LT market. We present a brief overview of the main LT-related activities on the EU level in the last ten years and develop strategic guidance with regard to four key dimensions.

Homer G. Angelo